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This study aims to describe the production process, business strategy, and product offerings of the COSIK chocolate factory located in Maumere, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The COSIK chocolate factory utilizes local raw materials, such as cocoa beans, obtained directly from local farmers, and implements a processing process without the use of chemical preservatives. This approach not only increases the added value of local products but also supports community economic empowerment through partnerships with cocoa farmers in the region. Furthermore, the use of simple yet modern technology enables a hygienic production process that meets quality standards. The results show that the COSIK chocolate factory contributes to improving the quality of local cocoa, developing innovative products based on natural ingredients, and strengthening the region's identity as a producer of quality chocolate. Thus, COSIK serves not only as a production unit but also as a sustainable business model that integrates environmental, social, and economic aspects in a food processing industry based on local resources.

This study aims to describe the production process, business strategy, and product offerings of the COSIK chocolate factory located in Maumere, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The COSIK chocolate factory utilizes local raw materials, such as cocoa beans, obtained directly from local farmers, and implements a processing process without the use of chemical preservatives. This approach not only increases the added value of local products but also supports community economic empowerment through partnerships with cocoa farmers in the region. Furthermore, the use of simple yet modern technology enables a hygienic production process that meets quality standards. The results show that the COSIK chocolate factory contributes to improving the quality of local cocoa, developing innovative products based on natural ingredients, and strengthening the region's identity as a producer of quality chocolate. Thus, COSIK serves not only as a production unit but also as a sustainable business model that integrates environmental, social, and economic aspects in a food processing industry based on local resources.

Cocoa farming is one of the plantation subsectors that plays a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy, as it contributes to increasing farmers’ income, national exports, and the development of the chocolate processing industry. Indonesia is recognized as one of the world’s largest cocoa producers, with major production areas located in Sulawesi, particularly South Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi. However, the sustainability of cocoa farming still faces various challenges, such as low crop productivity, the use of low-quality seedlings, suboptimal cultivation techniques, and the presence of pests and plant diseases. In addition, limited access to capital and the low level of farmers’ financial management skills also affect the sustainability of cocoa farming. Many farmers do not yet have proper farm financial record-keeping systems, making it difficult to manage production costs, cash flow, and farm capital planning. In this context, financial literacy becomes an important factor that can help farmers manage their farming activities more effectively and sustainably. This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy on the sustainability of cocoa farming and farmers’ welfare. The research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method involving 120 cocoa farmers in Sidenreng Rappang Regency (Sidrap), South Sulawesi. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on farm financial management and the sustainability of agricultural businesses. Farmers with higher levels of financial literacy tend to manage farm capital more effectively, maintain proper financial records, and improve farm productivity. Therefore, improving financial literacy can become

This research aims to create batik tulis motifs with inspiration from three main plantation commodities in North Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra, namely palm oil, rubber, and cocoa. These three plants are not only economically important, but also have philosophical values that can be raised as visual and cultural wealth in the form of batik motifs. The method used in the creation of the work consists of three stages, namely exploration, design, and realization. Exploration is done through literature study, direct observation, and visual documentation of the morphology of the three plants. The design stage involved the stilation and deformation of the plant forms into batik motif designs. Furthermore, the realization stage was carried out using the written batik technique using canting on mori cloth. The research resulted in 12 written batik works that combine elements of aesthetics, philosophy of life, and the locality value of the Labuhanbatu Utara community. This research is expected to enrich the repertoire of contemporary batik design while supporting cultural preservation and the development of local wisdom-based creative industries.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) at various concentrations on the growth of cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.). The research was conducted at PTPN I Regional 5, Kendenglembu Plantation, Banyuwangi, for four months using a Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments: P0 (control), P1 (10 mL/L), P2 (20 mL/L), P3 (30 mL/L), and P4 (40 mL/L). Growth parameters observed included plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves up to 12 Weeks After Planting (WAP). ANOVA analysis showed no statistically significant effect of the treatments on any parameter. However, descriptive data indicated that concentrations of 20–30 mL/L tended to produce better growth: P2 (31.25 cm) had the highest plant height, P3 (6.93 mm) the highest stem diameter, and P1 (12 leaves) the most leaves. Chitosan potentially acts as a plant growth stimulator by increasing nitrogen availability and enhancing physiological processes such as photosynthesis. In contrast, a high concentration (40 mL/L) exhibited inhibitory effects. Although the differences were not statistically significant, concentrations of 20–30 mL/L could be recommended for practical application. The lack of significant results may be attributed to suboptimal concentrations, application frequency, or environmental conditions. Further studies are recommended to modify treatments and assess additional parameters such as biomass, root development, and leaf area to better understand the efficacy of chitosan fertilizer in cocoa seedling growth.

Aceh’s economy has long been dominated by the oil and gas sector, particularly LNG Arun exports, which contributed more than 40% of regional GDP (GRDP) in the early observation period. However, declining production after 2014 drastically reduced its share to below 20%, and in recent years, to only around 10–12%. This study aims to analyze the contribution of oil and gas (migas) and non-oil and gas (nonmigas) exports to Aceh’s economy and to assess the potential of export diversification as a sustainable development strategy. The research employs a quantitative approach using secondary time series data from 2007–2021 obtained from BPS, Bank Indonesia, and other official sources. Data were analyzed descriptively and through simple econometric models, including OLS regression and cointegration tests. The findings reveal that oil and gas exports are significant in the short term but have weakened in the long term. In contrast, non-oil and gas exports, although relatively small, exhibit stable growth and demonstrate a long-term relationship with GRDP. These results underscore the importance of diversifying exports towards nonmigas commodities, particularly coffee, cocoa, rubber, and fisheries. The practical implication is the urgent need for Aceh’s development strategy to shift from oil and gas dependence towards globally competitive nonmigas industrialization

The demand for chocolate continues to increase along with high public consumption. One of the main components in chocolate formulation is fat, which generally comes from cocoa butter. However, the availability of cocoa butter is limited and the price is relatively high, so a more economical and easily obtained substitute material is needed locally to support the sustainability of the chocolate industry. This study aims to examine the potential of palm oil fractions, especially palm stearin and olein, as a partial substitute for cocoa butter (Cocoa Butter Substitute/CBS) in chocolate formulations. The study was conducted through a literature review of scientific journals published in the last 10 years, which included chemical, physical, and sensory analysis data on palm oil-based chocolate products. The results of the study showed that stearin increased the melting point and firmness of the product, while olein produced a softer texture and a smoother melting sensation. Sensorially, olein-based formulations showed a higher level of acceptance than stearin, especially in color, aroma, taste, and texture attributes. In addition, palm oil fractions do not produce trans fats, and are able to maintain the balance of solid and liquid fats, while supporting the stability of the product emulsion. This study shows that palm oil fractions, especially through the right combination of stearin and olein, have great potential as a substitute for cocoa butter without reducing physical or sensory quality, thus supporting the sustainability of chocolate production in the future.

This study aims to analyze the level of attack by Macaca hecki on cultivated plants in Makarti Jaya Village, Pohuwato, Gorontalo. Agriculture is the main source of income for the local community, but the presence of Macaca hecki can threaten agricultural yields. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with data collected through direct observation and interviews with farmers experiencing the attacks. The results indicate that corn (Zea mays) is the most consumed plant by Macaca hecki, followed by cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and several other types of fruit such as bananas and papayas. The high consumption rates of these cultivated plants negatively impact agricultural results, causing significant economic losses for farmers. Therefore, it is important to understand the attack patterns and the factors influencing the behavior of Macaca hecki. This research recommends the need for more effective protection strategies, such as the placement of physical barriers and diversification of plant types. Thus, it is hoped that this study can contribute to the management of conflicts between wildlife and agriculture, as well as enhance the economic sustainability of farming communities.

Introduction: Cocoa farmers are prone to experiencing neck muscle pain due to repetitive physical activities with prolonged duration. Neck muscle pain can reduce productivity and quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the effect of static stretching exercises on reducing neck muscle pain among cocoa farmers in Candikusuma Village. Methods: This research used a pre-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling with a total of 62 respondents. The static stretching exercise intervention was conducted for 1 week with a frequency of 2 sessions and a duration of 30 minutes per session. The research instrument used the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Results: Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, resulting in a p-value of 0.001 (p<0.05), indicating a significant effect of static stretching exercises on reducing neck muscle pain among cocoa farmers. Discussion: Static stretching exercises can be recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy to reduce neck muscle pain in the cocoa farmer population.    

Antutan Village faces soil fertility problems due to high acidity caused by the intensive use of chemical fertilizers without being balanced with organic matter. This has resulted in low agricultural productivity, especially in rice and cocoa crops. As an alternative solution that is environmentally friendly and economical, Jadam Liquid Fertilizer (JLF) was introduced to farmers through socialization and demonstration activities. This activity aims to increase farmers' understanding of the benefits of organic fertilizer in improving soil fertility and provide skills in the manufacture and application of JLF independently. The method used in this activity includes the delivery of material on the negative impact of excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the importance of microorganisms in the soil, and the technique of making JLF using local materials such as weeds, rice straw, and banana stump. Live demonstrations were conducted to show the fermentation process as well as how to apply JLF on farmland. Farmers were given the opportunity to actively participate in every stage of JLF production and application.The results showed a positive response from farmers who were interested in adopting this technology as an alternative to organic fertilizer. With this socialization and demonstration, it is expected that farmers can reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers and improve soil fertility in a sustainable manner. The application of JLF is expected to be the first step in the development of sustainable agriculture in Antutan Village.

Ready-to-drink (RTD) chocolate beverages are increasingly popular, yet traditional formulations often contain dairy components while some consumers are lactose intolerance. The primary challenges in RTD chocolate beverages include achieving acceptable flavor profiles and managing cocoa powder precipitation. This study aimed to formulate a non-dairy ready-to-drink chocolate beverage using a hedonic test and  enhance its physical stability through varied xanthan gum concentrations applying Completely Randomized Design (CRD).A hedonic test involving 30 untrained respondents determined the most preferred formula with the highest preference level (3.7), which consisted of 40% local cocoa powder from Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, 15% commercial cocoa powder, and 45% castor sugar. Stability analysis involved incorporating xanthan gum at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2% (w/v). Results demonstrated that 0.2% xanthan gum concentration yielded the highest viscosity (98 N.s/m²), significantly differing from the control. The lowest precipitation was observed at 0.2% concentration (p-value 0.048). Particle size analysis revealed progressive reduction from 21 μm to 5 μm with increasing xanthan gum concentration. The study conclusively identified 0.2% (w/v) xanthan gum as the most effective concentration for improving chocolate beverage stability, offering a promising approach for developing innovative, dairy-free RTD products.

The aim of this research is to find out what factors influence farmers to convert cocoa plantation land into oil palm plantations in Tinondo District, East Kolaka Regency. The sample used was 32 farmers. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. The research results can be concluded that the factors that cause the conversion of cocoa land to oil palm are the area of ​​cocoa land, farming experience, environmental factors and regulatory factors. Partially using the t test, cocoa land area with a significant value of 0.000, farming experience with a significant value of 0.000, environmental factors with a significant value of 0.025 and regulatory factors with a significant value of 0.000 in the positive direction and the calculated t value is greater than the t table shows that these variables has a significant influence and is the cause of farmers converting cocoa land into oil palm.

This study aims to analyze the potential of local wisdom-based creative economy in Soaib Village, Kemtuk District, Jayapura Regency. Soaib Village has cultural wealth and abundant natural resources, including organic cocoa and orchids, which make it potential to be developed into a sustainable creative economy sector. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using the SWOT method, explanatory analysis, and Geographic Information System (GIS) to map the potential of existing resources. The results showed that organic cocoa and orchids are leading sectors that can be the driving force of the local economy. However, there are significant challenges, such as limited infrastructure, lack of technical training, cocoa pests, and limited market access. Support from organizations such as WWF in providing training and mentoring has had a positive impact, especially in improving community skills related to forest product management and orchid cultivation. The SWOT analysis revealed several key factors: (1) strengths in the form of natural resources and active community participation; (2) weaknesses in the form of lack of infrastructure and capital; (3) opportunities in the form of global demand for organic products and government support; and (4) threats in the form of climate change and competition from other regions. With more structured and inclusive management, this potential can be maximized to support sustainable economic development. This research emphasizes the importance of local wisdom as a foundation in creative economic development, while maintaining environmental sustainability. The resulting strategic recommendations include improving infrastructure, strengthening technical training, strengthening local institutions, and promoting awareness about the importance of sustainability. With these steps, Soaib Village is expected to become an example of successful management of local wisdom-based creative economy that can be replicated in other areas.

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a plantation crop that produces cocoa shell waste, and is an alternative as compost fertilizer. Water spinach is a type of vegetable that is widely consumed, but its productivity has decreased. It is necessary to increase plant production by providing additional nutrients by using cocoa shell waste as fertilizer. This research aims to determine the effect of cocoa shell waste compost on the growth of land kale plants. Research methods, namely (RAK); 5 treatments and 4 replications consisting of; P0(control), P1(100gr/polybag), P2(200gr/polybag), P3(300gr/polybag), and P4(400gr/polybag. Parameters observed for growth included; plant stem height, number of leaves and wet weight, then The data was tested using (ANOVA) and continued with the test (BNT) with a level of 5%. The results of the ANOVA test showed that the height growth of land kale plants in the treatment had a very significant effect on the 200g dose of fertilizer where Fcount>Ftable (11.7>3.11) while the group did not have a significant effect where Fcount <Ftable (0.39 < 3.11). significant where Fcount < Ftable (1.83 < 3.11) as well as in groups where Fcount < Ftable (2.1 < 3.11), and the highest wet weight was in treatment P2, namely 5 gr. Providing cocoa shell compost fertilizer at a concentration of 200 gr gave the best results in all observed parameters.