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The practice of dentists in Indonesia is an important concern in the health care system, especially regarding consumer protection. Dentists often provide services that exceed the limits of their authority, potentially endangering public health. This article aims to analyze the urgency of legal protection for consumers of health services in dental practices based on a normative perspective and the implementation of applicable regulations. This research uses normative juridical methods with statutory, conceptual and case approaches. The research results show that even though there are regulations such as Law no. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Minister of Health Regulation no. 39 of 2014, implementation is still less effective. This is caused by weak supervision, minimal public knowledge regarding consumer rights, and non-compliance by some dentists with regulations. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations, increase supervision by the government, and educate the public to realize optimal legal protection for consumers of health services.

The financial technology (fintech) industry in Indonesia has grown rapidly in recent years, having a significant impact on financial inclusion in the country. Fintech provides easier and faster access to financial services, especially for segments of society previously marginalized by the traditional banking system. Fintech services such as digital payments, online loans, and technology-based investments have expanded financial reach to communities in remote areas, MSMEs, and individuals with limited access to conventional banking services. However, with the rapid growth of fintech, challenges arise related to regulation and consumer protection. Inadequate regulation can lead to security risks, legal uncertainty, and potential abuse in digital financial services. Therefore, the Indonesian government has implemented various policies to regulate and supervise the fintech industry, such as the establishment of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI) as the main supervisors. This study aims to analyze the impact of fintech developments on financial inclusion in Indonesia and evaluate the effectiveness of existing regulations in protecting consumers and encouraging the growth of the fintech sector. The results of this research show that although fintech has the potential to significantly increase financial inclusion, more comprehensive regulations and strict law enforcement are needed to ensure that the benefits of fintech can be felt evenly and safely by all levels of society.

Development of the era in field of trade and industry has led increasingly advanced and innovative products and services created and used by the community. In the era of free trade, export and import opportunities are wide open and have an impact on the entry of products legally or illegally. This study aims to determine the reasons why consumers/victims of the use of cosmetics containing hazardous materials are reluctant to report to BPOM and to determine the form of legal protection for consumers who are harmed due to using cosmetics containing hazardous materials reviewed from Law No. 08 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Aspects that influence consumers not to report cosmetic brands using hazardous materials to BPOM are, consumer reluctance to use cosmetics with hazardous materials comes from combination of individual health problems, increased knowledge and awareness, ethical considerations, trust in regulations, and the influence of social and environmental factors. The circulation of cosmetic products containing hazardous materials will harm consumers, in this case business actors have certainly violated the Consumer Protection Law. These forms of legal protection create a just and orderly society by balancing individual freedom with the need for regulation and protection against various potential losses.

This research aims to analyze consumer protection in e-commerce in Indonesia, focusing on the obstacles in implementing consumer protection regulations in e-commerce in Indonesia. It also aims to analyze and evaluate the challenges related to compliance and oversight in the application of consumer protection regulations. In the digital era, e-commerce transactions have rapidly evolved, but this has also led to various consumer protection issues, such as fraud and a lack of transparency. For that reason, appropriate regulations are needed to protect consumers. This research employs a normative-descriptive research method, utilizing both the statute approach and the conceptual approach. The author uses the statute approach to analyze the applicable laws related to e-commerce and consumer protection, while the conceptual approach is used to explore the ideal concept of consumer protection in the context of digital transactions. The research results indicate that although regulations related to e-commerce are in place, the main challenge lies in the less-than-optimal implementation and oversight. Obstacles such as a lack of human resources and monitoring technology, as well as the complexity of cross-border jurisdictions, are factors that complicate effective consumer protection. Therefore, there is a need for efforts to improve legal infrastructure and stricter oversight to ensure that consumer rights are protected within the e-commerce ecosystem in Indonesia.

The purpose of this legal counseling is to increase public understanding  of the aspects of pawn law and pawn business in realizing legal protection for consumers. The method used in community service uses a directed discussion method, starting with the provision of material followed by discussion and question and answer directly through the Legal Core Program.  This legal counseling is carried out with the target audience of the people of Bandung City and its surroundings. The results of this community service show that understanding of the legal aspects of pawning and pawning business increases public awareness and knowledge about the legal aspects of pawning and pawning business in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations. Legal protection for society and consumers both preventively and repressively

This study provides a comparative analysis of the regulatory frameworks governing Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services across ten ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Laos, Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Cambodia. As BNPL services rapidly expand throughout the region, understanding the diverse regulatory landscapes and their implications becomes increasingly critical for fostering financial stability, consumer protection, and innovation in the digital financial ecosystem.  Utilizing a literature review methodology, the research examines existing regulations, legal frameworks, and market trends, assessing their impact on financial stability, consumer protection, and fintech innovation.  Singapore is identified as the leader in regulatory practices, effectively balancing fintech innovation with stringent consumer protection. Indonesia and Malaysia emphasize financial inclusion and systemic risk management, with Indonesia's framework focusing on transparency and financial literacy. Thailand and the Philippines are refining their frameworks, while Myanmar, Laos, Brunei, Vietnam and Cambodia are still developing their regulatory approaches. BNPL services, driven by growing e-commerce and fintech ecosystems, offer significant opportunities for financial inclusion but also pose challenges related to over-indebtedness, credit risk, and data protection. The analysis emphasizes that while BNPL presents significant opportunities for financial inclusion and fintech innovation, effective regulation is critical to ensuring sustainable growth and protecting consumers from debt traps and financial instability.

This study aims to (1) find out the role of business actors in making misleading promotions according to Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, and (2) to find out the legal protection for consumers in Kupang City against misleading information provided by business actors through product promotion based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. This study uses an empirical judiciary method using primary data and secondary data. The results of the study show that (1) The role of business actors in making misleading advertising promotions is depicted in practices such as false advertising, deceptive practices, and fraudulent advertising. Business actors have a role in creating advertisements that do not match reality, providing incorrect information, and manipulating consumers to make purchase decisions without correct information. The impact includes harming consumers, damaging market integrity, and potentially harming the overall business image. Mistakes in this kind of marketing practice not only violate consumer protection laws, but can also shake consumer trust and affect market fairness and integrity, and (2) In the face of misleading information from business actors through product promotion in Kupang City, legal protection for consumers is essential, especially with reference to Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. This law provides a legal basis to protect consumers from dishonest and harmful advertising practices. By emphasizing principles such as benefits, fairness, balance, security, consumer safety, and legal certainty, the Act creates a foundation for consumer protection.

Economic law is a branch of law focused on regulating and overseeing economic activities, encompassing various fields such as corporate law, international trade, investment, competition, and consumer protection. In the era of globalization, the role of economic law becomes increasingly critical in creating economic stability and justice among nations. This study aims to analyze the role of economic law in regulating global economic activities, identify challenges and opportunities in its implementation, and provide policy recommendations to strengthen the application of economic law in various countries. Using a qualitative approach with document analysis methods, this research finds that power imbalances, transparency, corruption, and adaptation to technological changes are the main challenges in the implementation of economic law. However, opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of economic law exist through the strengthening of legal institutions, increased international cooperation, and the adoption of new technologies. The ASEAN case study shows that regional cooperation and free trade agreements can create a more open and competitive economic environment, despite ongoing challenges. This study concludes that economic law plays a crucial role in regulating and overseeing global economic activities and provides policy recommendations to improve its effectiveness.

In the era of globalization, financial technology (fintech) has enabled society to access financial services quickly and efficiently. However, the emergence of illegal Fintech presents risks to consumers, such as financial losses and privacy breaches. Legal protection for victims of illegal fintech practices is important to ensure the safety and rights of consumers. This study aims to identify the legal consequences of illegal P2PL Fintech and evaluate legal protection for victims in the context of the case study Decision Number 3115 K/PDT/2021. The study uses a normative juridical method by analyzing relevant legal texts, such as laws, regulations, and court decisions. The results show that the legal consequences of illegal Fintech include law enforcement actions, compensation for victims, regulatory prevention efforts, and improved consumer protection. Victims of illegal Fintech practices receive legal protection from existing regulations and law enforcement. Court decisions, such as Decision Study Number 3115 K/PDT/2021, serve as important legal precedents in addressing these illegal practices. Thus, this research provides a better understanding of consumer protection in illegal fintech practices and emphasizes the importance of strict regulations and effective law enforcement in maintaining the integrity of the fintech industry and public trust.

Medical tourism has become a significant global phenomenon in recent years, including in Indonesia. This article examines the opportunities and challenges associated with the medical tourism industry from a legal perspective in Indonesia. With the rapid growth of the healthcare sector in the country, more and more international tourists are seeking high-quality medical care while enjoying tourism attractions. However, amidst promising opportunities, complex legal challenges also arise. This journal outlines the legal framework that regulates medical tourism in Indonesia and analyzes its impact on various aspects, such as health regulations, patient rights, medical responsibilities, and consumer protection. In addition, this article discusses issues such as medical service standards, accreditation of health facilities, and the qualifications of foreign medical personnel entering Indonesia. In this context, legal aspects related to licensing, residence permits, and legal action against questionable medical practices become an important focus. Although medical tourism offers great economic potential, this article also highlights challenges that must be overcome, such as gaps in regulatory implementation, protection of foreign patients, and legal risks for health facilities and medical practitioners. An in-depth analysis of legal opportunities and challenges in medical tourism in Indonesia can provide insight for policy makers, legal practitioners and relevant stakeholders to develop a balanced and sustainable framework for advancing this sector.