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Education is a fundamental element in an individual's life that aims to optimize human potential across cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. This research is motivated by the importance of students' ability to manage their study time effectively to support optimal learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare students' study time management based on gender. This study used a descriptive comparative method, with a sample of several eighth-grade students at Islamic Boarding School X. Data were collected using a Likert scale instrument, then analyzed using descriptive techniques and an independent-samples t-test using the (Jeffreys’s Amazing Statistics Program) JASP application. The results indicate that several students are able to manage their study time well. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between male and female students in managing their study time. These findings indicate that the ability to manage study time is relatively even and is not influenced by gender.

Academic stress is a condition of psychological strain that arises when academic demands are perceived to exceed an individual’s capacity to cope. In this context, university students frequently use entertainment related to public figures as an emotion-focused coping strategy, one of which is celebrity worship. This study aimed to describe the level of academic stress among students who engage in celebrity worship. A descriptive quantitative design was employed, with purposive sampling of 230 active university students aged 18–25 years. Data were collected using the Perception of Academic Stress Scale (PASS) and the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS). The results indicated that the respondents’ mean academic stress score was relatively high (M = 46.05; SD = 8.38), and the level of celebrity worship was also relatively high (M = 86.10; SD = 15.89). Categorization showed that most students were in the moderate academic stress category (47.0%), followed by high (30.0%) and low (23.0%). For celebrity worship, most respondents were categorized as moderate (49.6%), followed by high (29.6%) and low (20.9%). Crosstab analysis suggested an increasing proportion of high academic stress as celebrity worship levels increased; notably, the high celebrity worship category was dominated by high academic stress (67.6%). Group difference testing also revealed significant differences in academic stress by gender (p < 0.05), with female students tending to report higher stress levels. These findings indicate that celebrity worship may serve as an emotion-focused coping mechanism, yet it may also become a source of distraction when the attachment is excessive. The implications highlight the importance of fostering adaptive coping strategies and time management skills among students to manage academic stress more effectively.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on firm value and examine the role of audit committees and gender diversity as moderating variables in raw materials companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Using a quantitative approach with a sample of 58 companies selected through purposive sampling, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and moderated regression analysis (MRA). The results show that CSR has a positive and significant effect on firm value, indicating that the higher the disclosure and implementation of CSR, the higher the market appreciation of the company. However, audit committees and gender diversity were not proven to be able to moderate the relationship between CSR and firm value. This finding implies that although CSR has been proven effective in increasing firm value through positive investor perceptions, corporate governance mechanisms represented by audit committees and gender diversity have not functioned optimally in strengthening this relationship. Therefore, companies need to consistently improve the quality of CSR implementation and evaluate the effectiveness of the role of audit committees and gender diversity policies so that they are not merely regulatory compliance but actually contribute to overseeing and directing the company's sustainability strategy.  

Stock price crash risk has become a critical concern in investment decision making and risk management, drawing the attention of investors and regulators amid a dynamic global business environment and repeated financial crises. However, empirical evidence on this issue remains limited in developing countries, particularly in the Iraqi context. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between board characteristics—board gender diversity, board size, and board independence—and stock price crash risk, as well as the mediating role of audit committee effectiveness. The study uses secondary data from ten banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange (ISX) during the 2017–2023 period. The findings show that board gender diversity and board size significantly reduce stock price crash risk. Higher female representation on boards is associated with more conservative decision making and stronger monitoring, which improves financial reporting transparency. An appropriately sized board also enhances oversight and lowers the likelihood of extreme negative stock price movements. In addition, the results indicate that the frequency of audit committee meetings mediates the relationship between board independence and stock price crash risk, suggesting that board independence is more effective when supported by an active audit committee. This study recommends that investors and financial analysts consider board characteristics and audit committee effectiveness when assessing firm value and risk. Furthermore, regulators and policymakers are encouraged to promote gender diversity on corporate boards to strengthen governance quality and reduce the probability of stock price crashes.

Inclusive education and gender equality are two essential components in creating a learning environment that is fair, equitable, and responsive to student diversity. This article presents a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach on 28 scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025. The research objective is to map the trends, implementation strategies, barriers, and opportunities for strengthening inclusive education with a gender perspective at the primary and secondary education levels. The results of the analysis indicate that the successful implementation of inclusive-gender education is closely related to gender-responsive teacher competence, family–community support, equitable school policies, and differentiated learning designs. The study also reveals that gender bias and stereotypes remain significant obstacles, while GESI/GEDSI training and pedagogical innovations have proven effective in improving the quality of inclusive education services. This review recommends strengthening the capacity of educators, reformulating school policies, and developing a gender-responsive curriculum as central strategies for achieving sustainable inclusive education.  

This study investigates the interconnected roles of board gender diversity and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance on firm performance within Indonesia's distinctive two-tier corporate governance system. Utilizing a panel dataset of 80 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2021 to 2023 and employing a fixed-effects regression model, the analysis measures gender diversity on both the Board of Commissioners (BOC) and Board of Directors (BOD) using the Blau Index, with firm performance proxied by Tobin's Q and ESG performance sourced from Refinitiv Eikon scores. The empirical results reveal that gender diversity on both the BOC and BOD does not have a statistically significant effect on firm performance, failing to support agency, upper echelons, and gender socialization theories. Furthermore, ESG performance demonstrates a significant negative direct effect aligning with the trade-off perspective that current implementation costs outweigh benefits. Crucially, the analysis finds that ESG does not moderate the board diversity-performance relationship, as both interaction terms are statistically insignificant. These findings collectively indicate that the potential governance and strategic advantages of board gender diversity are not being realized in the Indonesian context. The study concludes that this is attributable to several structural barriers, including tokenistic board appointments, the early-stage and often symbolic nature of ESG adoption focused on compliance rather than integration, and a weak institutional environment characterized by voluntary frameworks and socio-cultural constraints that limit the substantive influence of women in governance roles.

This study aims to examine the role of work engagement in life satisfaction among volunteers of the Involuntir community. Engagement in volunteer activities is often associated with subjective well-being; however, the dynamics of this relationship have not been fully understood, particularly in the context of young volunteers. This study employed a quantitative method with purposive sampling, involving 122 active Involuntir volunteers. The instruments used were the Utrecht Work engagement Scale (UWES-17) to measure work engagement and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) to assess life satisfaction. Data analysis was conducted using Spearman’s rho correlation test and regression analysis due to non-normally distributed data. Descriptive analysis results indicated that volunteers’ work engagement levels were categorized as high, while life satisfaction levels were categorized as moderate. The results of the Spearman’s rho correlation test revealed a significant negative relationship between work engagement and life satisfaction (r = −0.522; p < 0.05). Furthermore, regression analysis showed that work engagement had a significant effect on life satisfaction with a negative coefficient direction (β = −0.072; p < 0.05), indicating that higher levels of work engagement were associated with lower levels of perceived life satisfaction. Additionally, the Mann–Whitney difference test results indicated no significant differences in either work engagement or life satisfaction based on gender. Overall, this study suggests that high levels of volunteer engagement need to be managed in a balanced manner, as excessive engagement may potentially reduce life satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of sustainable volunteer engagement management in supporting the subjective well-being of young volunteers

This community service activity aims to empower women in Sumenep through entrepreneurship training, digital financial inclusion, and strengthening gender-responsive MSMEs in a sustainable community development context. The main problem identified was the low level of economic independence and competitiveness of women's businesses, particularly in the MSME sector. Therefore, this activity was designed with an approach that included entrepreneurship training to improve business skills, the implementation of digital financial inclusion to expand access to financial services, and strengthening MSMEs with a gender-responsive approach to increase competitiveness. The methods used in this activity included direct training, mentoring, and providing participants with access to relevant technology and information. The results of this activity indicate an increase in the economic independence and competitiveness of women's businesses in Sumenep, with the identification of a number of MSMEs that are growing and able to optimally utilize technology and digital financial services to support business sustainability and local economic development.

This study investigates the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and corporate financial distress, with board gender diversity examined as a moderating variable. Using 96 firm-year observations from manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2022–2024), the analysis employs variance-based Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings reveal that ESG performance does not exert a statistically significant effect on financial distress, and gender diversity does not moderate this relationship. These non-significant results constitute the central empirical contribution of the study, highlighting that ESG engagement and gender diversity have yet to translate into financial resilience in the Indonesian manufacturing context. The study underscores the importance of contextual factors—such as implementation costs, authenticity of ESG disclosures, and limited female representation on boards—in shaping the effectiveness of sustainability practices. The results provide theoretical implications for Stakeholder and Agency Theory and offer practical insights for managers, regulators, and investors in emerging markets.

Public speaking is an essential communication skill that plays a crucial role in enhancing self-confidence, delivering ideas effectively, and fostering social participation. However, many women in rural areas still lack opportunities to develop this skill due to limited access to training, gender stereotypes, and minimal experience in public forums. These challenges lead to low levels of women’s involvement, particularly housewives who are members of PKK, in community activities and decision-making processes at the local level. This study aims to examine the impact of public speaking training on improving the knowledge, self-confidence, and social participation of PKK mothers in Nagari Sumpur Kudus. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a participatory approach through interactive lectures, speaking practice simulations, reflective discussions, participatory observations, and qualitative evaluations. Data were analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing based on field notes, observations, and participants’ feedback. The findings indicate that the training successfully improved participants’ understanding of basic public speaking techniques, including intonation, eye contact, body language, and structured idea delivery. Furthermore, the participants experienced significant growth in self-confidence, courage to speak in front of groups, and motivation to continuously practice their communication skills. The interactive and supportive learning atmosphere also strengthened collaboration and solidarity among PKK members. Thus, public speaking training not only enhances individual competencies but also contributes to women’s empowerment and their active participation in community development at the village level.  

This research examines inter-ethnic marriages between Acehnese and Bugis-Makassar communities in Makassar City from 1990 to 2004, which emerged as a consequence of social mobility, cross-cultural interaction, and compatibility of religious values. The purpose of this study is to explain the factors that trigger inter-ethnic marriages, the underlying customary processes, and the socio-cultural dynamics that occur within family life. This research uses historical methods, including the heuristic stage, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, with data obtained thru in-depth interviews with four families and related documentary sources. The research findings indicate that holding a wedding requires cultural negotiation between the two groups, with some families adopting traditional Acehnese ceremonial customs, while others implement Bugis-Makassar traditions. In family life, couples face differences in values regarding communication, gender role division, and religious practices, which are then overcome thru a dialogue-based process of adaptation and compromise. This process results in the formation of hybrid cultural identities, the expansion of social networks, and the strengthening of inter-ethnic integration. Overall, intertribal marriages serve as a medium for cultural reconciliation and a means of building more inclusive social relationships in a multicultural society.

This research examines inter-ethnic marriages between Acehnese and Bugis-Makassar communities in Makassar City from 1990 to 2004, which emerged as a consequence of social mobility, cross-cultural interaction, and compatibility of religious values. The purpose of this study is to explain the factors that trigger inter-ethnic marriages, the underlying customary processes, and the socio-cultural dynamics that occur within family life. This research uses historical methods, including the heuristic stage, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, with data obtained thru in-depth interviews with four families and related documentary sources. The research findings indicate that holding a wedding requires cultural negotiation between the two groups, with some families adopting traditional Acehnese ceremonial customs, while others implement Bugis-Makassar traditions. In family life, couples face differences in values regarding communication, gender role division, and religious practices, which are then overcome thru a dialogue-based process of adaptation and compromise. This process results in the formation of hybrid cultural identities, the expansion of social networks, and the strengthening of inter-ethnic integration. Overall, intertribal marriages serve as a medium for cultural reconciliation and a means of building more inclusive social relationships in a multicultural society.

This research aims to analyze the effect of CEO power and board gender diversity on modern slavery disclosure (MSD) among Indonesia’s top 50 publicly listed companies by market capitalization. The research uses a quantitative approach with secondary data collected from annual and sustainability reports during the 2022–2024 period. The results show that CEO power has a negative and significant effect on MSD, indicating that stronger CEO power will reduce disclosure transparency. Furthermore, gender diversity on the board of commissioners also shows a negative and significant relationship with MSD, indicating that female representation in supervisory roles has not yet contributed into greater social accountability within Indonesian firms. Meanwhile, gender diversity on the board of directors shows no significant effect. These results suggest that internal governance factors such as CEO power and limited female influence in top positions still hinder companies from being transparent about social and ethical issues. In conclusion, stronger regulations and independent oversight are needed to improve companies’ transparency regarding modern slavery practices.

The phenomenon of increasing female activity in cafes shows a shift in lifestyle that is not merely consumptive, but also reflective and social. Cafes have now become leisure spaces where women express themselves, build relationships, and find emotional balance. This study aims to examine the trend of women utilizing cafes as a practice of social welfare in the era of sustainability. The approach used is descriptive qualitative based on secondary sources, with data in the form of news articles, lifestyle writings, and online media coverage of women's leisure behavior in Cirebon. This analysis was conducted to explore the social and spiritual values that emerge in these activities. The results of the study show that cafes serve as safe spaces for women to interact, share ideas, and restore mental energy. These activities reflect maqashid values such as Hifz al-nafs (preserving the soul) and Hifz al-'aql (preserving the mind), while contributing to the spirit of sustainability through the strengthening of gender equality and social welfare. The novelty of this research lies in its attempt to interpret women's leisure trends through the paradigm of social welfare, rather than simply as a modern lifestyle. These findings have important implications for the creation of a more inclusive, safe, and sustainable public space, while also opening up a new perspective that leisure activities can be part of achieving maqashid al-syari'ah in contemporary social life.

The 2024 simultaneous regional elections reaffirm the persistent underrepresentation of women in local politics, despite a gradual rise in female political participation. Amid the dominance of patriarchal political structures, the victory of Dilla Hich as Regent of Tanjung Jabung Timur emerges as a significant phenomenon that reflects a shift in local electoral dynamics while opening broader opportunities for women’s political representation. This study aims to analyze the political strategies employed by Dilla Hich and examine how her identity and social positioning as a woman contributed to her electoral success. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation from official sources. The findings indicate that Dilla Hich’s success was not solely rooted in her social capital and extensive political networks but also in the adaptive combination of offensive and defensive political strategies she implemented. Offensive strategies were reflected in the expansion of new voter bases and the strengthening of her personal image, while defensive strategies focused on maintaining loyal supporters and consolidating internal networks. Additionally, the strategic use of gender identity enhanced public acceptance of her leadership. This study concludes that Dilla Hich’s victory demonstrates how structured, inclusive, and adaptive political strategies can challenge patriarchal dominance and create greater opportunities for women in local electoral politics.

The goal of the current study was to identify the motifs found in the pertinent empirical literature. Following a thorough review of the literature, the current study found that globalization has affected the employment rate, exacerbated gender disparities, and altered trade and employment in the labor market. Additionally, the study found that FDI has several significant impacts on sectorial employment, employment productivity, employment in the private sector, and employment creation. The study also showed that the mixed impacts of remittances on labor and employment vary across economies. In a similar vein, it has been demonstrated that trade openness influences employment shifts. Furthermore, the analysis highlights that technological advancement, often accelerated by globalization, contributes to labor market polarization by increasing the demand for high-skilled workers while reducing opportunities for low-skilled labor. The study emphasizes that while globalization offers opportunities for economic growth, it also poses challenges in achieving inclusive and equitable employment. Therefore, effective policy measures are required to balance trade liberalization, foreign investment inflows, and domestic labor protection. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how globalization shapes employment dynamics and economic structures, offering insights for policymakers aiming to promote sustainable labor market development.

Gender mainstreaming (PUG) is a development strategy that integrates gender equality as a key principle in planning and budgeting. The city of Semarang has adopted this approach in various policy documents; however, its implementation still faces significant challenges. This study aims to evaluate the achievement of the seven prerequisites for PUG according to the guidelines from the Ministry of PPPA, including commitment, policies, institutional frameworks, resources, sex-disaggregated data, gender analysis tools (GAP and GBS), and community participation. The research utilizes a descriptive qualitative approach, employing in-depth interviews, document studies, and questionnaires. Key informants include local government organizations (OPDs) and civil society representatives. Data analysis is carried out using Miles & Huberman's interactive model with thematic analysis. The findings show that normative prerequisites such as policies and institutional frameworks are in place, but implementation remains weak, particularly in the use of sex-disaggregated data and the application of GAP-GBS. Supporting factors for success include leadership commitment from specific OPDs and the existence of cross-sector coordination forums, while the main obstacles are limited human resource capacity and insufficient gender-responsive budget allocation. This study reinforces the relevance of policy implementation theory in bridging the gap between normative frameworks and operational practices. Recommendations include ongoing training, mainstreaming sex-disaggregated data, and technical regulations that all OPDs must follow to enhance the effectiveness of PUG.

In inheritance law, the Qur’an typically stipulates a 2:1 distribution, where men receive two parts and women one. This division is often justified by the idea that men are responsible for earning a living, with women not typically involved in financial support. However, feminist exegete Amina Wadud argues that this distribution is not based on justice. She emphasizes that the primary consideration in inheritance should be the benefits the heirs will receive, rather than gender. This study aims to analyze inheritance distribution in Qs. al-Nisā’ verses 11-12 from Amina Wadud's feminist perspective, specifically her critique of the 2:1 ratio. The study is a qualitative library research study titled "Inheritance in the Review of Justice and Benefit Perspective Amina Wadud." The primary source is Wadud's book Women in the Qur'an and the Qur'an According to Women, with secondary sources drawn from related articles and journals. The findings indicate that while the Qur'an generally assigns men a larger share, inheritance is not always distributed in a 2:1 ratio. The division varies depending on factors such as family relationships, with sometimes equal shares (1:1) or a different distribution (1:2), prioritizing justice and the benefits of the heirs.

This study aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurship education and the school environment on the entrepreneurial interest of Vocational High School (SMK) students in South Jakarta. The background of this study is based on the importance of developing an entrepreneurial spirit among the younger generation as a strategic effort in facing employment challenges and encouraging the creation of new jobs. SMK students are seen as potential entrepreneurs who need to be equipped with entrepreneurial knowledge, skills, and attitudes from an early age. Therefore, entrepreneurship education and the school environment are two crucial factors that can shape entrepreneurial mindsets and motivations. This study uses a quantitative approach with an associative research type. The study population was students from five vocational high schools spread across South Jakarta. A sample of 173 respondents was selected through a stratified random sampling technique based on school strata and gender to obtain representative data. Data were collected using a closed questionnaire instrument that has been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression, which began with classical assumption tests such as normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and linearity. The results of the study indicate that partially, entrepreneurship education has a positive and significant influence on students' entrepreneurial interest. Similarly, the school environment also has a positive and significant influence. Simultaneously, both variables contribute to increasing entrepreneurial interest, with an Adjusted R Square value of 0.412. This means that 41.2% of the variation in entrepreneurial interest can be explained by entrepreneurship education and the school environment, while 58.8% is influenced by other factors. These findings emphasize the important role of schools in creating a learning ecosystem that encourages innovation, independence, and an entrepreneurial spirit among students.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, women in Bangladesh encountered higher financial crises than men. This aggravated pre-existent gender disparities in employment, income, and resource consumption. Therefore, the study investigates the extent to which the pandemic exacerbated discrepancies. It provides remedies based on proliferating electronic commerce networks. Furthermore, data from the World Bank, International Labor Organization, and UN for Women was gathered to evaluate the gender-based impact of COVID-19 on economic opportunities within Bangladesh, influencing e-commerce from an economic perspective across Bangladesh. The research findings reveal that Bangladesh possesses the potential to encompass electronic commerce within economic settings and empower women to engage in economic projects. Furthermore, the research recommends focusing on different cultural and policy settings to create further economic opportunities in Bangladesh. Future studies should attempt to study the effects of infrastructure and cultural norms on e-commerce and its potential to bridge the gender gap across varying regional settings.