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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. This condition includes several types, such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It occurs when the body is unable to produce enough insulin, experiences impaired insulin function, or faces a combination of both. As a result, glucose cannot be effectively absorbed by the body’s cells and accumulates in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar or hyperglycemia. If this condition persists, the buildup of glucose can cause various disorders in different organs. Without proper management, diabetes may lead to severe and life-threatening complications. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetic patients is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and even failure of vital organs such as the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. In this activity, percentage-based methods and demonstrations of blood glucose testing were used as educational tools for students. The results showed that students’ awareness of the dangers of elevated blood sugar levels remains low. Many of them are still unfamiliar with the importance of regular blood glucose monitoring and maintaining a healthy lifestyle to prevent diabetes. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to provide education and outreach on the prevention and early management of diabetes mellitus.

Hyperlipidemia is a condition in which lipid levels in the bloodstream (plasma) experience an imbalance in lipid levels, although it does not show severe symptoms but can trigger various serious diseases. Statins are used as the main therapy for antidyslipidemia, but with long-term use, statins cause various side effects such as muscle pain, muscle disorders and muscle discomfort. Indonesia has a variety of plants that have benefits for lowering blood cholesterol levels. To determine the potential of metabolite compounds contained in several plants as HMG-COA Reductase inhibitors, research can be carried out using molecular docking. The purpose of this literature study is to determine the comparison of compounds that have HMG-COA Reductase inhibitor inhibitor activity. The method used in compiling this literature study is from various national and international scientific articles published in the period 2020-2025. The natural compounds that have been studied have significant inhibitory activity against the HMG-CoA Reductase enzyme, namely from the 10 plants studied, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa has the best activity in inhibiting the HMG-CoA Reductase enzyme with an Affinity of the Binding value of -11.4 so that it has the potential to be further developed as a natural anti-cholesterol drug.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by increased blood glucose levels in the bloodstream or hyperglycemia, which is caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion or abnormalities in insulin work. Physical activity can also affect blood sugar levels, one of which is the physical activity of foot exercises which is recommended for people with diabetes mellitus. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of foot exercise activities in reducing blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus sufferers. Method: The research design used a descriptive method with a nursing process approach with a case study design. This research was carried out by providing foot exercise physical activity intervention for 3 consecutive days. Results: Based on the application of EBP, the results obtained from 3 patients who experienced a decrease in blood glucose levels before and after being given foot exercise therapy, there was an average decrease in P1 of 13.66mg/dL, P2 of 11.66mg/dL, and P3 of 13mg/dL every day. Suggestion: It is hoped that the results of this research can provide insight to diabetes mellitus sufferers in efforts to manage diabetes mellitus with foot exercise physical activity and be able to apply it.

Cardiac Troponin1 (cTn1) is a protein released into the bloodstream following cardiac damage and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is a hormone released by the heart in response to ventricular stretch and pressure overload. This study aims to investigate the predictive role of cTn1 and BNP in preeclamptic pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Forty (40) consenting pregnant women were recruited from St. Philomina Catholic Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria. Blood samples was spun in a bucket centrifuge at 2500 RPM (rounds per minute) for 10 minutes after which plasma was collected and stored frozen in plain sample bottles and was analyzed for Cardiac Troponin 1(cTn1) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) by fluorescence immunoassay. Data obtained from this study were analysed using Graph Pad Prism 9. Results generated were expressed as mean ± SEM and a P-value of ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.  The present study showed that there was statistically significant increase in Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) in preeclamptic women compared to normotensive pregnant women, indicating various underlying pathophysiological processes. These findings suggest the potential predictive roles of this cardiac marker in identifying and monitoring preeclampsia.

This research was motivated by the researcher's curiosity about the poetry of Taufiq Ismail, he is known as a poet of demonstration poetry. The poem with the title "A Jacket Stained With Blood" has a unique choice of words and the symbols contained in the poem that are interesting to study in order to obtain a complete meaning. The formulation of the problem that researchers analyze in this research is what is the inner structure and physical structure embedded in the poem? The aim of this research is to describe the inner structure, namely theme, tone and feeling, atmosphere, and message. By focusing on analyzing the structure of the inner content of the poem concretely and clearly. The method prepared by the researcher is descriptive qualitative. As for the results obtained regarding the researcher's analysis, it can be concluded that this poem is a poem that has many types based on various points of view of the meaning contained in various types of poetry. This poem is an elegiac poem because it expresses feelings of sadness and contains the poet's lamentations.