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Dead skin cells can occur due to many factors, such as increasing age, sun exposure, and an unhealthy lifestyle. Signs of skin problems due to the buildup of dead skin cells are dull skin, acne, and dry skin.  Body scrub is a type of skin care that can provide many benefits for skin health and beauty. Scrub is the process of exfoliating dead skin cells using a scrub or natural ingredients. Pedada fruit scrub is a natural beauty care innovation originating from the coast of Indonesia, especially from areas rich in pedada fruit plants (Sonneratia spp.). Pedada fruit is known to have high antioxidant content which can provide benefits for the skin, such as brightening it, reducing wrinkles, and fighting the effects of free radicals. This scrub uses pedada fruit extract which is rich in flavonoids, tannins and vitamin C to care for the skin naturally. This body scrub product not only offers beauty benefits but is also environmentally friendly because the raw materials are easy to find in coastal areas and do not require complicated chemical processes. This research aims to examine the benefits of pedada fruit scrub as a natural beauty solution that is rich in antioxidants.

Cashew leaves or also called monkey guava are known by many people, especially in Southeast Sulawesi and are believed to have a number of health benefits but are still rarely known by some people. This study aims to determine the profile of secondary metabolite content and determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale Linn) using the extraction method by maceration. The extraction process of old cashew leaves is carried out by the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent for 3 days of soaking and stirring every 24 hours, then concentration is carried out through the evaporation process. Phytochemical testing includes identification of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids and saponins, as well as testing antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The results showed that the extract of cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale Linn) strongly positive contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, steroids and saponins. Based on the results of the IC50 calculation, 96% ethanol extract has the highest antioxidant activity at a concentration of 14.35 ppm (µg/mL) with a very high category. The content of secondary metabolites and very high antioxidant activity from the results obtained, explain that cashew nuts have the potential to increase body immunity and can be used in various antioxidant food products so that cashew leaves are more economically valuable for the community.

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has abundant mineral wealth, both metal minerals and other minerals. Metal minerals, including gold, tend to have a higher economic value. Based on data from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, the world's gold reserves in 2020 were 50,300 tons of Au. Indonesia is among the 5 largest in the world with 5% of the total gold reserves, which is 2,600 tons of Au. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technology and science in the mining industry, especially gold and silver, to improve the optimization of the process and increase the added value of the mining products themselves. One of the gold extraction processes can be done hydrometallurgically with the cyanidation method using a intensive leach test. The results of this experiment show that factors such as cyanide usage and ultra fine particle size will greatly affect the recovery of gold and silver metals.

The seismic and magnetic data are well known for the investigation of tectonic structures and their directions on surface and subsurface, a methodological approach integrated the seismic and magnetic data interpretation combined with field measurement on cracked building and its underlying substratum, represented by Agadez sandstones and basement. The extraction of seismic lineaments from West African seismic map showed the seismic directions oriented NW-SE (N135 to N160°), passing through the studied area. The structural interpretation of magnetic map show that the Agadez region is also affected by the subsurface lineaments mainly oriented in NW-SE (N135°) directions, which are similar to the identified seismic lineaments in the same zone. A structural study carried out on the Agadez sandstones and the underlying basement, showed that faults and fractures oriented N120° to N165°, affect both the basement of the Aïr Mountains and the sandstone for­mations on which the city of Agadez is built. These observations showed that building cracking in Agadez region has a higher propagation tendency according to the directions rang­ing from NW-SE (N135°) to NNW-SSE (N165°). Therefore, the buildings cracking has a stronger propagation component according to these mean directions those are not recommended for building. To prevent and reduce the risks related to building cracking in Agadez region, it is highly recommended to build in the minor directions of cracking propagation which correspond to NE and SW directions.

Arumanis mango rind is an organic waste that contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids. Many flavonoids are found in the rind of the arumanis mango, which acts as a very strong antioxidant and has the potential to heal wounds, including infected wounds. This study aims to determine the effect of arumanis mango (Mangifera indica L.) rind extract ointment on healing infected wounds caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, determine the effective concentration for healing infected wounds, and the histopathological decripstions. This research was an experimental study using male white rats which were divided into 5 groups, namely group I (control), group II (Gentamicin), group III (5% concentration), group IV (10% concentration) and group V (15% concentration). The parameters observed were the percentage of healing of infected wounds, epithelialization time, and histopathology. Then the data were analyzed using the ANOVA test followed by Duncan's further test.The results of the study were based on the group order above, from the parameters the average percentage of infected wound healing on 3rd day  was 29.73%; 48.84%; 45.95%; 42.81%; 42.33%, on 7th day it was 70.96%; 85.79%; 83.25%; 76.95%; 73.87%, and on the 14th day it was 89.89%; 93.32%; 93.87%; 92.67%; 91.48%. Epithecization time is 9; 6; 7; 8; 9 (day), for histopathology of fibroblast cells with a score of 1; 3; 3; 2; 2; for collagen fibers 1; 3; 3; 3; 3; for re-epithelialization 2; 3; 2; 2; 2; for inflammatory cells 0; 3; 2; 2; 2. The conclusion of the research is that arumanis mango peel extract ointment (Mangifera indica L.) has an influence on the healing process of wounds infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria in male white mice, the most effective concentration and the best histopathological descriptions at a concentration of 5%.  

Takokak fruit contains bioactive compounds that can be used as antidiabetics. This study aims to identify bioactive compounds of ethanol extract of takokak fruit and antidiabetic test of n-Hexane fraction. The method used to obtain the extract is maceration using ethanol . Antidiabetic testing is carried out through in vivo testing with the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) method on white rats. Secondary metabolites are compounds contained in taakokak fruit that are identified as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids and terpenoids . The results of the antidiabetic test showed that the n-Hexane fraction with glibencamide as a comparator has the ability as an antidiabetic in terms of the amount of difference in blood glucose levels in the test animal group from T 30 to T 120 . The average decrease in blood glucose levels in the negative control group (Na-CMC) was 108.67 mg/dL, the positive control group ( glibencamide ) 174.67 mg/dL, the 5% concentration fraction group 35.33 mg/dL, the 10% concentration fraction group 30.67 mg/dL, the 20% concentration fraction group 47.67 mg/dL.

Takokak fruit is one of the plants that can be used to lower blood sugar levels. This study aims to identify the bioactive compounds of ethanol extract of takokak fruit and test the antidiabetic ethyl acetate fraction. Antidiabetic testing was carried out by in vivo testing using the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) method to see the decrease in blood glucose levels using white rats as test animals. The test results showed that takokak fruit contains flavonoids, steroids, and tannins. Fractionation is the process of extracting compounds from the extract using two types of solvents that do not mix with each other. The results of the antidiabetic test showed that the ethyl acetate fraction with glibenclamide as a comparator had the ability as an antidiabetic measured by the amount of difference in the decrease in blood glucose levels in the test animal group T₃₀ to T₁₂₀. From the results obtained, the average decrease in blood glucose levels in the negative control group (Na CMC) was 5.8 mg/dL, the positive control group (Glibenclamide) 21.03 mg/dL, and the fraction group 9.86 mg/dL. Takokak fruit has antidiabetic activity. Compounds that have antidiabetic activity are flavonoids, tannins, and steroids.

Gold (Au) as a precious metal has played significant role throughout human history. Most gold ores subjected to leaching using the sodium cyanide (NaCN) contain high levels of base metals. High base metal content can influence the recovery of pregnant leach solution (PLS), as it affects the consumption of sodium cyanide (NaCN) and lime used to optimize the gold ore leaching process. Pre treatment leaching process is required for gold ores before the leaching process is carried out. In this study, a pre treatment leaching process was carried out using the Aachen High Shear and Filblast Low Shear Reactors with variations in feed solids percentage for each reactor, utilizing NaCN concentrations of 1000 ppm for the Aachen with bottle roll test (BRT) and 500 ppm for the Filblast with agitations leach test (ALT). Based on this study, each pre-treatment leaching reactor, the extraction percentages were 54.30% Au, 63,40%  Ag for the Aachen and 52.19% Au and 68,10% Ag at Filblast. Lime consumption in the Aachen was highest at 3.47 kg/t (PreOx 3 and AAL), while in Filblast at 1.71 kg/t. Meanwhile, NaCN consumption in the Aachen was highest at 0.64 kg/t (PreOx 2), compared to 0.80 kg/t in Filblast.

The Garuga floribunda (Garuga floribunda Decne) plant is one of the species known for its various medicinal properties. This research aims to investigate the inhibitory activity of α- glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes and to determine the optimum concentration of the methanol extract of Garuga floribunda leaves as an antidiabetic agent. The leaves extraction is obtained through an extraction process using methanol as the solvent and tested for itsinhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase enzyme using the p-nitrophenyl-α-D- glucopyranoside (p-NPG) substrate and the α-amylase enzyme using the DNS (3,5- dinitrosalicylic acid) substrate. The method is UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The Phytochemical tests of this plant reveal the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids. The inhibition test results show that the methanol extract of Garuga floribundaleaves exhibited significant inhibitory activity against both enzymes. The highest inhibition percentage against the α-glucosidase enzyme is 91.09%, indicating very high antidiabetic activity. Meanwhile, the inhibition against the α-amylase enzyme is 7.56%, showing no significant antidiabetic activity. The optimum concentration for inhibiting both enzymes is 1000 ppm.

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is derived from fresh coconut meat and can be produced through various methods, including enzymatic processes. This study investigates the effect of adding papain enzyme on the antioxidant activity of VCO. The enzymatic method involves extracting coconut milk with the addition of papain obtained from young papaya. The antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method, while other parameters such as moisture content and free fatty acids were also evaluated.The research highlights that VCO is recognized for its health benefits and versatility in various applications. The enzymatic extraction method offers an efficient means of producing VCO while enhancing its properties. This study specifically focuses on how the incorporation of papain influences both the quality of VCO and its antioxidant capacity.In terms of methodology, the study utilized an enzymatic approach for VCO production by incorporating papain into the extraction process. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, and the resulting VCO was analyzed for moisture content and free fatty acids.The results indicated that VCO produced with papain had a moisture content of 0.22% and free fatty acids of 0.76%, while VCO without enzyme addition showed a moisture content of 0.16%. The antioxidant activity was measured at 18.35 ppm for VCO with papain, compared to 13.51 ppm for pure VCO.In conclusion, the addition of papain enzyme not only accelerated the production of VCO but also enhanced its antioxidant activity, classifying both types of VCO as having strong antioxidant properties. However, it is important to note that the moisture content and free fatty acids in VCO with enzyme addition did not meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7381:2008), likely due to residual water from the papaya fruit.

Objective: This scoping literature review is intended to identify factors that influence Psychological well-being and see the gap synthesis of previous studies. Introduction: Students as the next generation of the nation often face various challenges, both in academic, social, and personal fields. These challenges can affect their psychological well-being, which is an important aspect in supporting the success of studies and life as a whole. Methods and analysis: This study uses 5 main stages, namely the stage of identifying questions, identifying relevant studies, selecting study results, data extraction, data synthesis. Specifically using the PCC framework and paying attention to inclusion and exclusion criteria so that the final results are obtained. Results: The results found from the data selection found a total of 8,401 articles from 1 database and duplication was done twice (in the first check using Rayyan.ai the second work during data selection with Rayyan.ai n = 807 After duplication of data selection based on inclusion exclusion criteria, 63 relevant articles were found. After manual re-detection, the final results were 13 articles that were most relevant to the research topic.    

Background. The paradigm of treatment using herbal plants is still attached to the Indonesian people for wound healing. One of the plants that is often used for treatment and has the effect of accelerating wound, is the binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia). The aim of this study is to determine the effect of hydrogel of binahong leaf extract (Anredera Cordifolia(Ten.) Stennis) on the healing of incisional wounds in wistar rats. Method. This study uses a True Experimental research design with the Post Test Only Control Group Design method. The samples were 30 wistar Rattus norvegicus rats, divided into 5 groups, namely: K (control group), P1 (was given 10% puvidone iodine ointment), P2 (was given 5% binahong leaf extract hydrogel), P3 (was given 10% binahong leaf extract hydrogel), P4 (was given 20% binahong leaf extract hydrogel). The treatment was carried out for 14 days. Wound examination was carried out on days 1,3,6,9,12,14. The REEDA score parameter were used to assess wound healing. Result. The bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon paired difference test in each experimental group showed a significant difference only in group P2 (was given 5% binahong leaf extract hydrogel) with group K (control group), group P1 (was given 10% puvidone iodine ointment) and group P2 (was given 5% binahong leaf extract hydrogel) during days 12 and 14. incision wound compared to groups P3 and P4 on the same day. The average score of the REEDA scale on days 1,3,6,9,12, and 14, the most significant incisional wound healing in wistar rats was given hydrogel binahong leaf extract with a concentration of 5%. Conclusion. There is an effectiveness of healing incision wounds in wistar rats by giving hydrogel binahong leaf extract. The hydrogel binahong leaf extract 5% is the most significant concentration assessed from the average REEDA scale score.

In the fruit processing industry, peel is one of the main by-products. Non-edible portions of fruit are likewise seen as waste and are frequently thrown out into the environment. Nowadays, one of the main sources used by the pharmaceutical sector to isolate and extract secondary metabolites is fruit peels. Many applications known for lime peel, especially for antibacterial. This study focuses on the isolation, chemical composition characterization, and antibacterial activity on skin pathogenic bacteria of lime peel essential oil (LPEO). LPEO were isolated using steam distillation and characterized by GC/MS. A total of 24 components were identified. The major constituents of the LPEO were d-limonene (40.24%), β-terpinene (15.68%), sabinene (13.15%), citral (3.41%), α-Terpineol (3.40%), and terpinene-4-ol (2.94%). The antibacterial activity was determined using the Kirby-Baurer method against several bacteria that can cause skin infections. The antibacterial activity of LPEO against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionicbacterium acne is confirmed. LPEO showed varied levels of antibacteria activity against the gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Zone of inhibition (ZOI) in millimetres was used to measure the antibacterial activity, and amoxicillin was used as a control.  

Indonesia is a country rich in useful biodiversity, such as red galangal (Alpinia purpurata K.Schum). The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the compounds isolated from the red galangal rhizome is the beginning of a new innovation to implement the concept on plants. The content of 1,8 sineol and eugenol in it makes red galangal rhizome can be used as a fungicide on lettuce plants. The widespread use of chemical-based pesticides can harm farmers and the environment with repeated exposure and over a long period of time. So biofungicide innovation is needed that can support the concept of Green Chemistry. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of red galangal rhizome extract as a fungicide on lettuce plants, as well as to analyze and determine under what conditions the fungicide from red galangal rhizome extract is optimal in eradicating Rhizoctonia Solani fungus on lettuce plants. This research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments. All data were tested for normality followed by homogeneity test and all data were found to be normally distributed and homogeneous. Data were analyzed with parametric statistical tests using one-way ANOVA tests and further tests using Tukey with an error rate of 10% to determine whether there was an effect of the treatment tested on the material. The results of this study indicate that red galangal rhizome extract is effective in eradicating Rhizoctonia Solani fungus on lettuce plants with an optimum concentration of 50%.

Escherichia coli is a bacterium that typically resides as a normal flora in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. However, certain strains of E. coli can cause infections in humans. Therefore, antibiotics are needed to inhibit the growth of these infection-causing bacteria. The increasing cases of antibiotic resistance in E. coli necessitate alternative therapies, including the use of natural substances. In West Kalimantan, one potential source is the Pontianak Orange (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa). This plant contains secondary metabolites that can be used for medicinal purposes, such as the juice extract. The compounds within these secondary metabolites possess antimicrobial properties that could be used as antibacterials. To determine the antibacterial potential of Pontianak Orange juice (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) against Escherichia coli. This study utilized an experimental design featuring a post-test only group design. Phytochemical analysis indicated that Pontianak Orange juice (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) contains phenolics (+), alkaloids (+), and terpenoids (++). Antibacterial activity testing at all concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) showed no inhibition zones. The juice of Pontianak Orange (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) did not show antibacterial effects against the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria.

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of flexible work arrangements (FWAs), prompting a paradigm shift in the traditional work model. This study aims to systematically review the literature on the impact of FWAs and organizational culture on work productivity. A systematic literature review was conducted using a rigorous methodology, including database searches, screening, data extraction, and thematic analysis. The search focused on peer-reviewed articles published in reputable academic journals. The findings from the literature review indicate that FWAs and organizational culture have a significant impact on work productivity. FWAs can enhance work-life balance, job satisfaction, and employee motivation, leading to increased productivity. However, challenges such as social isolation, decreased collaboration, and difficulty in maintaining work-life boundaries may arise. Organizational culture plays a crucial role in shaping employee behaviour and performance. A positive organizational culture characterized by trust, respect, and open communication can foster employee engagement and productivity. However, negative organizational cultures can hinder employee performance and job satisfaction. This systematic literature review highlights the complex interplay between FWAs and organizational culture in influencing work productivity. Organizations should strive to create a positive organizational culture that supports employee well-being, provides opportunities for professional development, and facilitates effective collaboration. By carefully designing and implementing FWAs, organizations can harness the benefits of flexibility while mitigating potential challenges. Further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of FWAs and organizational culture on employee productivity and organizational performance.

The growth of e-commerce in Indonesia has led to the emergence of various online shopping platforms, with Shopee being one of the most popular in Semarang City. User reviews on the Shopee application serve as a valuable data source for analyzing customer satisfaction levels; however, the large volume of data requires a systematic and accurate analytical approach. This study aims to analyze user review sentiments of the Shopee application using three machine learning algorithms: Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, and Support Vector Machine (SVM), as well as comparing the accuracy of these three algorithms. This research utilized 1000 reviews collected through web scraping from the Play Store, which were categorized into three classifications: positive, neutral, and negative sentiments. The analysis process encompassed pre-processing stages, feature extraction using TF-IDF, and classification using Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, and Support Vector Machine algorithms. The results demonstrated that the Random Forest algorithm achieved the highest accuracy at 96.19%, followed by Support Vector Machine with 95.71% accuracy, and Naïve Bayes with 84.76% accuracy. This research highlights the effectiveness of Random Forest and SVM in classifying user review sentiments towards the Shopee application.

This study aims to evaluate effectiveness of health education on public perception and knowledge regarding the use of garlic extract to reduce cholesterol in Suco Seloi Malere Aldeia Namanei Posto Administrativo Aileu Municipiu Aileu in 2024. This research uses a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest approach. Data was collected from the community in Suco Seloi Malere Aldeia Namanei Posto Administrativo Aileu Municipiu Aileu in 2024 through questionnaires before and after being given health education.  Before education, 62% of respondents had moderate knowledge; After education, 64% of respondents had high knowledge about the use of garlic extract to lower cholesterol. Before education, 60% of respondents had a moderate perception; After education, 62% of respondents showed an increase in perception to high perception. Before education, 38% of respondents had little experience, after education, 98% of respondents had good experience regarding the use of garlic extract to lower cholesterol. Before education, the majority of respondents (60%) had a secondary education level. After education, the proportion of respondents with a secondary education level remained stable at 60%. Before education, 40% of respondents felt a high cultural influence regarding the use of garlic extract. After education, this figure increases to 70%.  The health education provided is effective in increasing public knowledge and perception regarding the use of garlic extract to lower cholesterol.

This study explores the potential of breadfruit leaves (Artocarpus altilis) as a raw material in making skin care soap. Breadfruit leaves are known to contain active compounds such as saponins and flavonoids that have antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. This study aims to test the effectiveness of breadfruit leaf extract in improving the quality of skin care soap. In addition, this study also highlights the use of breadfruit trees at SDN Kutisari 2 Surabaya, which is one of the Adiwiyata schools. This school utilizes the environment as a means of learning and maintaining the existence of plants, including breadfruit trees, which function as a source of food and traditional medicine. The results showed that soap with breadfruit leaf extract had better cleaning quality and hydrating ability compared to soap without extract. These findings indicate that breadfruit leaves can be a useful ingredient in making skin care products, as well as providing inspiration for the development of more natural and effective soap products, and supporting efforts to conserve natural resources in the school environment.

This study concentrates on the design and construction of a laboratory-scale centrifuge for the separation of gum from crude palm oil (CPO). The extraction of gum from CPO is essential in the palm oil sector to guarantee that the finished product adheres to quality standards and is safe for consumption. We engineered the prototype centrifuge to accommodate six 600-mL bottles and achieve a maximum rotational speed of 1400 rpm. The design procedure utilised Autodesk Inventor software for CAD modelling and computations to ascertain the centrifugal force, power capacity, and shaft diameter. The process of manufacturing entailed cutting and shaping stainless steel into the necessary components, subsequently followed by drilling and milling operations for mounting points and interfaces. We implemented surface treatment to augment corrosion resistance and elevate visual appeal. The assembling procedure encompassed component integration, motor incorporation, and control system configuration. The experimental configuration involved centrifugal testing utilising 600-mL glass bottles with time intervals of 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes at an average rotational speed of 924 rpm. The experiment showed that the centrifuge worked well to separate the gum and other contaminants from the CPO. The best separation happened after 40 minutes of centrifugation.