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Iron deficiency anemia remains a major public health problem among pregnant women in Indonesia, with a national prevalence of 37.1% and higher rates in regions such as Brebes Regency. Adequate nutritional knowledge and sufficient iron intake are expected to prevent decreases in hemoglobin (Hb) levels during the third trimester. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional knowledge, iron intake adequacy, and Hb levels among third-trimester pregnant women at Puskesmas Brebes. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 62 respondents using total sampling. Data were collected through a nutritional knowledge questionnaire, a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) to assess iron intake based on the Recommended Dietary Allowance of 27 mg/day, and Hb measurement using a digital device. The prevalence of anemia was 32.3%, with a mean Hb level of 11.25 ± 1.74 g/dL. Most respondents had high nutritional knowledge (72.6%), but 79.0% had inadequate iron intake. Chi-Square analysis showed no significant relationship between nutritional knowledge and Hb levels (p=0.109) or between iron intake adequacy and Hb levels (p=0.426). Other factors, including iron absorption inhibitors, compliance with iron supplementation, nutritional status, and limited sample size, may have influenced the results.

The prevalence of non-communicable degenerative diseases in Indonesia continues to rise, particularly affecting adolescents and productive age populations due to unhealthy lifestyle patterns and free radical exposure. Purple sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.), a locally abundant resource often regarded merely as agricultural by-product, contain significant bioactive compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and terpenoids demonstrating potent antioxidant properties with IC50 values of 47.99 ppm. This study employs a qualitative descriptive literature review approach, analyzing 28 scientific publications spanning 2018-2025 sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed databases to examine the potential of purple sweet potato leaves as effervescent tablet raw material for degenerative disease prevention. Findings reveal that bioactive constituents effectively neutralize free radicals, prevent lipid peroxidation, and protect cellular structures from oxidative damage linked to diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. The effervescent tablet formulation provides strategic advantages including enhanced solubility, accelerated absorption rates due to elimination of disintegration processes, pleasant carbonation sensation masking unpleasant active ingredient taste, and superior gastrointestinal tolerance. This innovation offers promising prospects for degenerative disease prevention through local food resource utilization, though experimental validation regarding optimal formulation, effective dosage determination, and clinical efficacy assessment remains necessary for practical implementation.

The community service program in Dusun Bendrong aimed to foster environmental awareness through the planting of timber and fruit seedlings as a response to declining forest quality and reduced water availability caused by vegetation loss. This program sought to enhance community participation in forest conservation while strengthening local wisdom related to environmental stewardship. The activity was conducted in three stages: pre-activity observation and coordination with the Village Head and community leaders, joint planting of 14 seedlings by Student Community Service (KKM) participants and local residents, and monitoring and evaluation to assess implementation and participant understanding. The results showed that all seedlings were successfully planted, with high levels of participation from both students and community members. The activity increased awareness of forest conservation and highlighted the importance of collective action in maintaining environmental sustainability. Timber trees contributed to forest restoration, improved water absorption, and reduced erosion risk, while fruit trees provided additional economic and social benefits for the community. Overall, this participatory approach proved effective as a sustainable model for community service programs that integrate environmental conservation and community empowerment.

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of wage levels, economic growth, and the Human Development Index (HDI) on income inequality through labor absorption in the Districts/Cities of Jambi Province from 2020-2024. The research method used is a quantitative descriptive analysis using panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model approach.  The analysis method used Eviews 12. The results showed of that partially, income inequality in the Districts/Cities of Jambi Province is significant positive influenced by the wage level variable, while economic growth does not have a significant effect on income inequality. In addition, the Human Development Index (HDI) has a significant negative effect on income inequality. This implies that wage increases are actually followed by in income inequality. Meanwhile, economic growth has not been able to provide a broad income redistribution effect. Conversely, improving the quality of human development proves to be the most effective factor, as it is capable of significant reducing inequalirt levels. Simultaneously, the results show that the variables of wage levels, economic growth, and the Human Development Index (HDI) collectively have a significant influence on income inequality in Districts/Cities of Jambi Province.

The increasing demand for housing in tropical regions requires building materials that are fast to apply, environmentally friendly, and resilient to extreme climate conditions as well as disaster risks. Conventional interlocking bricks are often chosen for their ease of construction, yet they still face challenges such as moisture and early cracking. This study proposes the innovation of the Hybrid Living Green Brick, a combination of lightweight bricks made from rice husk ash and fly ash waste (FRCB) with a biological layer of cyanobacteria. FRCB improves compressive strength by approximately 30% with the addition of 5% rice husk ash, achieving 65 kg/cm², thereby meeting Class 50 requirements (≥50 kg/cm²) according to SNI-15-2094-2000. The incorporation of 3% cyanobacteria provides an additional though not significant strength improvement, while still within the Class 50 category. It also reduces brick weight by 4.3%, with further optimization potential through cyanobacteria integration, and lowers carbon emissions from the firing process. Cyanobacteria induce the formation of CaCO₃ layers that seal pores, reduce water absorption by an average of 10%, and provide self-healing properties for microcracks. Preliminary observations indicate that FRCB offers stable mechanical performance, while biological activity was observed on the 7th day with the formation of pale-white mineral layers continuing until the 28th day. This hybrid innovation shows potential to support sustainable and disaster-resilient tropical construction by combining the mechanical strength of waste-based materials with the biological durability of cyanobacteria against extreme climates. Despite challenges related to moisture control and production standardization, the Hybrid Living Green Brick concept opens new pathways for developing environmentally friendly construction materials that are more adaptive to disaster-prone tropical conditions.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in Indonesia's economy with a contribution of more than 60 percent to the Gross Domestic Product and the absorption of 97 percent of the national workforce, but their participation in international trade is still low with only 14 percent involved in export activities. This research aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities faced by MSMEs in accessing the global market and identify adaptation strategies developed by entrepreneurs. A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was applied through in-depth interviews with 18 export-oriented MSME owners and managers in East Java who were selected by purposive sampling. Thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti revealed seven main challenges including limited access to capital, complexity of export regulations, constraints on production capacity and quality consistency, language and cross-cultural communication barriers, lack of international market information, logistics infrastructure problems, and intensive competition. On the other hand, four strategic opportunities were identified, namely increasing demand for sustainable authentic products, accelerating digitalization and e-commerce, utilizing free trade agreements, and ethical consumerism trends. MSMEs develop effective adaptation strategies in the form of strategic collaboration, product differentiation with  premium positioning, the use of digital technology, and a focus on  specific market niches. The research emphasizes that the successful internationalization of MSMEs requires a holistic approach integrating internal capacity building with the support of a conducive external ecosystem.

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to control blood glucose levels and improve digestive health. These benefits are closely associated with its bioactive metabolite content. This article aims to characterize the bioactive metabolites of bitter melon and to review their potential bioactivity in glycemic control and digestive function. The method employed includes a literature-based characterization of metabolites, identification of major classes of active compounds, and evaluation of analytical techniques commonly applied in natural product research, such as phytochemical screening, chromatography, and spectroscopic analysis. The results indicate that bitter melon contains various bioactive metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenoids, and polyphenols, which contribute to blood glucose reduction by enhancing insulin sensitivity and inhibiting glucose absorption. Furthermore, these compounds support digestive health by improving digestive enzyme activity, exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects, and maintaining gut microbial balance. In conclusion, bitter melon represents a promising source of natural bioactive compounds with significant potential for application in health and pharmaceutical development.

In general, infrastructure development requires materials from nature and one of them is natural coarse aggregate of crushed stone. The rapid development of infrastructure in Indonesia has resulted in the depletion of the natural coarse aggregate. Therefore, other efforts are needed in terms of using coarse aggregate as a construction material. So in this study the aim is to make artificial coarse aggregate made from fly ash. The results showed that this artificial coarse aggregate met the requirements of the General Specifications of Bina Marga 2010 rev 3 as a construction material, namely for an abrasion value of 40% and water absorption of 3%. In this study, 5 types of comparisons were carried out, namely, 70:30%, 60:40%, 50:50%, 40:60%, 30:70 and for the type of composition comparison 70:30% (70% fly ash:30% cement). ) the abrasion value is still below 40%, and the amount of water absorption is below 3% so that this artificial coarse aggregate still meets the standard specifications of General Highways 2010 rev 3. Based on the price comparison that has been made between artificial coarse aggregate and natural coarse aggregate of crushed stone , shows a price disparity of Rp. 35,779 - Rp. 58,779. Thus, this artificial coarse aggregate is one solution that can be developed to reduce the environmental impact due to the presence of fly ash which is quite abundant in Indonesia.

This study analyzes the economic dynamics and development of the tourism sector in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) Province during the 2015–2024 period. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach using secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). Data analysis is carried out through descriptive statistical methods and trend analysis to capture changes and patterns over time. The variables examined include regional economic growth, the number of tourist visits, road infrastructure development, labor absorption, and hotel occupancy rates across five districts/cities in the province. The findings indicate that the economy of DIY demonstrates relatively strong resilience in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period, supported by gradual recovery in tourism-related activities. The development and operation of Yogyakarta International Airport have significantly contributed to economic growth in Kulon Progo Regency, particularly by improving accessibility and investment opportunities. The tourism sector continues to serve as the main economic driver in the region, with tourist visits largely concentrated in Sleman Regency and Yogyakarta City, while Gunungkidul Regency shows considerable potential for nature-based tourism development. Overall, the study concludes that equitable infrastructure development and the strengthening of the service sector are crucial to ensuring sustainable and inclusive economic growth in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

The shift in economic structure from a reliance on traditional agriculture to modern industrialization has yielded various competitive advantages for a region. The presence of leading sectors at the local level is a strong indicator of increased added value and high productivity, fueled by a healthy competitive climate among business actors. This phenomenon is closely related to the characteristics of the industrial sector, which possesses very strong forward and backward linkages, making it a primary driver of national economic growth. Progress in the manufacturing sector is not merely a measure of economic success but also serves as a driver of fiscal stability through massive employment absorption and increased foreign exchange earnings. Industrial growth is considered highly strategic because it holds significant potential for future expansion through technological innovation and production efficiency. This condition makes industrial cluster development an instrument for driving sustainable economic growth in Indonesia, while simultaneously strengthening the competitiveness of local products in the global market through the integration of a more organized production system.

This study examines the impact of industrial activities in Bontang City, a major center for natural gas processing and fertilizer production, which potentially increases heavy metal contamination in coastal waters. Specifically, the research focuses on the accumulation of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) in Anadara granosa, a benthic bivalve selected as a bioindicator due to its capacity to accumulate pollutants. The study aims to analyze Pb and Cu concentrations in Anadara granosa tissues collected from the waters of Selangan Hamlet, Bontang City, as an indicator of local environmental quality. The research was conducted over a six-month period, involving shellfish and water sampling from four observation stations. Heavy metal analysis was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, and the results were evaluated against relevant environmental quality standards, including Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021. The findings revealed the presence of Pb and Cu at all sampling stations, with varying concentrations. The highest Pb and Cu levels were recorded at the South Station, while the lowest concentrations were observed at the East and North Stations. Overall, the measured concentrations of both metals significantly exceeded established safety limits, indicating serious risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. These results confirm Anadara granosa as an effective bioindicator of heavy metal pollution and highlight the urgent need for further studies and mitigation efforts.

During the coal stockpiling process, the quality of coal may increase or decrease due to direct exposure to open environmental conditions, which can lead to changes in its characteristics. The longer the coal is stored in an open area, the more it undergoes changes caused by rainfall, heat, and air exposure, resulting in an increase in moisture content and ash content, while the calorific value decreases. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the optimal coal stockpiling duration at the ROM coal stockpile to ensure that the calorific value does not significantly decrease. Coal sampling was carried out every two days from the initial time of stockpiling. After a two-month stockpiling period, the final coal quality results showed a total moisture of 13.89% (ar), inherent moisture of 15.95% (ad), ash content of 4.59% (ad), volatile matter of 40.3% (ad), and fixed carbon of 39.16% (ad). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the recommended storage duration for MCV-HS type coal at the ROM coal stockpile is 154 days. The laboratory analysis results obtained during the research indicate that the longer the coal is stored, the higher the moisture content and ash content become, while the calorific value continues to decrease. This occurs due to water absorption and oxidation reactions that take place during the coal storage period in the ROM coal stockpile.

The use of sengon albasia ash waste as a partial cement substitute in concrete production is carried out to reduce combustion waste and also reduce cement use. This study focuses on the use of sengon albasia wood ash waste. The use of sengon albasia wood ash as a cement substitute causes a significant decrease in the slump test value. The use of sengon albasia wood ash as a partial cement substitute in concrete mixes actually produces different results depending on the proportion. If added as much as 10%, the concrete's compressive strength actually increases, but if it reaches 20% or 30%, the compressive strength actually decreases. This occurs because this type of wood ash has a significant water absorption capacity. As a result, the water that should be used for The chemical activity occurring between cement and water is diminished, so that the bond between the cement mixture as a binder and aggregate as a filler is reduced, and ultimately the concrete's compressive strength also decreases.

Thick leaf (Glochidion superbum) is a medicinal plant traditionally utilized by the community of East Panjang Island for the treatment of wounds, pain, and ulcers. This research was conducted to isolate the major compounds present in the ethyl acetate fraction of thick leaf and to assess its antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The plant leaves were first cleaned, dried, and powdered, followed by maceration extraction using methanol, which resulted in an extract yield of 16.42%. The crude extract was fractionated by column chromatography using EtOAc and MeOH eluents with ratios of 9:1 (K1), 4:1 (K2), 1:4 (K3), and 1:9 (K4). UV–Vis spectrophotometric analysis showed an absorption peak at 288 nm, indicating the presence of phenolic compounds, identified as ferulic acid. Antioxidant testing using the DPPH method showed IC₅₀ values for fractions K1, K2, K3, and K4 of 12.981, 5.159, 9.658, and 10.971 µg/mL, respectively, with vitamin C as a positive control (3.563 µg/mL). Fraction K2 showed the strongest antioxidant activity. These results indicate that thick leaf contains ferulic acid with very strong antioxidant activity and has potential as a natural antioxidant source.

Indonesia is one of the countries with abundant availability of palm fiber composite, yet its application in advanced material technology remains limited. On the other hand, most motorcycle helmets available in the market are made from ABS plastic, which has limitations in impact energy absorption and may increase the risk of head injuries during accidents. This study aims to develop helmet composites based on palm fiber and epoxy resin by varying the fiber volume fractions (15%, 25%, and 35%) and alkali soaking durations (75, 150, 225, and 300 minutes). The impact strength test results showed that the combination of 35% fiber volume and 225-minute alkali soaking produced the highest specific impact energy (SIP) of 0.142 J/mm². As a comparison, SNI-compliant helmets made from ABS plastic only reached an EPS value of 0.00972 J/mm², indicating that palm fiber-based composite helmets could improve impact energy absorption efficiency by more than 14 times. The results conclude that increasing the fiber volume fraction and optimizing the alkali treatment duration significantly enhances the impact resistance, making ijuk-based composite helmets a promising alternative for safer and more eco-friendly protective gear.

Supercapacitor electrode material bassed on Pelepah Enceng Gondok Activated Carbon (KAPEG have been developed for increasing the performance of the supercapacitor application. The activated carbon surface structure and its properties strongly depend on the pyrolysis temperature and the type of activation methods. The bamboo carbon has been fabricated using pyrolysis method. The KAPEG was produced using chemical activation with H3PO4 as activation agent with variation of temperature activation 750oc have been carried out. Characterization of the surface structure (functional groups vibration) of bamboo carbon (CB) pyrolysis and the Pelepah enceng Gonddok activated carbon (KAPEG) were carried out using FTIR. The aim of this research is  to identify the functional groups vibration. he FTIR rssults shows absorption peeaks of functional groups of -OH, C=O, C-O, C-H and C-C vibration. The increasing of wavenumber of absorption peaks of functional groups -OH stretching, C=O stretching and C-H indicate that the functional groups bond for KAPEG samples becomes more stronger than for KPEG sample. The conclusion of this research are: the increasing of wavenumber of absorption peaks for functional groups indicates of more stronger of functional groups bond.

Job opportunities are available for prospective workers who are looking for work. The existence of job opportunities in an area will greatly open up opportunities for labor absorption, such as opening job opportunities for local inter-worker (AKL) workers, which is the placement of workers between regencies/cities working within one province. The research method used in this study is a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation at the Pematang Siantar City Manpower Office. All data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively with all data collected using the theory of Fred R. David (2019), namely Strategy Implementation with 3 variables, namely Strategy Development, Human Resource Allocation, and Determining Budget Funds. Based on the research that has been conducted, it can be seen that the Pematang Siantar City Manpower Office has attempted to provide the best solution by designing several programs to provide more job opportunities. Viewed from the development strategy perspective, the Manpower Office has realized several work programs such as job fair events held, competency-based training programs that are already running, and focusing on information about the labor market. The analysis revealed several shortcomings, including the government's inconsistency in implementing the program. Furthermore, the government's human resource allocation has been unable to improve the quality of human resources, particularly in Pematang Siantar City. Furthermore, the government's budget allocation has been ineffective in determining appropriate funding, resulting in limited funding and ineffective program implementation.

This study investigates the impact of population growth and the Human Development Index (HDI) on economic growth and unemployment in East Kalimantan Province using path analysis with secondary data from 2014–2023. Population growth and human development are two critical demographic and socio-economic factors that often generate complex effects on regional economic performance. The results indicate that population growth has a negative and significant effect on economic growth, highlighting the pressure that rapid demographic expansion places on natural resources, infrastructure, and employment absorption capacity. Conversely, HDI demonstrates a positive and significant relationship with economic growth, suggesting that improvements in education, health, and income contribute to higher productivity and competitiveness. On the other hand, the direct effect of population growth and HDI on unemployment is negative but statistically insignificant, which implies that the availability of jobs and structural conditions of the labor market are more influential than demographic changes alone. Interestingly, economic growth shows a negative and significant effect on unemployment, supporting the classical theory that sustained economic expansion generates employment opportunities and reduces joblessness. Mediation tests reveal that economic growth does not significantly mediate the relationship between population growth or HDI and unemployment, underscoring that unemployment dynamics in East Kalimantan are influenced by broader structural factors such as sectoral concentration, policy effectiveness, and industrial diversification. These findings highlight the importance of integrating demographic management, human capital development, and sectoral economic strategies in policy formulation. Strengthening human development while controlling excessive population growth can provide a solid foundation for inclusive and sustainable economic progress in East Kalimantan.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Potassium Fertilizer and Chicken Manure on the Growth, Production and Potassium Absorption of Sweet Corn Plants. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is Potassium Fertilizer (K) consisting of 4 levels, namely:K0 = Control (Without fertilizer), K1 = 7.2 g/plot, K2 = 14.4 g/plot, K3 = 21.6 g/plot. The second factor of Chicken Manure Fertilizer (C) consists of 3 treatment levels, namely: C1 = 2160 g/plot, C2 = 2880 g/plot, C3 = 3600 g/plot. The results of this study indicate thatPotassium fertilizer treatment had a significant effect onplant height, weight of cobs with husks per plant, weight of cobs per plot.The treatment of chicken manure has a significant effect onplant height, weight of cobs with husks per plant, and weight of cobs per plot.The interaction between potassium fertilizer and chicken manure had no significant effect on all observation parameters.

South Sumatra is a province with high natural resource potential in the palm oil plantation sector. The increasing demand for palm oil has led to many companies operating in this sector. One such plantation company is PT. Agro Muara Rupit, located in Rawas Ulu District, North Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra Province. This research is important because plantations are not only assessed from a commercial perspective, but must also have a positive impact on environmental sustainability. One environmentally conscious design concept is ecological architecture. Ecological architecture plays a role in protecting ecosystems from damage and creating comfort for residents from a physical, social, and economic perspective. This research aims to create environmentally conscious residential designs by applying ecological architecture concepts, ensuring the preservation of the natural environment. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with stages namely problem identification, data collection, analysis, and concept development, then the concept is implemented into the design. The results of this study are the implementation of four aspects of the ecological architecture concept in residential environments, including through natural ventilation and lighting systems by creating openings in the building, energy savings by using solar panels, the use of natural materials in the building mass such as clay, wood and bamboo, and the application of a bio pore system as water absorption.