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The rapid growth of digital technology and social media has reshaped communication practices, consumer behavior, and marketing approaches, particularly among Generation Z, who are widely recognized as digital natives. For this generation, social media serves as a major channel for obtaining information and exploring product references before making purchase decisions. In this environment, influencer marketing has emerged as a prominent promotional approach because it can foster audience interaction, emotional connection, and trust more effectively than conventional advertising. This study examines the role of influencer marketing in shaping the digital behavior of Generation Z in Indonesia. A qualitative literature review method was employed by analyzing secondary sources drawn from academic journals, books, and related publications. The findings indicate that influencer marketing has a meaningful influence on information-seeking behavior, decision-making processes, and the level of digital engagement among Generation Z. Influencers are commonly viewed as more credible, relatable, and authentic sources of information. Furthermore, the effectiveness of influencer marketing is determined more by credibility, authenticity, and the quality of interaction than by follower count alone. These findings suggest that companies should adopt digital marketing strategies that are more interactive, personalized, and relationship-oriented in order to engage Generation Z more effectively.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of information technology in improving the quality of public services. The research method used is library research by collecting and analyzing various scientific sources, such as journals, books, research articles, and government documents related to information technology and public services. The results show that the implementation of information technology through online service systems, official websites, and administrative information systems is able to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of public services. Information technology also helps accelerate administrative processes, reduce data management errors, increase employee productivity, and strengthen communication between the government and the community. In addition, the implementation of information technology supports the realization of e-government and good governance through increased accountability and information transparency. However, the implementation of information technology still faces several challenges, such as limited human resources, inadequate technological infrastructure, unstable internet connections, and the low ability of some communities to use digital services. Therefore, it is necessary to improve employee competencies, develop technological infrastructure, and conduct public socialization to optimize the implementation of information technology in public services. Overall, information technology has proven to be a strategic solution in creating modern, effective, efficient, transparent, and community-oriented public services.

This study aims to examine the role of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers in shaping students’ Islamic character through a character education approach. The research employs a qualitative method with a library research design by reviewing various literature sources, including books, journal articles, and relevant previous studies. The findings indicate that Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers play a strategic role as educators, mentors, role models, facilitators, and guides in instilling Islamic character values in students from an early age. These values include honesty, discipline, responsibility, patience, empathy, humility, gratitude, mutual respect, cooperation, and obedience to Islamic teachings. The formation of Islamic character is carried out through classroom learning activities, daily habituation, exemplary behavior demonstrated by teachers, and various religious programs integrated into school life, such as congregational prayers, Qur’an recitation, and Islamic celebrations. In addition, teachers collaborate with parents and the school environment to create a consistent and supportive atmosphere for character development. The study concludes that the success of Islamic character education at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah level is strongly influenced by the consistency, commitment, and quality of teachers’ roles in carrying out their educational responsibilities and serving as positive examples for students in everyday life.

This study aims to analyze the role of teachers’ personality competence in shaping students’ learning environments through a literature review approach. Personality competence reflects teachers’ stable, mature, and authoritative character, enabling them to serve as role models for students and influencing the creation of a conducive learning environment both psychologically and socially. The method used is a literature review by analyzing various sources such as books, academic journals, and relevant official documents. The results show that teachers with positive personality traits are able to build harmonious relationships, create a comfortable classroom atmosphere, and enhance students’ learning motivation. Therefore, teachers’ personality competence is an important factor in supporting the quality of the learning environment and the success of the learning process. In addition, findings from various studies indicate that personality competence not only affects classroom interactions but also contributes to the development of students’ attitudes, discipline, and emotional stability. Teachers who demonstrate consistency, empathy, and integrity tend to foster a sense of trust and respect among students, which further strengthens classroom engagement. Moreover, a positive teacher personality helps reduce learning barriers such as anxiety, lack of confidence, and lack of participation in classroom activities. In the context of modern education, where student-centered learning is increasingly emphasized, teachers’ personality competence becomes even more essential in facilitating active learning and meaningful student involvement. Thus, strengthening teachers’ personality competence through training, reflective practice, and continuous professional development is crucial to improving overall educational quality and achieving optimal learning outcomes.

Public health is an important indicator of the success of regional development and the quality of public services. Local governments play a strategic role in the provision of healthcare services through adaptive, effective, and community-oriented policies. This study aims to analyze local government policies in addressing public health issues through a literature review approach. The research method employed a literature study by examining scientific journals, laws and regulations, books, and policy documents related to regional health policies in Indonesia. The findings indicate that regional health policies are influenced by decentralization, fiscal capacity, the quality of governance, and inter-institutional synergy. Policy implementation continues to face several challenges, including limited budgets, low quality of healthcare human resources, unequal access to healthcare services, and weak intersectoral coordination. However, public service innovation and the strengthening of good governance have proven effective in improving healthcare service delivery. This study emphasizes that the success of regional health policies is determined by government commitment, community participation, integration between central and local policies, institutional strengthening, budget optimization, and service innovations based on community needs.

The rapid transformation of education driven by globalization and technological advancement demands adaptive learning approaches that align with the characteristics of Generation Z learners. This generation is known for its curiosity, independence in thinking, and openness to diverse perspectives, yet it is also vulnerable to misinformation and negative online influences. Within the context of Islamic education, learning is not solely oriented toward cognitive development but also emphasizes the cultivation of moral values, particularly tolerance. This study aims to explore how contextual teaching methods can contribute to fostering tolerant attitudes among Generation Z students in Islamic educational settings. The research employs a qualitative approach through library research, utilizing a descriptive-analytical framework. Data were collected from various sources, including academic journals, books, and previous studies related to contextual learning, multicultural education, and Generation Z characteristics. The data collection technique involved document analysis, followed by content analysis procedures such as data reduction, categorization, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that contextual learning effectively promotes tolerance by engaging students in discussion, problem-solving, reflection, and real-life experiences. The integration of multicultural values and the role of teachers as facilitators and role models further strengthen this process. However, challenges remain, including limited teacher understanding, the persistence of conventional methods, inadequate supporting facilities, and the influence of social media. Overall, contextual learning presents a relevant strategy for developing open-minded, balanced, and socially adaptive Generation Z learners.

This study examines public service inefficiency in Indonesia during the digital era and its implications for achieving governmental organizational goals. Digital transformation through the implementation of e-government and technology-based public services is expected to improve effectiveness, transparency, and service quality. However, several challenges remain, including weak system integration, rigid and hierarchical bureaucratic structures, limited human resource competencies, lack of sustainable service innovation, and inadequate supervision mechanisms. This research employs a literature study method with a descriptive-qualitative approach by analyzing various academic sources such as journals, books, and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that digitalization has not fully reduced inefficiency due to structural barriers, organizational behavior issues, and the lack of an adaptive work culture. Therefore, strengthening human resource competencies, improving digital system integration, encouraging continuous service innovation, and enhancing supervision are necessary to ensure that digital public services effectively support the achievement of organizational goals.

Early marriage is a social phenomenon that remains prevalent in Indonesia and gives rise to various problems in family life. This article aims to analyze the implications of early marriage in light of the Code of Canon Law (CCL) Nos. 1055 and 1056 in the context of Catholic couples. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through a literature review of books, scientific journals, and Church documents. The findings indicate that the CIC affirms marriage as a sacred covenant between a man and a woman oriented toward the bonum coniugum (the good of the couple), openness to children, and characterized by unity and indissolubility. In the context of early marriage, various implications were identified, such as emotional immaturity that triggers domestic conflicts, a high risk of divorce, low levels of education, and impacts on the health of mothers and children. Additionally, early marriage also indicates a weak understanding of the sacramental dimension and family responsibilities, including childrearing. Thus, CIC Nos. 1055 and 1056 provide an important normative foundation that marriage requires human, spiritual, and social maturity for the realization of a wholesome and prosperous Catholic family.

dishonorable Discharge (PTDH) is the most severe administrative sanction for Civil Servants (PNS) proven to have committed corruption. This study aims to analyze the implementation of PTDH for corrupt civil servants and identify the obstacles in its execution. Using a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches, this study examines the effectiveness of PTDH through Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal System Theory, which includes legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture. The results show that, in terms of substance, the PTDH norm is strictly regulated in Government Regulation Number 17 of 2020. However, its implementation faces juridical, administrative, institutional, and socio-political obstacles, as reflected in the case of the delayed execution of PTDH for five civil servants in Mukomuko Regency. This phenomenon proves the existence of a gap between law in the books and law in action. Friedman's perspective explains that the failure of PTDH is caused by weaknesses in the legal structure (apparatus/executing institutions) and legal culture (integrity/ethics of the apparatus). This study concludes that the effectiveness of PTDH can only be achieved through synergy between firm legal substance, professional legal structure, and a legal culture that upholds the integrity of state apparatus.

This study examines the meaning of eschatology in the teachings of the Catholic Church as a source of hope and comfort for the faithful. The eschatological meaning of comfort and hope is rooted in the belief that human life is not completed in limitations, suffering, and death at this time, but leads to the fulfillment of God's promise of life with Him. This research uses a qualitative method through literature study by analyzing church documents, theological thoughts and execes from books and articles to compile and present the topic of this research. The results show that the principle of eschatology is rooted in belief in the resurrection of Jesus Christ, and that it affirms the promise of eternal life and provides comfort and hope over suffering and death. The teachings of death, judgment, and eternal life are the basis of hope as well as comfort for the people in facing the various crises of life. In addition, eschatology is also relevant in today's life because it encourages people to live in love, justice, and moral responsibility as a manifestation of faith.  

Group-based learning in the classroom plays a vital role in enhancing social interaction, individual responsibility, as well as students' critical thinking and collaborative skills. However, its implementation often faces challenges such as the dominance of certain members, social loafing, low participation, and interpersonal conflicts that hinder group effectiveness. This study aims to comprehensively examine the dynamics of learning groups by integrating four key aspects: the concept of group dynamics based on the Tuckman model, the characteristics of effective groups in cooperative learning, group formation techniques, and conflict management strategies. The research utilizes a qualitative approach with a literature study method, analyzing 25 sources including nationally accredited journals, academic books, and theses published between 2020 and 2024. Data analysis was conducted through reduction, thematic classification, content analysis, and conceptual synthesis. The results indicate that effective group dynamics can be achieved through the Tuckman stages, the application of the five elements of cooperative learning, the selection of appropriate group formation techniques with risk mitigation, and the implementation of the Thomas-Kilmann conflict management styles.The scientific contribution of this research is the development of an integrative model based on these four aspects, which serves as a conceptual framework to strengthen collaborative learning practices in the classroom. Practical implications include the formation of ideal groups consisting of 4–5 students, the establishment of initial group contracts, the use of dual assessment rubrics (individual and group), and peer evaluation mechanisms to enhance accountability and reflection.

The need for housing is increasingly pressing with population growth and urbanization, while affordability remains a challenge for single-income households. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the impact of price also location on home purchase decisions using a literature review. This approach involves reviewing, analyzing, and synthesizing various relevant literature sources, such as scientific journals, books, undergraduate theses, also previous investigation reports that discuss factors influencing home purchase decisions. The study concludes that price plays a positive also significant role in home purchase decisions, as consumers prefer homes with prices commensurate with their purchasing power and the quality offered. Location has also been shown to influence decisions, particularly when housing is conveniently situated at a key location  and the availability of public facilities. However, certain studies indicate that price and location are not always the primary determinants of decision-making, as other variables such as promotion, brand image, product quality, and lifestyle also play a role.

Narcotics abuse is no longer considered a victimless crime, but rather an offense that claims numerous victims and inflicts a prolonged catastrophe upon humanity. Furthermore, an emerging challenge is narcotics cases committed by recidivists, namely individuals who re-offend after having been previously convicted and sentenced. Recidivist status raises juridical issues, as it constitutes grounds for the aggravation of criminal penalties. The objective is to ensure that the imposition of criminal sentences effectively provides a deterrent effect and precludes the offender from repeating the same criminal offense. The existence of narcotics abuser recidivists also creates a distinct dilemma for Law Enforcement Officials. Judges are mandated to impose fair and proportionate sentences in accordance with statutory regulations. The recidivist status of a narcotics abuser frequently serves as a justification for Law Enforcement Officials to bypass the integrated assessment required for rehabilitation. This research utilizes a normative legal research method, employing statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials used consist of primary legal materials, taking the form of statutory regulations and court decisions, as well as secondary legal materials, comprising legal books and journals, which are analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method. The research findings indicate that recidivists may obtain rehabilitation even in the absence of an assessment. This research concludes that the objectives of sentencing, in addition to providing a deterrent effect, aim to cure or at least restore the offender's condition through rehabilitation; however, guidelines or jurisprudence are required to ensure legal certainty and consistency of application in the future.

Technological advancements and the rapid growth of globalization have fundamentally changed the way organizations conduct business activities, creating increasingly complex challenges and opportunities in both local and international markets. Organizations are now required to adapt quickly to changing consumer preferences, technological innovation, market competition, and economic uncertainty. In this environment, economics, management, and accounting have become three essential disciplines that play a crucial role in determining organizational effectiveness and long-term sustainability. Economics helps organizations understand market behavior, pricing strategies, supply and demand conditions, and macroeconomic factors that influence business performance. Management focuses on planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to ensure operational efficiency and goal achievement. Accounting provides reliable financial information through systematic recording, reporting, and analysis of transactions, enabling organizations to evaluate performance and maintain accountability. This study aims to analyze the relationship between these three disciplines in supporting organizational decision-making processes and improving overall performance. The research employs a literature review method by examining various recent academic books and journal articles. The findings reveal that the integration of economics, management, and accounting strengthens strategic planning, improves resource allocation, enhances financial transparency, and supports sustainable organizational growth in a highly competitive global environment.

Bullying in junior high schools often results in serious psychological and social impacts, such as fear, low self-esteem, and decreased academic achievement. This study aims to examine the implementation of group guidance services using psychodrama techniques in addressing bullying behavior in junior high school students. The method used was a qualitative approach with a library research study, utilizing various existing sources such as scientific journals, books, and articles relevant to the topic of bullying and psychodrama. Data were collected through a literature search, selecting appropriate sources, and grouping them based on the study theme. Data analysis refers to the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the application of psychodrama techniques in group guidance can increase empathy, self-awareness, and social communication skills in students, resulting in significant changes in the intensity and frequency of bullying behavior. Thus, psychodrama techniques can be a relevant approach in group guidance services to address bullying behavior in junior high school students, as they can encourage deeper social understanding and emotional changes.

Learning motivation is very important for students’ academic success, especially at the senior high school level. At SMA Negeri 3 Tana Toraja, there are still problems that cause low student motivation. These problems include lack of interest in learning, low self-confidence, and the use of technology mostly for entertainment purposes. This study aims to identify ways to improve students’ learning motivation through technology-based group guidance services. The research uses a library study method by collecting and analyzing scientific sources such as books and previous research journals. The results show that learning motivation is influenced by both internal and external factors. Internal factors include self-efficacy, while external factors include the fulfillment of needs for autonomy, competence, and social relatedness. Technology-based group guidance services can be an effective alternative because they combine social interaction with digital media that are familiar to students. Through discussions, sharing experiences, and the use of digital platforms, students become more active, open, and motivated in learning. Guidance and counseling teachers play an important role as facilitators in creating a supportive group dynamic. They provide positive reinforcement and help students develop self-confidence. Healthy group dynamics encourage supportive interactions, which in turn enhance students’ intrinsic motivation. Therefore, the integration of group guidance services and technology can be an effective strategy to improve students’ learning motivation and support optimal learning outcomes.

This research investigates how digital transformation contributes to innovation in public services as part of the move toward smart governance. The study employs a literature review approach by evaluating a variety of pertinent materials, which include global journals, scholarly books, and official publications from the years 2018 to 2025. Results show that digital transformation notably enhances the quality of public services regarding their efficiency, effectiveness, openness, and ease of access. The incorporation of technologies like e-government platforms, mobile apps, artificial intelligence, and big data analysis allows governments to provide services that are quicker and more responsive. Additionally, digital platforms foster public involvement by offering means for communication and participation in decision-making activities. Despite these advancements, there are still several obstacles to overcome, such as the digital divide, insufficient infrastructure, low levels of digital skills, and resistance to change within bureaucracy. These issues emphasize the need for cohesive strategies that include investment in technology, development of human resources, and regulatory assistance. The study concludes that digital transformation is vital for achieving smart governance; however, its effectiveness relies on the preparedness of infrastructure, institutions, and society to embrace digital advancements.

English learning at the elementary school level plays an important role in developing students’ early language competence, particularly in listening skills as the foundation for other language abilities. However, many learning processes still rely on conventional teaching methods that do not fully accommodate the developmental characteristics of young learners, resulting in limited engagement and listening comprehension. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the role of storytelling in improving English listening skills among elementary school students and to identify effective implementation strategies in classroom learning. This research employs a library research method by reviewing and analyzing various relevant literature sources, including books, scientific journals, and previous research findings related to storytelling in English language learning. The analysis shows that storytelling contributes significantly to improving students’ listening comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, attention, and learning motivation. Through structured narratives, expressive delivery, and the support of visual media, storytelling creates a contextual and meaningful learning environment that helps students understand spoken English more effectively. The findings also indicate that the effectiveness of storytelling is closely related to the developmental characteristics of elementary school students who learn better through concrete, imaginative, and engaging experiences. Furthermore, the implementation of storytelling through systematic stages pre-listening, while-listening, and post-listening can enhance students participation and comprehension during the learning process. In conclusion, storytelling can be considered an effective instructional strategy for improving English listening skills among elementary school students while also supporting vocabulary development and creating an engaging learning atmosphere.

The rapid development of information technology requires adaptation across various business sectors, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs). BUMDes Poto Bo’o, located in Wolotopo Village, Ndona Timur District, still manages sales data manually using ledger books. This practice leads to several issues, such as data inaccuracies, lack of automatic inventory updates, and delays in report generation.This study aims to design and implement a basic necessities (sembako) sales information system for the BUMDes. The system development method used is the waterfall model, which consists of requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance stages. The system is developed using PHP programming language and MySQL database.The main features of the system include product management, customer management, transaction processing, tracking of incoming and outgoing goods, and real-time sales reporting. The results show that the developed information system improves transaction recording accuracy, enhances inventory data accuracy, and accelerates the sales reporting process.Therefore, the system is expected to improve the operational efficiency of BUMDes Poto Bo’o, support financial management transparency, and increase public trust in the performance of the village-owned enterprise.

This research was conducted with the aim of developing an automation system for recording warehouse inventory based on Google Sheets to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the stocktaking process at the Cresta Management warehouse. This research was based on problems in the semi-manual process that used logbooks and separate files for each group of goods, which caused problems such as data duplication, limited data access, lack of data transparency, and lengthy recapitulation process. This research used the Research and Development method using the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate). Data were collected through observastion, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The result of this development is a system consisting of a login page, goods transcation recording, warehouse dashboard, stock reports, stock cards, and PDF report exports. This study also produced evaluation scores regarding the system’s feasibilty: 93,3% from the first media expert, 80% from the second media expert, 73,3% from the material expert, and 91,75% from users through User Acceptance Testing. These evaluation results indicate that the system is feasible for use and implementation in supporting warehouse operations, as it provides real time data updates, improves the efficiency of goods reporting, and enhances warehouse transactions.