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Lower back pain is one of the most common discomforts experienced by third-trimester pregnant women due to increased uterine size, postural changes, and musculoskeletal strain. Complementary therapies such as effleurage massage offer a non-pharmacological, safe, and easily applicable technique to reduce pregnancy-related pain. This study aimed to examine the effect of effleurage massage on reducing lower back pain among third-trimester pregnant women at TPMB Lina Contesa. This research employed a quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The study was conducted from October to November 2025 involving 32 third-trimester pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Pain intensity was measured before and after the intervention using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Effleurage massage was administered for 15–20 minutes on the lower back region following standard midwifery procedures. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The findings showed a significant reduction in lower back pain intensity after the intervention (p < 0.001). The proportion of respondents in the moderate-pain category decreased from 65.6% to 21.9%, while those in the mild-pain category increased from 34.4% to 78.1%. The mean VAS score dropped from 5.81 ± 1.12 before intervention to 2.47 ± 1.03 after effleurage massage. Effleurage massage is effective in reducing lower back pain among third-trimester pregnant women and can be recommended as a complementary therapy in midwifery care to improve maternal comfort.

Background: Constipation is a common functional gastrointestinal problem in infants aged 6–12 months, causing discomfort, hard stools, and reduced quality of life. Non-pharmacologic interventions, such as abdominal massage, have shown promise in improving bowel function, but evidence regarding the effectiveness of the I Love You massage technique in community settings remains limited. Objective: This study aimed  examine the effectiveness of I Love You massage in reducing constipation among infants aged 6–12 months attending South Bulango Health Center. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group was employed. Thirty infants with functional constipation were purposively selected and divided into an intervention group (n=15) receiving daily I Love You massage for 10 minutes over seven days, and control group (n=15) receiving standard care, including dietary guidance and hydration. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 with paired t-tests for within-group comparisons and independent t-tests for between-group differences. Results: The intervention group exhibited a significant increase in bowel movement frequency (2.1 ± 0.7 to 5.6 ± 0.9 per week) and improvement in stool consistency (1.2 ± 0.4 to 2.8 ± 0.5), along with a notable reduction in abdominal discomfort (6.5 ± 1.2 to 2.1 ± 0.8). In contrast, the control group showed minimal improvements. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: I Love You massage is an effective, safe, and low-cost intervention reduce constipation in infants aged 6–12 months. Its implementation in primary healthcare settings may enhance gastrointestinal function, relieve discomfort, and promote caregiver-infant interaction.

Background: Constipation is a common health problem among infants aged 6–12 months, which can lead to discomfort, feeding difficulties, and reduced quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as the I Love You (ILU) massage, have been suggested to improve bowel regularity and reduce gastrointestinal discomfort in infants. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of ILU massage on reducing constipation in infants aged 6–12 months at the South Bulango Health Center. Methods: A pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach was applied. Data on bowel movement frequency, stool consistency, and abdominal discomfort were collected before and after the intervention using structured observation sheets and caregiver questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using paired t-tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The results showed a significant increase in bowel movement frequency from 2.1 ± 0.8 times per week before the intervention to 4.5 ± 1.0 times per week after the intervention (p = 0.000). Stool consistency improved from a mean Bristol score of 2.0 ± 0.6 to 4.0 ± 0.7 (p = 0.000), and abdominal discomfort decreased from 3.5 ± 1.0 to 1.2 ± 0.8 (p = 0.000). These findings indicate that ILU massage effectively alleviates constipation symptoms in infants. Conclusion: ILU massage is an effective, safe, and non-invasive method to reduce constipation in infants aged 6–12 months. Involving caregivers in the intervention enhances its effectiveness and supports parent–child bonding, making it suitable for integration into routine infant care at community health centers.

Background: Stroke is a medical condition characterized by a disruption in blood flow to the brain, most commonly resulting in ischemic stroke, which accounts for 70%–85% of all stroke cases. Prolonged immobility in stroke patients increases the risk of pressure ulcers. Effective prevention strategies Include regular repositioning and meticulous skin care. Effleurage massage, when combined with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), enhances blood circulation and skin hydration, thereby potentially reducing the risk of impaired skin integrity. Objective: To analyze the management of a non-hemorrhagic stroke patient Through the application of Effleurage Massage therapy using Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) to reduce the risk of skin integrity impairment. Methods: This case study involved a non-hemorrhagic stroke patient who was observed during hospital visits over a three-day period. Effleurage massage using VCO was applied twice daily—once in the morning and once at night. Skin integrity was assessed before and after the intervention using the Braden Scale Results: A decrease in the risk of skin integrity impairment was observed following the intervention, as evidenced by improved Braden Scale scores. Conclusion: Effleurage Massage using Virgin Coconut Oil may serve as an effective complementary therapy to reduce the risk of skin integrity Impairment in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients.

Stroke patients often experience mobility impairments, which increase the risk of developing pressure ulcers (decubitus). Pressure ulcers are a common complication for patients with limited mobility, especially in the ICU. One intervention that can be used to reduce the risk of pressure ulcers is back massage using olive oil. This study aims to analyze the effect of back massage using olive oil on reducing the risk of pressure ulcers in stroke patients in the ICU at Sultan Agung Hospital. This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach, involving 17 respondents who received back massage using olive oil. The results showed that most respondents were aged 56-65 years (35.3%), the majority were male (70.6%), with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (52.9%), and the length of hospitalization was 3-5 days. Before the intervention, most respondents were categorized as being at moderate risk based on the Braden scale; however, after the intervention, the majority were no longer at risk of pressure ulcers. The Wilcoxon test showed a p-value of 0.001, indicating that back massage using olive oil had a significant effect on reducing the risk of pressure ulcers. In conclusion, back massage using olive oil is effective in reducing the risk of pressure ulcers in stroke patients in the ICU. Therefore, this technique can be used as an alternative intervention to prevent the occurrence of pressure ulcers in stroke patients.

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is abdominal pain, cramps and back pain experienced by women at the beginning of menstruation for 48-72 hours. This condition is most often experienced by women in their late teens to young adults (15-25 years) due to optimization of uterine function so that prostaglandin secretion increases. In Indonesia, the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea reaches 54.89%, with a significant impact on adolescent activities. One of the effective non-pharmacological methods to overcome primary dysmenorrhea is abdominal effleurage massage, which is performed directly on the site of pain so that endogenous analgesics (endorphins) are released and pain transmission to the cerebral cortex is inhibited. Purposes: To analyze the effect of abdominal effleurage massage on reducing primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Research method: This study used a quantitative method with a pre-experimental one group pretest posttest design method. The population of this study was 45 adolescents. The sample was taken using a simple random sampling technique of 21 female students who experienced primary dysmenorrhea. Data collection was carried out using the NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) pain scale observation sheet. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results: Based on the analysis test using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, a significance value of 0.00 (p <0.05) was obtained, which means Ha was accepted. In other words, abdominal effleurage massage has an effect on reducing primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Conclusion: There is an effect of abdominal effleurage massage on reducing primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents.

Background: Normal delivery is a significant moment in a mother's life, marked by the expulsion of the fetus after a full-term pregnancy, typically between 37 to 40 weeks, accompanied by intense uterine contractions. During the active phase of labor, mothers often experience peak pain due to increased frequency and strength of these contractions. One effective method to alleviate this pain is through counter pressure massage. This study aims to explore the differences in pain intensity among mothers in the active phase of labor before and after the application of counter pressure massage at RSU Permata Hati Klungkung. Method: This study used a pre-experimental design and purposive sampling technique. The population in this study were all mothers who underwent normal delivery in September to November 2024 with a total of 80 people, until a sample of 39 participants was determined. Data were collected through observations using a rating scale based on the Numerical Rating Score. Result: Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test, revealing that the average pain score before the massage was 6.92, which decreased to 3.20 afterward. The Wilcoxon test yielded a p-value of 0.001, indicating a significant difference in labor pain intensity. Conclusion: This study shows that there is a difference in pain intensity before and after counter pressure massage is performed on mothers giving birth in the first active phase at Permata Hati Hospital, Klungkung with a p-value of 0.001.

Background: Bell's Palsy is a condition of facial muscle weakness due to inflammation or damage to the VII cranial nerve (facial nerve), which is classified as a primary acute idiopathic lower motor neuron (LMN) type. This condition is characterized by unilateral facial paralysis and pain in the mastoid area, which can affect the patient's quality of life. Method: This study design used a case report method which observed one patient with a case of Bell Palsy Right. Physiotherapy intervention was carried out during four meetings at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, with therapy modalities including Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), massage, and mirror exercise. Evaluation was carried out using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) for facial muscle strength, and the Ugo Fisch scale for functional ability. Results: This study shows that physiotherapy treatment during 4 meetings resulted in decreased pain, increased muscle strength, and increased functional ability with Bell palsy. Conclusion: Physiotherapy interventions in the form of TENS, massage, and mirror exercise are effective in reducing pain, increasing muscle strength, and improving functional abilities in patients with Bell's Palsy Right.

Inadequate breast milk production remains a significant challenge in achieving exclusive breastfeeding success during the postpartum period. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of oxytocin massage intervention on breast milk quantity among postpartum mothers at Hospital X. A quasi-experimental design with one-group pretest-posttest approach was employed, involving 17 postpartum mothers who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection utilized demographic questionnaires and measuring instruments to assess milk volume before and after the intervention. Oxytocin massage was performed using back massage technique for 30-60 minutes duration. Statistical analysis employed Wilcoxon signed-rank test due to non-normal data distribution. Results demonstrated significant improvement in milk volume from mean 12.95 ml (pretest) to 50.59 ml (posttest) with p-value 0.000 (p<0.05), indicating statistical significance. The intervention showed substantial effectiveness with approximately 291% increase from baseline condition. These findings suggest that oxytocin massage represents an effective non-pharmacological modality for optimizing lactogenesis through neurohormonal stimulation mechanisms, supporting milk ejection reflex enhancement in postpartum mothers.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that 33% of babies experience sleep problems. A survey of 10 babies in Paciran Village, Lamongan Regency revealed that seven babies experienced sleep problems where the baby woke up more than once at night so that the baby became fussy during the day. Purpose: The purpose of the research is to prove that baby swimming and baby massage affect the quality of baby's sleep. Methods: The design in this research is the experimental One Group Pre-Post Test Design. The sample used for research was 20 babies aged 3 – 12 months. The sampling technique uses accidental sampling. The research was carried out in Paciran Village, Paciran District, Lamongan Regency. The interventions provided are baby massage and baby swimming. The measuring tool uses the Brief Infant Screening Questionnaire (BISQ) to observe the quality of the baby's sleep. Results: The baby's sleep quality was measured before and after baby swimming and baby massage. Data analysis used the Mc Nemar test with ?=0.05. The results of the study showed that before being given the intervention, all babies had poor sleep quality, but after being given the intervention, more than half of the babies had good sleep quality (55%). Statistical data analysis found p = 0.001, meaning that baby massage and baby swimming affect the quality of baby's sleep. Conclusion: Baby massage and baby swimming can be used as alternatives to improve the quality of baby's sleep.

The common cold in infants is a frequent health problem that requires proper management to prevent potential complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, and febrile seizures. Management strategies for the common cold can be carried out through pharmacological approaches, such as the administration of syrups and powders, and non-pharmacological approaches, including traditional methods like common cold massage. This study aims to analyze the effect of providing education about common cold massage on mothers’ knowledge in managing the common cold in infants. The research employed a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design using a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The study population consisted of 40 mothers who had infants aged 4–12 months registered at the Gunungpati Health Center. A total sample of 36 respondents was obtained through simple random sampling. The research instrument was a structured knowledge questionnaire specifically developed to assess understanding of common cold massage techniques and their role in managing symptoms. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to evaluate differences in knowledge levels before and after the educational intervention. The results showed a significant increase in mothers’ knowledge after receiving education, with a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), indicating that the intervention was statistically significant. These findings highlight the importance of non-pharmacological educational programs, particularly common cold massage, as a complementary approach to infant health care. Implementing such education can empower mothers with practical skills to manage early symptoms and potentially reduce complications. It is recommended that further studies be conducted in different settings with more varied sociodemographic backgrounds to ensure broader applicability and to explore the integration of traditional massage education into community health programs.

The marmet technique is a technique used to express breastmilk. This technique provides a relaxing effect and also reactivates the milk ejection reflex (MER) so that milk begins to drip. With the MER activated, breast milk will often spray out by itself. The marmet technique is a massage using two fingers. This method is often referred to as back to nature because it is simple and does not require cost. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the marmet technique on the smoothness of breast milk in postpartum mothers in the working area of the Mowewe health center in 2021. This type of pseudo-experimental research uses a nonequivalent control group design model. The research sample was the experimental group who were given treatment with marmet massage techniques on postpartum mothers as many as 10 people and the control group was those who were not given marmet massage treatment on postpartum mothers as many as 10 people. The results showed that there was no effect of marmet technique on the smoothness of breast milk in postpartum mothers in the working area of Mowewe health center. The difference between the average pretest and posttest in the control group using the paired sample t-test test obtained a t value = 3.240 and a p value = 0.010 (p < 0.05). It is hoped that the results of the study will serve as a source of information and add insight into the marmet method for smooth breastfeeding for postpartum mothers.  

Background:Breastfeeding is expected to help achieve SDGs goal 3, target 2, which is to reduce neonatal mortality to at least 12 per 1,000 live births in all countries by 2030 and stop unnecessary deaths of newborns and children under five. Encouraging healthy breastfeeding is essential to prevent more than 820,000 deaths of children under five each year. Oxytocin massage has been shown to increase the sensation of relaxation, improve sleep quality and comfort, reduce pain and tension, and help increase prolactin and oxytocin levels, which in turn increase breast milk production. Research Method:The research design used the Pre Experimental Design method, namely with the form of a One Group pretest and posttest design without a control group. This study used purposive sampling, with a sample size of 22 respondents. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate. Result:This study showed that the value before oxytocin massage was 16.14 and after oxytocin massage the mean was 27.73. The conclusion of the study shows that the results of the experimental test have a significant value with a p value of 0.000 <0.05. This shows that there is a significant gap in breast milk production between before and after oxytocin massage. Suggestion: It is hoped that midwives at the Lidya Clinic can use this study as input to support increased breast milk production in mothers, especially those in the postpartum period.

Background: In Indonesia, coughs and colds increase from 10% to 35.5%. Due to this situation, many mothers are still not fully aware of the proper handling of coughs and colds, which is further exacerbated by the issue of syrup medications containing ethylene glycol that exceed the safe dosage limits, potentially leading to kidney failure in infants. There are two types of cold treatments: pharmacological with oral medications such as powders and syrups, and non-pharmacological with common cold massage. Research objective: This quantitative research determined the effect of educational videos on common cold massage for infants on mothers' cognition and motivation in performing self-massage at the Mranggen I Public Health Care with a pre-experimental method and a one-group pre-test-post-test design. The population in this study consisted of mothers with children aged 4–12 months at the Mranggen I Public Health Care taken with a simple random sampling technique, resulting in 54 mothers. The applied instruments in this research were the Common Cold Cognition questionnaire and maternal motivation. The researchers analyzed the data using univariate and bivariate analysis, employing the Wilcoxon test to identify the non-normally distributed effect of video education on knowledge, and the paired t-test to evaluate its normal distribution effect on motivation. Research Results: Video education has an influence on mothers' cognition and motivation to perform self-massage at Mranggen I Public Health Center, with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusions and suggestions: Respondents, mothers with children aged 4–12 months at the Mranggen I public health care, had excellent knowledge (46.3%) and strong motivation (46.3%). The researcher expects that mothers in the Mranggen I public health care area will seek more information about common cold massages.

Background: Decubitus is a condition where external pressure causes local tissue damage or injury. It usually affects people with chronic illnesses who spend a lot of time in bed. Trauma and surgery can cause damage to the integrity of the skin, but long-term pressure on the skin can also cause irritation and the formation of decubitus, or pressure sores. People who have nerve damage from stroke, traumatic injury, diabetes or coma are also more likely to develop decubitus. However, decubitus of the back or spine still affects a large number of patients today. Objective: To determine the effect of back massage with virgin coconut oil on the risk of decubitus in stroke patients. Methods: The study used a type of quantitative research with an experimental one group pre-post test design. The sample consisted of 17 respondents. Sampling was determined using the Lemeshow formula technique. The data obtained was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: In this study, significant results were obtained with a p value of 0.001 (p <0.5). This means that there is an effect of back massage with virgin coconut oil on the risk of decubitus in stroke patients.  Conclusion: There is an effect of back massage with virgin coconut oil on the risk of decubitus in stroke patients.

Several psychological and physical physiological changes take place in pregnant women during the third trimester. Complaints of back pain, which can cause discomfort during pregnancy, are one of the frequent physical changes that occur. Endorphin massage, a light massage approach that may help alleviate these complaints, is one strategy that may be utilized to promote relaxation and comfort for expectant mothers, particularly during the later stages of pregnancy before delivery. The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of endorphin massage on the severity of back discomfort in expectant women during their third trimester. The study used a quantitative methodology with a sample size of 65 participants that were representative of the study population. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to compare pain ratings before and after the intervention. According to the test findings, there is a substantial difference between the two measurement outcomes, as evidenced by a value of Z = -8.062 with p = 0.000. The study's results indicate that every subject's pain was reduced after receiving endorphin massage. In conclusion, endorphin massage is beneficial for alleviating back pain in pregnant women during the third trimester.