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Usability evaluation plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality of digital systems, particularly in terms of comfort, effectiveness, and ease of use. Instruments such as the System Usability Scale (SUS), User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ), and Heuristic Evaluation (HE) are widely used in modern usability studies. This research conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify patterns and trends in the use of these instruments. A total of 27 initial studies were collected, and 16 were selected through the PRISMA screening procedure. The findings show that UEQ is the most frequently used instrument, especially in Learning Management Systems (LMS) and academic platforms, while SUS is commonly applied to mobile applications and digital libraries for rapid usability assessment. HE is effective in revealing fundamental interface issues such as non-intuitive navigation and layout inconsistencies. Overall, digital systems perform well in Efficiency and Perspicuity, but consistently show low scores in Novelty. This study provides an integrative knowledge map that highlights cross-instrument insights and supports the development of more intuitive, innovative, and user-centered digital systems

This study aims to evaluate how petty cash management practices contribute to improving operational efficiency at PT Anugerah Langgeng Berkat Abadi. This research focuses on examining the implementation of the petty cash management system, applied procedures, and its impact on the smooth execution of daily operational activities. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, direct observation, and documentation during the internship period. The collected data were analyzed systematically to describe the actual condition of petty cash management within the company. The results indicate that PT Anugerah Langgeng Berkat Abadi implements a fluctuating fund system in managing petty cash. Expenditures are initially recorded manually and then re-entered into the company’s internal digital system to maintain control and accountability. Petty cash is used to finance routine and urgent operational needs, such as office stationery, transportation costs, and other short-term expenditures. The company has established standard operating procedures governing the use, recording, and accountability of petty cash. Several challenges were identified, including delays in the disbursement and reimbursement process, which may affect time efficiency. However, overall, the petty cash management system is considered effective in supporting short-term operational needs without disrupting the stability of the company’s main cash. This study concludes that systematic and well-controlled petty cash management plays an important role in the company’s cost efficiency strategy and supports daily operational activities. These findings align with strategic management principles, where appropriate financial decision-making contributes to the achievement of long-term organizational objectives.

  Red dragon fruit contains bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, flavonoids, and polyphenols that have antioxidant potential and possess natural pigments that can be used as cosmetic colorants. This study aims to formulate and evaluate a blush-on powder preparation from dragon fruit pulp extract as an alternative natural colorant. The evaluation includes organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, irritation, spreadability, fineness, moisture content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the formulation met most of the requirements, exhibiting a pink color, a smooth texture, no odor, homogeneity, a pH of 6 suitable for the skin, no irritation, even spreadability within 4 applications, a fineness degree of 97.6%, and a moisture content of 6.91%. Antioxidant activity showed an IC₅₀ value of 0.3036 ppm (very strong), although the relative inhibition percentage was low (18.35%). Thus, dragon fruit extract has the potential as a natural ingredient in blush-on powder that provides both color and antioxidant benefits.

This study examines the urgency of foreign nationals' (WNA) legal status and visa compliance in the vehicle rental business in Bali, as well as its impact on business disputes involving local entrepreneurs. The increasing number of international tourists visiting Bali has spurred the growth of vehicle rental services, yet it has also given rise to illegal practices by foreign nationals such as misuse of tourist visas for commercial purposes, tax evasion, and unfair business competition. This research adopts a normative juridical method using statute, conceptual, and case approaches, referring to key legal documents including Law No. 6 of 2011 on Immigration, Law No. 6 of 2023 on Manpower, Ministerial Regulation No. 21 of 2016, and Bali Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2016 on Tour Guiding. The findings highlight the vulnerability of rental contracts under Article 1548 of the Indonesian Civil Code, risks of breach of contract, and widespread violations of the Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) system, the penalties of which are imposed on rental owners. Nationality disparities and weak immigration oversight further undermine the effectiveness of law enforcement. This study concludes that legal protection for local business actors relies heavily on the legal clarity of WNA status, the appropriateness of 1 visa categories, and strong inter-agency coordination. The novelty of this research lies in integrating legal analysis of WNA legitimacy with a dispute resolution framework specific to the vehicle rental sector in Bali’s tourism landscape a perspective that has been largely overlooked in prior studies. The recommendations include strengthening rental contracts, enhancing coordinated supervisory mechanisms, and harmonizing civil and criminal law to establish a stronger deterrent effect.

this study aims to evaluate the impact of capacity building for village officials in Anjir Seberang Pasar I Village on the effectiveness of village administrative and financial management following the implementation of Law No. 6 of 2014. The primary focus of the study is to measure changes in the competencies of village officials before and after the implementation of technical guidance, as well as the use of the Village Financial System (Siskeudes) application and Internet Banking Business. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach, in which data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and the completion of pre-test and post-test questionnaires by respondents consisting of the Village Secretary, Kaur, and Kasi. The results of the study indicate a significant increase in three key variables: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude toward using. Quantitatively, the average validation score from respondents reached 4.53 (on a 5.0 scale), which falls into the “Agree” category regarding the system’s effectiveness. Based on data analysis, the success rate of capacity building for village officials was recorded at 29.23%, with a final understanding rate reaching 91.33%. These findings indicate that practice-oriented and participatory training is capable of improving the technical skills and accountability of village officials in managing digital-based government administration. The integration of Siskeudes and digital banking has proven to have a positive impact on a safer and more transparent payroll system at the village level.

The Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT-DD) is a social protection instrument designed to help low-income families meet their basic needs. However, its implementation often faces challenges such as targeting inaccuracies, limited data, and varying administrative capacity at the village level. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of BLT-DD using William N. Dunn’s six policy evaluation criteria through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, covering effectiveness, efficiency, equity, responsiveness, conceptual alignment, and implementation. The findings indicate that BLT-DD is fairly effective in helping households maintain consumption, yet its effectiveness and adequacy remain constrained by the amount of assistance and the quality of data collection. Program efficiency and responsiveness are relatively good in villages with sufficient governance capacity, while equity emerges as the weakest aspect due to inaccurate data verification. Conceptually, BLT-DD aligns with the needs of low-income communities, but implementation accuracy still requires reinforcement. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for more systematic monitoring mechanisms, cross-sectoral data integration, and administrative training for village officials to enhance service quality. Overall, BLT-DD provides valuable support but requires improvements in governance and data systems to optimize outcomes, including regular evaluation strategies and refinement of supporting regulations.

The search and booking of boarding houses (kost) remain a significant challenge for newcomers in campus areas, particularly in Kelurahan Samata, home to UIN Alauddin Makassar, which admits approximately 15,000 new students annually. Many of these students come from outside the region and require temporary accommodation near the campus. This issue is primarily caused by limited access to information and the lack of an optimal system to support the search and booking process. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the level of user acceptance of the developed system. This study aims to analyze user acceptance of a boarding house search and booking information system in the case of Kelurahan Samata using the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) method. UAT is a testing approach used to determine whether a system meets user requirements, is accepted according to expected standards, and to identify the need for further improvements to ensure its feasibility for use. The UAT was conducted by end users, namely boarding house seekers and property owners/managers, by responding to 10 evaluation indicators: (1) ease of search, (2) time efficiency, (3) booking process, (4) geospatial search features, (5) completeness of information, (6) availability of suitable boarding houses, (7) accuracy of information, (8) ease of payment process, (9) check-in scheduling, and (10) navigation features for directions. The results of the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) indicate that the system achieved an average score of 87.77, suggesting that the system is highly acceptable and significantly facilitates users. These findings demonstrate that the system is well received by users, confirming that it functions effectively and is capable of accommodating all required functionalities.

Although cryptographic security is often the main concern in e-voting system development, practical implementation failures are frequently associated with poor user interfaces that increase cognitive load and voting errors. This study evaluates the effectiveness of User-Centered Design (UCD) interventions in improving usability and voter confidence in an e-voting system. A one-group pretest-posttest design was applied to 36 respondents representing novice voters. Usability was measured using the System Usability Scale (SUS) before and after the interface redesign. The intervention focused on visual hierarchy, navigation consistency, status visibility, and error prevention. The results show a statistically significant improvement, with the mean SUS score increasing from 69.10 in the marginal category to 95.76 in the excellent category. The paired sample t-test produced t(35) = -7.3441 with p < 0.0001, while Cohen's d reached 1.2130, indicating a large practical effect. The standard deviation also decreased from 21.98 to 3.09, demonstrating a more consistent user experience. These findings indicate that interface optimization is essential for strengthening accessibility, voting accuracy, and user trust in digital democracy systems.

Ibuprofen is an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug classified as Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II, characterized by low water solubility and high permeability. Its limited solubility may reduce the dissolution rate and influence therapeutic effectiveness. This study aimed to formulate ibuprofen suppositories using cocoa butter (oleum cacao) as the suppository base through the melting method. Each suppository was prepared with a total weight of 2500 mg containing 125 mg ibuprofen, oleum cacao as the base, tween 80 as an emulsifier, and liquid paraffin as a mold lubricant. Before formulation, a displacement value test was performed to determine the exact amount of base required. The prepared suppositories were evaluated through organoleptic examination, weight uniformity, melting time, and dissolution testing. The evaluation results demonstrated that the suppositories possessed acceptable physical characteristics, uniform weight distribution, appropriate melting properties, and satisfactory dissolution behavior. Based on these findings, ibuprofen suppositories formulated with oleum cacao fulfilled pharmaceutical quality requirements in accordance with the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia standards.

Effervescent granules are a pharmaceutical dosage form that offer advantages in terms of ease of use, improved palatability, and rapid solubility in water. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical properties of vitamin C Effervescent granules using the dry granulation method. The main materials used included ascorbic acid as the active substance, citric acid and tartaric acid as acid sources, and sodium bicarbonate as the base source. Evaluation was carried out on organoleptic properties, flow properties, pH, angle of repose, moisture content, density, compressibility index, and dispersion time. The results showed that the granules met the requirements for organoleptic properties, pH (4–5), angle of repose (38.41°), compressibility index (12.3%), and dissolution time (49.62 seconds). However, the flow property (29.11 seconds) and moisture content (6.47%) did not meet the established standards. These findings indicate that the formulated granules met most of the evaluation parameters but still require optimization, particularly in the drying process and flow properties, to obtain a more stable and high-quality dosage form.

Sweet orange peel (Citrus x aurantium L.) is an agricultural by-product rich in bioactive compounds including flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and vitamin C with antioxidant and moisturizing potential. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a body lotion using 15% ethanol extract of sweet orange peel obtained by maceration with 96% ethanol. Evaluations included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability, viscosity, irritation, cycling test, cream type, and DPPH antioxidant activity assessments. The preparation was semisolid, yellow, with a characteristic herbal aroma, homogeneous, pH 8, adhesion time of 4.10 seconds, spreadability of 9.9–11.1 cm, and acceptable viscosity. The preparation caused no skin irritation, remained stable through six cycling test cycles, and formed an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. Antioxidant activity showed an IC₅₀ of 284.6 ppm (weak category) compared to vitamin C as positive control (IC₅₀ 4.2 ppm). It was concluded that ethanol extract of sweet orange peel can be formulated into a stable and safe body lotion, though further optimization is needed to enhance its antioxidant activity.

This study aims to examine the level of regional financial independence and various financial ratios in assessing the performance of regency and city governments in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) for the 2019–2024 period. The method employed is a descriptive qualitative approach supported by quantitative data in the form of Budget Realization Reports (LRA). Performance measurement was conducted through several key indicators, including independence, effectiveness, efficiency, and growth ratios. The results indicate that the level of fiscal independence remains relatively low, characterized by a high dependency on transfer funds from the central government. On the other hand, the effectiveness ratio shows good achievement, as most regions were able to meet their revenue targets, particularly from Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD). However, the efficiency of expenditure management remains uneven across regions. Furthermore, the revenue growth ratio shows fluctuations influenced by economic conditions, including the impact of the pandemic. Overall, regional financial performance still needs to be improved, especially in strengthening fiscal independence and optimizing PAD potential.

The Uninhabitable House Rehabilitation Program (RTLH) is a government policy aimed at improving the quality of housing for low-income communities while simultaneously supporting the acceleration of the eradication of extreme poverty. Although it has been implemented in various regions, the implementation of the RTLH program has shown varying achievements, thus requiring a comprehensive evaluation. This study aims to analyze the evaluation of the RTLH Program in Indonesia based on William N. Dunn's six policy evaluation indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of scientific articles discussing the evaluation of the RTLH Program in various regions. The analysis was conducted by reviewing previous research findings based on the six policy evaluation indicators. The results of the study indicate that the RTLH Program is able to improve the quality of community housing and has received a positive response from beneficiaries. However, its implementation still faces obstacles such as budget limitations, equal distribution of beneficiaries, and data updates. Therefore, strengthening funding, data collection, and coordination between stakeholders is needed for more optimal and sustainable program implementation.

This research is motivated by the negative impacts of production activities at a manufacturing company engaged in rubber processing, specifically at PTPN VII Unit Pematang Kiwah Natar, South Lampung. The factory's operations directly impact the environment, generating noise pollution, air pollution, unpleasant odors, and liquid waste. This situation requires the company to implement Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) to balance business sustainability with social and environmental responsibility. This is in line with Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies and PSAK 1 of 2021. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the suitability of the implementation of environmental management accounting at PTPN VII Uni ;t Pematang Kiwah Natar, South Lampung, based on the International Guidance Document IFAC 2005 and PSAK 1 of 2021. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. Primary and secondary data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research results show that the company has implemented environmental management accounting using PSAK 1 of 2021, where the company has fulfilled the identification, presentation, measurement, recognition, and disclosure stages using the 2022 sustainability report and the 2022 financial statements of PTPN VII. Furthermore, PTPN VII Unit Pematang Kiwah Natar, South Lampung, has classified environmental costs by allocating environmental costs based on the International Guidance Document IFAC 2005 and Ikhsan (2008). Therefore, PTPN VII Unit Pematang Kiwah Natar, South Lampung, has demonstrated its commitment to environmental regulatory compliance.

This study aims to evaluate the Quran Tahfidz program at Bahrul Hikmah Islamic Junior High School using the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model introduced by Stufflebeam. The findings of the research are as follows: First, the evaluation of the context aspect indicates that the program objectives have been comprehensively formulated. Data analysis confirms that the program implementation is well-aligned with the established goals, placing it in the 'good' category. Second, the evaluation of the input component reveals that the managerial competence of the administrators and the pedagogical capabilities of the educators have met the expected standards. Nevertheless, the infrastructure aspects require further optimization to foster a more conducive learning environment for students. Third, regarding the process aspect, the program implementation has generally achieved the targeted outcomes. However, observations identified obstacles predominantly stemming from students' internal factors; this implies the crucial role of teachers in integrating motivational stimuli as a preventive measure against declining learning enthusiasm. Fourth, the product evaluation shows that the daily memorization targets are generally achieved, although some students require remedial sessions. Ultimately, students are capable of completing the memorization of three juz within the three-year period.

This study aims to evaluate the level of user satisfaction with the user interface of the Academic Information System (SIAKAD) at Esa Unggul University using the End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) method. This method assesses user satisfaction based on five key dimensions: content, accuracy, format, ease of use, and timeliness. The study employed a quantitative descriptive approach by distributing questionnaires to active Esa Unggul University students as primary system users. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software to test validity, reliability, and the relationships between variables that influence user satisfaction with the SIAKAD interface. The results show that, in general, users are quite satisfied with the SIAKAD interface, particularly in the ease of use and accuracy dimensions, which obtained the highest scores. This indicates that usability and information accuracy are the dominant factors in creating a positive user experience. However, the timeliness and content dimensions still require further improvement, as they were rated as less optimal in providing fast and comprehensive information. These findings highlight the importance of an intuitive, efficient, and informative interface design in enhancing user satisfaction. This research is expected to serve as a reference for Esa Unggul University in developing and improving its Academic Information System to become more effective, efficient, and user-friendly. Evaluating user satisfaction through the EUCS approach provides valuable insights for system developers to refine the interface, improve information quality, and enhance system responsiveness. Thus, the results of this study are expected to contribute to improving academic service quality and supporting the digitalization of education at Esa Unggul University.

This study was motivated by the importance of the availability and quality of infrastructure as a major supporting factor for the comfort and smooth running of the lecture process at the postgraduate level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate educational facilities and infrastructure based on the perceptions of postgraduate students in the Islamic Education Study Program (PAI) using the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model. This research is an evaluative study with a qualitative approach, involving PAI graduate students as research subjects. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and field observations, then analyzed using the Question Discourse technique to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the students' experiences and assessments. The results show that students view facilities and infrastructure as important to very important in supporting the lecture process. In general, the facilities are considered adequate, but there are still limitations in the air conditioning system and internet network stability, which affect the comfort and effectiveness of learning. The implications of this study emphasize the need for continuous improvement in the quality, maintenance, and management of facilities and infrastructure to support the quality of PAI postgraduate education.

This study aims to examine the role of Computer-Assisted Audit Techniques (CAATs) in evaluating internal control within accounting information systems (AIS) to detect fraud in the expenditure cycle. The research employs a literature review method by analyzing five relevant studies selected based on publication criteria within the last ten years and a focus on technology-based auditing, internal control, and fraud. The findings indicate that CAATs, through features such as test data and parallel simulation, are effective in identifying system weaknesses, detecting transaction anomalies, and strengthening controls in the expenditure cycle. Fraud in this cycle is commonly caused by weak authorization, incomplete documentation, and expenditures conducted without proper procedures. CAATs address these challenges through data-driven and automated audit approaches. In conclusion, CAATs represent a strategic solution for enhancing monitoring accuracy, preventing fraud, and supporting organizational transparency and accountability in the digital era.

This study is motivated by the importance of systematic evaluation in ensuring the quality and effectiveness of the implementation of educational programs, particularly the Al-Qur'an Halaqah Program as a means of developing the ability to read and memorize the Al-Qur'an and shaping the religious character of female students. This study aims to identify the gap between the established standards and the actual implementation of the program using the Discrepancy Evaluation Model (DEM). The approach used is qualitative evaluative with five stages of evaluation, namely design, installation, process, product, and comparison. Data was obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed through the stages of data collection, processing, presentation, and conclusion drawing using triangulation techniques. The results showed that the design and installation stages met the standards, while in the process stage, a gap was found in the consistency of female student attendance. In the product stage, the success rate reached 93.48%, but there was still an imbalance in memorization achievement. The implication is that the program should be continued with strengthened attendance monitoring and individual mentoring strategies to improve the equity of outcomes and the sustainability of the program.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Tahsin Qur'an program at Ma'had Al-Jamiah IAIN Kendari using the Goal Free Evaluation model. This evaluation emphasizes tangible results without being tied to the initial objectives of the program. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the program has had a significant positive impact: participants showed improved reading ability in hijaiyah letters, mastery of basic tajweed, and increased self-confidence and spiritual closeness to the Quran. The high level of participant attendance and consistent enthusiasm for learning indicate active involvement in the learning process. The program has also proven to be able to create a conducive and sustainable learning community, even though it is run voluntarily without financial incentives. Several recommendations for development include the provision of advanced classes, improvement of learning materials, and increasing reach and wider support. This evaluation confirms that the andragogy-based tahsin learning approach is highly relevant for Quranic education for adults and deserves further development.