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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires long-term pharmacological therapy, increasing the risk of Drug Related Problems (DRPs). DRPs can affect the success of therapy, increase the risk of complications, and reduce the patient's quality of life. This article aims to identify the use of antidiabetic drugs, the characteristics of DRPs, and their clinical implications. The method used was a literature review of articles from 2016-2026 that are relevant to the analysis of DRPs in diabetes mellitus patients. The results of the study indicate that metformin is the most widely used antidiabetic drug, both as a single therapy and in combination. The dominant types of DRPs include drug interactions, inappropriate drug selection, inappropriate dosages, omissions from therapy, and use of drugs without indications. These DRPs can cause hypoglycemia, failure to achieve glycemic control targets, an increased risk of complications, and increased duration and cost of treatment. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that DRPs remain a challenge in the management of diabetes mellitus therapy, requiring more optimal monitoring and an active role of pharmacists through medication review to improve the safety, effectiveness, and quality of treatment.

This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture and leadership on work discipline in employees of the Woja District Office, both partially and simultaneously. Using a saturated sample, all employees in the agency were directly involved as respondents as many as 45 respondents. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of the study showed that partially, organizational culture had a positive and significant effect on employee work discipline, while leadership did not have a significant influence independently. However, simultaneous testing proves that organizational culture and leadership together have a positive and significant influence on shaping employee work discipline. These findings indicate that although personal leadership style is not the primary determinant of discipline that has been bound by bureaucratic regulations, the synergy between internalizing strong work culture values and leadership support remains an important combination for an orderly work ecosystem. This research provides practical implications for government organizations in strengthening work culture, increasing leadership effectiveness, and creating a work environment that is able to encourage employee compliance, responsibility, and productivity in a sustainable manner.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness, contribution, and optimization strategies of Restaurant Tax and Hotel Tax in supporting the sustainability of Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD) of Bogor City. The study employed a descriptive method with a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data. The results indicate that the effectiveness levels of Restaurant Tax and Hotel Tax in Bogor City were categorized as highly effective, with average effectiveness ratios of 107.24%, and 117.74%, respectively. However, the contribution of Restaurant Tax to Local Own-Source Revenue was only 13.55%, which falls into the less contributive category, while the contribution of Hotel Tax was 8.03%, categorized as very low contributive. Based on the SWOT analysis, the reccomended optimization strategies include expanding the tax base through taxpayer data collection and updating, optimizing digital-based payment and monitoring systems, enhancing human resource capacity, strenghening tax education and outreach programs, developing risk based supervision, and improving inter agency cooperation. The implementation of these strategies is expected to increase the revenue and contribution of Restaurant Tax and Hotel Tax in supporting the sustainability of Bogor City’s Local Own-Source Revenue.

This study analyzed the effectiveness and contribution of the Food and/or Beverage Tax, Hotel Services Tax, and Art and Entertainment Services Tax to Jakarta's Regional Own-Source Revenue during 2018–2024, and formulated policy recommendations based on fishbone (Ishikawa) analysis for the lowest-performing tax type. A descriptive quantitative approach supported by qualitative analysis was employed. Secondary data were obtained from Regional Government Financial Reports, while primary data were gathered through in-depth interviews with the Regional Revenue Agency, a tax consultant, an event organizer, and a venue operator. The Hotel Services Tax recorded the highest average effectiveness at 108.25%, followed by the Food and/or Beverage Tax at 100.72%, and the Art and Entertainment Services Tax at 98.88%. All three fell under the very low contribution category, with the Art and Entertainment Services Tax recording the lowest average at 1.16%. Fishbone analysis identified six root cause categories: disproportionate staffing and insufficient socialization (Man), reactive collection mechanisms (Method), limited tax technology implementation (Machine), misclassified business data and weak regulatory dissemination (Material), underreported revenues and high tax rates suppressing voluntary compliance (Measurement), and high entertainment sector elasticity with slow post-pandemic recovery (Environment). Policy recommendations were formulated across all six factors to optimize regional tax revenue.

This study aims to analyze in depth the extent of the influence of content marketing and hedonic motivation on impulse buying in TikTok users, especially STIE Yapis Dompu students. This research illustrates a quantitative approach. The population of this study is all students who actively use the Tiktok Shop at STIE Yapis Dompu, the exact number of which is unknown. The number of samples used was 150. Non-probability sampling technique using the purposive sampling method. The data analysis in this study uses PLS-SEM Analysis. The results of the study showed that content marketing had a positive and significant effect on impulse buying, as evidenced by a t-statistical value of 3,116 > 1.96, and a p-value of 0.002 < 0.05. And hedonic motivation had a positive and significant effect on impulse buying, which was evidenced by a t-statistical value of 6,472 > 1.96, as well as a p-value 0.000 < 0.005. While the content marketing variable for hedonic motivation has a t-statistical value of 5,799 > 1.96, and a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, content marketing has a positive and significant effect on hedonic motivation in STIE Yapis Dompu students.

As a strategic public policy, the Free Nutritious Meal program serves as a long-term social investment aimed at enhancing the quality of human resources. This study is directed to examine and map the positive contributions of the MBG initiative to the pillars of health, discipline levels, and academic achievement of students through a literature review method. The article search, utilizing keywords such as "Makan Bergizi Gratis," "Implementasi MBG," and "Dampak MBG," yielded 10 relevant scientific articles, which were subsequently analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The findings indicate that the MBG program exerts a significant positive impact on various dimensions of student development. In the academic aspect, this program improves students' focus, concentration, motivation, and active learning engagement. Health-wise, MBG contributes to improving nutritional status, which supports children's physical and psychological readiness, whereas, in terms of discipline, this intervention is proven to increase attendance rates while reducing tardiness at school. Overall, it is concluded that the MBG program does not merely function to fulfill essential nutritional intake, but also acts to maximize learning effectiveness and student academic performance across all education levels.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an economically important crop whose productivity is increasingly constrained by drought stress under changing climatic conditions. Conventional breeding for drought tolerance is often slow because this trait is quantitatively inherited and strongly influenced by environmental factors. Molecular markers, particularly Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), have become valuable tools for improving selection efficiency and accelerating breeding progress. This review examines the role of SSR markers in the development of drought-tolerant tomato cultivars. The physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of tomato to drought stress, including growth reduction, photosynthetic impairment, osmotic adjustment, hormonal regulation, and oxidative stress responses, are briefly discussed. The genetic characteristics of SSR markers, including their high polymorphism, co-dominant inheritance, and multi-allelic nature, are highlighted as key advantages for genetic analysis and breeding applications. Furthermore, the review synthesizes recent findings on the use of SSR markers for genetic diversity assessment, Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping, and identification of genomic regions associated with drought-related traits such as relative water content, chlorophyll stability, root architecture, and proline accumulation. The application of SSRs in Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS), including marker-assisted backcrossing and QTL pyramiding, is also discussed. Finally, the review evaluates the continuing relevance of SSR markers in the genomic era, emphasizing their complementary role alongside Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), and Genomic Selection (GS). Integrating SSR-based approaches with modern genomic tools offers a promising strategy for developing climate-resilient tomato cultivars and enhancing future food security.

The purpose of this study was to focus on the development and feasibility testing of the Ekorama Pop-Up Book as a learning medium, as well as to assess its practicality and effectiveness in helping fifth-grade elementary school students master science concepts related to food chains. Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model—which begins with analysis and ends with evaluation—will be applied in this study. The participants include media and content experts, teachers, and 19 fifth-grade students at MIN 8 in Medan. Data were collected using response questionnaires, concept comprehension tests, and validation sheets. The results of the expert validation indicated that the category was highly valid, highly practical (96.7%), and highly effective (N-Gain = 0.87), as evidenced by the test results showing an increase in students’ understanding. In other words, the Ekorama Pop-Up Book was deemed suitable as a science learning medium for improving conceptual understanding among elementary school students.

Musi Rawas Utara Regency is categorized as an underdeveloped, frontier, and outermost (3T) region that still faces serious challenges in human development, particularly within the education dimension. Although the Human Development Index (HDI) indicates an upward trend, the School Enrollment Rate (SER) and the mean years of schooling at the secondary education level remain relatively low and lag behind other regions. This condition is influenced by limited access to secondary education, household economic vulnerability, and disparities in the quality and distribution of educators in remote areas. This policy paper aims to analyze secondary education issues as a primary obstacle to increasing the HDI of Musi Rawas Utara Regency and to formulate effective and sustainable policy alternatives. The method used is a qualitative descriptive analysis through a literature study, utilizing data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), regional planning documents, as well as relevant national regulations and policies. The analysis was conducted using a SWOT approach to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the regional education policy. The results of the study show that improving the HDI requires integrated, affirmative, and region-based education policies. Three main policy alternatives recommended include expanding and equalizing access to secondary education, strengthening educational assistance and social protection for vulnerable families, and sustainably distributing and improving teacher quality. The implementation of these policies is expected to increase the SER, extend the mean years of schooling, and strengthen the quality of human resources as a foundation for sustainable development in Musi Rawas Utara Regency.

Pelanggaran jam operasional kendaraan bertonase besar di kawasan Simpang Patal Kota Palembang masih sering terjadi dan menyebabkan kemacetan, risiko kecelakaan, serta kerusakan jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis alternatif kebijakan yang paling tepat untuk penertiban mobil barang di kawasan tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi literatur. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman, sedangkan evaluasi kebijakan menggunakan pendekatan Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) berdasarkan kriteria William N. Dunn. Terdapat tiga alternatif kebijakan yang dianalisis, yaitu mempertahankan kebijakan yang berlaku (status quo), revisi Perwali Nomor 26 Tahun 2019 dan implementasi Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE), serta penyediaan kantong parkir (holding area) di kawasan Pelabuhan Sungai Lais. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alternatif penyediaan kantong parkir (holding area) memperoleh skor tertinggi sebesar 91 dengan rata-rata 4,55 sehingga dinilai paling optimal dalam mengurangi pelanggaran, kemacetan, dan risiko kecelakaan serta mendukung transportasi perkotaan yang lebih tertib dan berkelanjutan.

Pierhead casting is a critical activity in toll road infrastructure projects that requires continuous concrete supply to maintain quality and execution time. Factors influencing the smooth casting process include the regularity of truck mixer arrival intervals and the work cycle of the truck concrete pump. This study aims to analyze the effect of truck mixer intervals and truck concrete pump performance on the productivity of pierhead casting at Pierhead P37S on the Solo–Yogyakarta–NYIA Toll Road Project, Section 2 Package 2.1A. The analysis method used field observation through time study techniques to measure the cycle duration of truck mixers and the operating time of the truck concrete pump. The analysis stages included calculating cycle time, productivity, production capacity, and working duration of each equipment. The results show that the truck concrete pump achieved a productivity of 0.425 m³/minute, while the truck mixer reached 0.989 m³/minute. These values were influenced by cycle time, equipment condition, work area condition, execution method, and work volume. Based on duration analysis, the truck concrete pump required about 4.7 hours to complete the casting of 120 m³ of ready-mix concrete, while the truck mixer required 2.022 hours to support the concrete supply process.

Cultural values are life principles that guide Javanese society in acting. This article aims to analyze how Javanese cultural values are contained in the novel Sumirat Ing Mripat. The approach used is a semiotic approach from the perspective of Rolland Barthes. The analytical method used is Rolland Barthes’ semiotic theory. This analytical method consists of denotation, connotation, and myth. The analysis is carried out by linking the results of the interpretation of signs to five cultural value relationships. The semiotic approach is used to reveal the meaning and signs of Javanese cultural values. The novel Sumirat Ing Mripat was taken as a data source in this study. The results show that the novel Sumirat Ing Mripat represents cultural values. These values are the value of rationality in the relationship between humans and themselves, the value of piety in the relationship between humans and God, the value of non-rationality in the relationship between humans and others, the value of harmony in the relationship between humans and nature, and the value of deliberation in the relationship between humans and society. This study confirms that literary works function as a representation of the system of Javanese cultural values.

The role of guidance and counseling teachers in student career planning in vocational schools is still weak. The purpose of the study was to analyze the implementation of the BK service program in career planning for vocational school students. The study used a qualitative descriptive method. The study was conducted at SMK Muhammadiyah Paguyangan with research subjects being BK teachers, vice principals for curriculum, and vocational school students. Data collection through observation, interviews, and document studies. Data validation applied triangulation of sources and methods. Data analysis used the Atlas ti.8 application. Research stages; determining topics, compiling interview guidelines, selecting data collection methods, collecting data, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Research results; (1) the role of BK teachers in identifying students' potential, interests, talents, providing guidance in choosing education or careers, as motivators, facilitators, mediators, directors, program managers, and informants, (2) BK teacher strategies in student career planning; providing basic services to recognize self-potential, motivating, encouraging the use of technology, and digital platforms, and (3) implementation of BK programs through an integrated process, including; program planning, resource provision, implementation of evaluation services, feedback, and continuous improvement. Program innovation and monitoring are integral parts to maintain the relevance and effectiveness of BK services. The success of BK program implementation depends on the quality of coordination and commitment of all parties in developing the program.

Mie basah bebas gluten umumnya memiliki kandungan protein yang relatif rendah karena didominasi oleh bahan berpati, sehingga diperlukan upaya peningkatan nilai gizi tanpa menurunkan tingkat penerimaan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung ikan teri medan (Stolephorus sp.) terhadap tingkat kesukaan mie basah bebas gluten serta mengetahui karakteristik kimia pada perlakuan terbaik. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat taraf penambahan tepung ikan teri medan, yaitu P0 (0 g), P1 (5 g), P2 (10 g), dan P3 (15 g). Tingkat kesukaan dinilai oleh 40 panelis pada parameter warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur menggunakan uji hedonik. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Perlakuan terbaik ditentukan menggunakan metode indeks efektivitas dan selanjutnya dianalisis secara proksimat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung ikan teri medan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kesukaan mie basah bebas gluten. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada P1 (5 g) berdasarkan nilai indeks efektivitas tertinggi. Hasil analisis kimia pada P1 menunjukkan kadar air 37,33%, kadar abu 1,71%, kadar lemak 3,34%, kadar protein 9,76%, dan kadar karbohidrat 47,86%. Kadar protein telah memenuhi persyaratan mutu mie basah berdasarkan SNI 2987:2015, meskipun kadar air masih melebihi standar. Penambahan tepung ikan teri medan berpotensi meningkatkan nilai gizi mie basah bebas gluten dengan tetap mempertahankan tingkat penerimaan konsumen.

Employee performance is a critical element in organizational success, particularly in labor-intensive industries such as garment manufacturing. This study aims to analyze the effect of work stress (X1) and work environment (X2) on employee performance (Y) in garment industry companies in Semarang Regency. A quantitative descriptive approach with multiple linear regression analysis was employed. The population and sample comprised 96 employees using total sampling. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire (1–5) with 10 items per variable. All classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity) were satisfied. Reliability tests yielded Cronbach's Alpha of 0.866 (work stress), 0.941 (work environment), and 0.937 (employee performance), confirming instrument reliability. Results indicate: (1) work stress has no significant partial effect on employee performance (t = 1.581; sig. = 0.117); (2) work environment has a significant positive partial effect on employee performance (t = 9.618; sig. = 0.000); (3) simultaneously, both variables significantly affect employee performance (F = 56.630; sig. = 0.000) with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 54.9%. These findings confirm that optimizing the work environment both physical and non-physical is the primary strategic priority for enhancing employee performance in the garment industry.

The internship registration process at the Communication and Information Office of Tegal Regency is still carried out manually, resulting in several problems, such as lengthy registration procedures, difficulties in managing and retrieving data, and the risk of document loss. This study aims to design and develop a web-based internship registration information system that supports the registration, verification, selection, and information delivery processes in an integrated manner. The system was developed using the Waterfall method, which consists of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and testing stages. The application was developed using the Laravel framework and MySQL database. System testing was conducted using the Black Box Testing method to ensure that all system functions operate according to user requirements.The results indicate that the developed system can simplify the internship registration process, improve data management efficiency, accelerate the selection process, and provide real-time registration status information to applicants. Based on the testing results, all system features function properly and meet the predetermined functional requirements.

This study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of beef liver addition on the nutritional, physicochemical, and color characteristics of chicken patties. Beef liver, an underutilized animal by-product with high nutritional value, was incorporated at different levels (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%) into chicken patty formulations. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and five replications. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the addition of beef liver had no significant effect (P>0.05) on protein content, water activity (aw), and b* values, but had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on moisture content, fat content, cooking loss, texture, and color characteristics (L* and a*). Increasing beef liver levels improved the nutritional profile and modified the physical and visual characteristics of the patties. These findings demonstrate the potential of beef liver as a value-added functional ingredient for developing nutritious chicken patties while promoting the sustainable utilization of underutilized livestock by-products.

Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KCP Bengkong, Batam belum memiliki aplikasi yang mudah diakses untuk mengukur tingkat kepuasan nasabah, sehingga menyulitkan proses evaluasi kualitas layanan dan identifikasi aspek-aspek yang perlu ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem analisis kepuasan nasabah menggunakan metode Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). Sistem dikembangkan dengan menggunakan model Waterfall dan dirancang menggunakan Unified Modeling Language (UML). Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada 30 responden dengan 15 item penilaian. Aplikasi yang dikembangkan diuji menggunakan metode black-box testing dan berhasil diimplementasikan dengan baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai CSI sebesar 99,38 yang termasuk dalam kategori “Sangat Puas”. Sistem yang dibangun memberikan sarana yang efektif untuk mengukur tingkat kepuasan nasabah serta mendukung peningkatan kualitas layanan di BSI KCP Bengkong, Batam.

This study aims to analyze the contribution of state and regional taxes to state revenue and regional fiscal independence in Indonesia. Taxes are the primary source of revenue used to finance governance and national and regional development. The study employed a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review approach and secondary data analysis derived from the State Budget (APBN) report, the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and various scientific articles indexed by Sinta. The data were analyzed to identify the contribution of taxes to state revenue and the role of regional taxes in increasing Regional Original Income (PAD). The results show that tax revenue remains the largest source of state revenue, with dominant contributions coming from Income Tax (PPh) and Value Added Tax (PPN). Furthermore, regional taxes play a crucial role in enhancing regional fiscal capacity and supporting the implementation of regional autonomy. The effectiveness of tax management is influenced by the level of taxpayer compliance, the digitalization of tax administration, and the quality of government oversight. This study implies that optimizing the tax system through digital transformation and increasing public awareness can sustainably strengthen state and regional revenue.

Mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, remain major contributors to the global burden of disease and disability. Socioeconomic inequality, including differences in Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, is considered an important factor influencing mental health outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between GNI per capita and the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders globally using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 database. A descriptive ecological study design was conducted using secondary data from 187 countries and regions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation tests, and regional comparative analysis with ANOVA. The results showed substantial disparities in mental health burden and income distribution across regions. Africa had the highest average prevalence of depression, while Asia showed the greatest variability in anxiety disorders. A significant negative correlation was found between depression prevalence and income levels (r = -0.213; p = 0.003), indicating higher depression rates in lower-income countries. However, anxiety showed a weak and insignificant relationship with income (r = -0.079; p = 0.281). These findings emphasize the need to reduce socioeconomic inequalities and strengthen mental health systems through integrated healthcare services and multisectoral policies.