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This study examines the intricate relationship between language use in literature and the cultural values it reflects. Language serves not only as a medium of communication but also as a vessel for cultural identity, beliefs, and social norms. Through a comparative analysis of literary works from diverse cultural backgrounds, this research highlights how authors employ language to convey their cultural narratives, ideologies, and ethical frameworks. The study focuses on various literary genres, including poetry, prose, and drama, to illustrate how linguistic choices—such as diction, syntax, and figurative language—embody the values and traditions of specific cultures. Additionally, the research investigates the impact of historical and social contexts on language use in literature, revealing how cultural shifts and globalization influence literary expression. By analyzing texts from different periods and regions, this study aims to demonstrate that literature not only reflects cultural values but also plays a crucial role in shaping and challenging them. Ultimately, the findings underscore the importance of understanding language in literature as a key to unlocking the deeper meanings of cultural identity and heritage.

Poetry is part of a literary work that has aesthetic value and is visualized in verses with full meaning. The purpose of this study is to analyze poetry with an expressive approach. The method used in this research is descriptive method with content analysis, by analyzing poetry with an expressive approach. Expressive is an approach in a very scientific and well-studied way. Because the expressive approach to poetry is based on our interpretation of a structured poem. So, previously poetry could not be understood by everyone who did not understand the world of literature because the words contained figures of speech (hyperbole in particular) became understandable to everyone who did not know about the world of literature because the words in the poem were interpreted in ordinary words. What used to contain a lot of figurative language became words that are common or easily understood by everyone.

Nusantara song 1 (one) is one of several koes plus songs with an archipelago (Indonesia) theme. The objectives of this study include (1) to reveal the meaning contained in the lyrics of the song Nusantara 1 (one) by Koes Plus, (2) to describe the representation of nationalism contained in the lyrics of the song Nusantara 1 (one) by Koes Plus, (3) what figurative language which is contained in the 1 (one) archipelago song by Koes Plus. The problem contained in representing this 1 (one) archipelago song is that the lyrics of this song tell about the beauty of the archipelago (Indonesia) and contain an invitation to people to unite with each other and mutually protect the integrity of the archipelago (Indonesia), but many are represented as lyrics. songs that lead to something that smells of romance, so many people misinterpret the lyrics of the song, making it a complex matter to be discussed in this study. With a different meaning of the lyrics of the archipelago 1 (one) song regarding the reality of the original lyrics made by the creator. Through research methods that are analytical descriptive by concluding data through literature study. Based on the results of the research, the views of the wider community regarding the 1 (one) archipelago song produced by Koes plus its meaning become clear and detailed, namely telling about the beauty of the archipelago which is packaged in poetic words that contain many meanings using association figures of speech.

The problem in this study is whether the use of rhetorical and figurative language styles in Ustad Maulana's da'wah at Islamic events is beautiful, and its implications for Indonesian learning in high school. The purpose of this study is to describe the rhetorical and figurative language style in Ustad Maulana's da'wah at Islamic events is beautiful, and its implications for Indonesian learning in high school. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method. The source of research data is the speech in Ustad Maulana's da'wah at the Islamic event was beautiful for the period 2015-2016. In this study, the data collection technique is the listen and record technique, and the sampling technique is purposive sampling (random). Based on the results of the overall analysis, the author concludes that the language style in Ustad Maulana's da'wah at the Islamic event is beautiful is a rhetorical language style including repetition, alliteration, apostrophe, asindeton, pleonasm, tautology, erothesis or rhetorical questions, prolepsis, correction, and hyperbole, then figurative language styles include equations or similes, metaphors, and allegories. The implications of language style on Indonesian language learning in high school are the learning material for grade XI students in odd semesters about analyzing content, structure, and language in lectures. Indonesian is also used in da'wah activities, both by ustadz and missionaries in Islam, as well as by evangelists in Christianity. Indonesian used to convey religious teachings and to communicate with people who do not know religion. The use of Indonesian in da'wah makes it easier for preachers to convey religious messages to the wider community. In addition, Indonesian is also used in mass media, such as television, radio, and newspapers to convey da'wah to the public.    

This study aims to describe (1) the forms of metaphor in the novel Conspiracy of the Universe by Fiersa Besari, (2) the function of metaphor in the novel Conspiracy of the Universe by Fiersa Besari. This research focuses on looking for forms of anthropomorphic, animal, abstract to concrete, synaesthetic metaphors and looking for the function of metaphorical language style which consists of personal, interpersonal, directive, referential, and imaginative functions. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method. The researcher uses a stylistic review to analyze the forms of metaphors and the functions of metaphors in this study. The research data are in the form of quotations, words, phrases, clauses, and sentences which contain metaphorical language styles. The results of this study show that the most dominant form of metaphor in this novel is synaesthetic metaphor. The contents of this novel contain many synaesthetic metaphors to deepen what the author conveys in the story so that the story is interesting with the expressions included by the author. The metaphorical language style is presented by inserting a message of the reader's sensitivity in interpreting each series of stories. Meanwhile, the function of the dominant style of language in this novel is the directive function. The directive function in this novel shows that the characters in the story tend to express their desires directly by giving orders or requests to the interlocutor, to do something the speaker wants.

The song "Istirahat" by Nosstress is a song that tells about environmental concern, about the earth that seems to be getting damaged and worse due to the actions of its inhabitants, namely humans themselves. Nosstress is known as a music group that often raises environmental, socio-political, and humanitarian issues, which are conveyed simply through their works. This songwriter tries to express his feelings by inspiring his listeners to rest just a little while, giving time to the earth, we can see in the lyrics "Hi my human friends, just rest a little, for him and the human earth". The aims of this study are (1) to find out the meaning contained in the lyrics of the song "Istirahat" by Nosstress, (2) to explain what figurative language is contained in the lyrics of the song "Istirahat" by Nosstress. This research is based on curiosity about the meaning of the song lyrics which are quite poetic and the figurative language used by the author in the song. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The results of this study are understanding the structure, meaning, and figure of speech in the lyrics of the song "Istirahat" by Nosstress.

The song "Amin Paling Serius" popularized by Sal Priadi and Nadin Amizah is a very unique and magical song because the lyrics use a dialogue format between two male and female characters. The song with orchestral strains composed by Lafa Pratomo as the music producer for the song "Amin Paling Serius" brings listeners to explore their deepest feelings of love and hope. “Amin Paling Serius” tells of the love story of two people who come from two different backgrounds, and both offer their prayers with the most serious amen for their love journey together. The lyrics in this song are also very beautiful and poetic, coupled with a figurative language style that makes the song even more alive. The aims of this study include (1) analyzing the use of figurative language in the lyrics of the song "Amin Paling Serius". (2) Understanding and expressing the meaning of the song "Amin Paling Serius". The method used in this research is a qualitative research method. The results of this study are expected to be able to understand the meaning and use of figurative language in the song "Amin Paling Serius" which was popularized by Sal Priadi and Nadin Amizah.

This study aims to: (1) describe the sense of ekopuitika theory; (2) describe the working mechanism of ekopuitika theory; and (3) describe the application of the ekopuitika theory in the oral literature. The theory used in this research is  ekopuitika theory, ecology theory, and poetics theory. The data collecting technique or data collection process utilized in this research are as follows: (1) recording technique, either audio or audiovisual, (2) notes, (3) rooted interview, (4) literature study and documentation analysis. The finding of the research is (1) the meaning ekopuitika theory is literary theory/knowledge of poetry which is associated with the environment. (2) the working mechanism is started from analyzing the poetics theory which consists of: 1. Sound that includes: a) rima; (b) assonance; (c) alliteration; (d) anaphora; (e) efoni; (f) kakafoni; and (g) onomatopoeic. 2. Rime (metrum and rhythm) 3. Word includes: (a) vocabulary; (b) diction; (c) figurative language; (d) imagery; and (e) linguistic factors. 4. Phrase that includes: (a) nominal phrases; (b) verbal phrase; (c) the numeral phrase; (d) the adverb phrase; and (e) the prepositional phrase. 5. Sentence/array includes: (a) declarative sentences; (b) interrogative sentences; (c) the imperative sentence; and (d) the exclamatory sentence. 6. The discourse that includes: (a) cohesion and (b) coherence. The next how it works, is further analyzed once more with the ecology theory that includes: (a) the representation of nature: plant, animal, mountain, water, sea, land, air, sun, and sky; (b) the manifestation of the representation of behavior: traditional event (ritual), religion, knowledge, cosmology, language, myth, art, moral, and housing. After the ekopuitika theory applied in the oral literature there was a result that evidently for the representation of nature related to the plant and animal, while for the representation of the behavior associated with the traditional event (ritual) and language.

  This research was conducted to examine a short story entitled "Nothing is crazy in this city" by Eka Kurniawan in an anthology of short stories entitled Love is not dead. In this short story study contains two study materials in it, namely the study of stylistics and structure in the short story "Nothing is crazy in this city". The stylistic study referred to according to Tuloli in Lafamane (2020) stylistics or stylistics in general talks about the use of a distinctive or special language, which is the hallmark of a writer, literary school, or also deviations from everyday language or from normal or normal language. standard, and so on. In this study, the short story contains aspects of the provisions of stylistic studies, such as sound style, sentence style, discourse slot gacor, figurative language and imagery. Then the short story has the stages of the short story as a coherent structure, including: Abstraction, orientation, complication, evaluation, resolution and code.