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Elderly people have a high risk of suffering from degenerative diseases, one of which is metabolic disorders. This is more widely recognized by the elderly when they are already in severe condition and with complications so that it has an impact on various aspects including increasing morbidity and mortality rates, as well as decreasing quality of life of the elderly and decreasing ability of the elderly to carry out daily activities. Metabolic disorders are caused by increased blood glucose levels in the body known as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) which is one of the health problems of the ten diseases that cause death and disability globally. The implementation of community service activities for Preventive Efforts for the Elderly in Diabetes Mellitus through several stages, namely the survey and field observation stages and counseling for Preventive Efforts for the Elderly in Diabetes Mellitus counseling is carried out for approximately 90 minutes, as well as evaluations in the form of pre-tests and post-tests. The provision of education was carried out on Wednesday, November 14, 2024 at the Antara Health Center, the number of participants was 32 people. Based on the results of the knowledge of the elderly before and after the counseling for Preventive Efforts for the Elderly in Diabetes Mellitus, it was found that 15 elderly people had sufficient knowledge and 17 elderly people had insufficient knowledge. After conducting counseling on Preventive Efforts for the Elderly in Diabetes Mellitus, the results obtained were a sufficient increase of 30 and less than 2 elderly. This means that community service on Preventive Efforts for the Elderly in Diabetes Mellitus is very effective in the elderly in order to prevent an increase in glucose levels. Counseling on preventive efforts for the elderly in diabetes regarding these degenerative diseases is very necessary so that the elderly maintain their health better. The elderly are expected to be able to understand about efforts to prevent and treat degenerative diseases in the elderly with diabetes. Hopefully this community service can be a reference for researchers and further community service, as well as the community.

This article discusses Jesus Christ's sacrifice on the cross as evidence of human atonement and its relevance to believers today. From the perspective of Christian faith, this event is considered a central point in the history of salvation, demonstrating divine grace and justice. Through a search of the meaning of Christ's sacrifice, this article provides a broad understanding of the meaning of Christ's suffering for man's atonement and explains how Christ's sacrifice is concrete evidence of unconditional love and the divine will to blot out human sin. Through the analysis of the meaning of redemption worked out by Jesus Christ, which will expand the theoretical basis of the purpose of Jesus' sacrifice on the cross. This article also provides a theory of the importance of understanding Christ's sacrifice on the cross, thus becoming a reference for believers in terms of faith and belief that through Christ's sacrifice brings redemption to believers. Meanwhile, the relevance of Christ's sacrifice on the cross will also affect several aspects of the believer's life, namely in terms of faith, confession, and holy living. In writing this article, a qualitative approach method is used with a literature study method. The search for the meaning of Christ's sacrifice can be studied from several perspectives, namely the theological perspective, the moral perspective and the psychologist's perspective. From a theological perspective, Christ's sacrifice is a form of God's love for man, so He sent His Son, Jesus Christ, as a sacrifice to redeem believers. So that the work of salvation done by Jesus Christ leads to a victory for believers because they have been redeemed and freed from the power of death, and also becomes a means of improving the relationship between man and God. From a moral perspective, it can be understood that Christ's sacrifice on the cross is an example of sacrifice and an example of love for believers. Thus, this article contributes to the understanding of Christ's sacrifice on the cross as a form of human atonement, and enriches the spiritual life of believers and strengthens faith, motivates spiritual life, and clarifies the moral principles underlying the Christian life.

Domestic violence (DV) is a phenomenon that significantly impacts the physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being of victims. This study aims to explore the role of pastoral counseling in assisting victims of domestic violence, specifically a woman named Ibu Butet, who experienced physical and psychological abuse from her husband and her husband’s family. A qualitative approach with a case study method was used to delve into Ibu Butet's experiences through empathetic pastoral interviews rooted in Christian spirituality. The pastoral care process focused on inner healing, discovering life’s meaning, and strengthening faith as a source of hope.The findings show that pastoral counseling provides a safe space for victims to express their emotional wounds, overcome trauma, and find new strength through spiritual reflection and prayer. In this context, the role of pastors or counselors as compassionate listeners embodying Christ’s love is crucial to the healing process. The study concludes that pastoral counseling not only helps victims cope with their suffering but also guides them to find renewed hope and purpose in life amidst difficult circumstances.

Giving thanks in success is a natural and important part of a believer's life, especially when life is filled with abundance. However, the ability to remain grateful in the midst of failures and difficulties is a challenge in itself that tests the firmness of faith. In his letter to the Philippians, the Apostle Paul provides an example and an important message on how to remain grateful to God, even when he himself faced prison and suffering. This paper aims to explore the deep meaning of thanksgiving based on Philippians and how it can be applied in the daily lives of believers. Using a descriptive approach and relying on the Bible as the main source, this study reveals that Paul taught four main dimensions of thanksgiving: thanksgiving in suffering, thanksgiving in service, thanksgiving for Christ, and thanksgiving for God's blessings. True thanksgiving comes from a deep relationship with God, which enables one to remain steadfast in the midst of life's challenges. These principles become relevant to help believers live life with a grateful heart, both in easy and difficult circumstances, and find true peace in their faith journey.

The prolonged conflict between Israel and Palestine has caused suffering on both sides, even extending to the global level. As a humanitarian response, various countries including Indonesia have boycotted products affiliated with Israel. The boycott movement is a form of protest carried out collectively by the community to oppose certain actions, products, or policies that are considered detrimental. This research uses a normative juridical approach, by analyzing regulations such as MUI Fatwa No. 83 of 2023. The results show that the boycott of pro-Israel products has a significant social impact. Positively, it encourages the growth of local products and provides moral support for Palestine. However, there are negative impacts, such as a potential increase in unemployment due to a decrease in the activities of companies affiliated with Israel. The boycott movement also serves as humanitarian solidarity and a symbol of resistance to occupation, although it needs management to reduce the negative impact on domestic labor. The public is urged to support the boycott strategically with an eye on national employment. This step is part of the global struggle for Palestinian justice and independence.

Hypertension is a health problem that is often found in society with a prevalence in Indonesia of 30.8%, is one of the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that are still a health problem in Indonesia because of their contribution to cardiovascular disease as a contributor to morbidity and mortality in society. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age, gender and obesity status with the incidence of hypertension, through a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted on 219 respondents using a total sampling technique. The data obtained were analyzed univariately and bivariately. The results of the univariate analysis showed that the percentage of hypertension was 18.72% and the percentage of obesity was 40.2%. The results of the bivariate analysis using the Chi square test produced a significance level of p-value of 0.000 (significant) between age and obesity with a PR value of 3.47 (CI 1.22-9.87) for the age group above 54 years, and a PR value of 2.66 (CI 1.21-5.81) for the age group 46-54 years (with the age group 18-45 years as a reference). The results of the bivariate analysis using the Chi square test between gender and obesity produced a p-value of 0.0040 with a PR of 0.45. The results of the chi square test between obesity and hypertension were proven to be statistically significant with a PR of 1.90, meaning that respondents with obesity had a 1.9 times greater risk of suffering from hypertension than people without hypertension.

Feminism studies are studies that focus on the movement of women to gain freedom and determine themselves. In this beautiful novel Luka depicts the oppression of women during the Japanese colonial period. The beautiful novel Luka shows the resilience of a mixed Dutch and native woman who was detained by the Japanese army and had to be forced to work as a prostitute. The problem of this research is what is the psychological aspect of feminism analysis contained in the beautiful novel Luka by Eka Kurniawan? What is the social aspect of feminism analysis? contained in the novel "beautiful wound" by Eka Kurniawan. This research aims to find out: analysis of feminism, social aspects contained in the novel "beautiful wound" by Eka Kurniawan. The theory used by the author is mana sikana theory (2005), Ghajali, et al (1980), Ahmad Fauzi (1999). The authors used descriptive methods to conduct this research. The technique used was hermaneutic techniques. The type of research was library research. Research results (1) psychological aspects divided into character (character) thinking, taste, and emotional pressure (2) social aspects are divided into socialization process, social tasks, character (character) thinking, emotion, action, and reactions, flavors were found to be environmental factors and were influenced by age. Feelings of pressure were found to be frustration involving feelings of disappointment, sadness, sadness and suffering in each female character. Social aspects, especially the socialization process based on formal and informal education. Social tasks based on the role of wives and society. Social classes are based on lower, middle and upper class categories.

This study aims to identify, describe, analyze, know and understand the impact and fulfillment of the rights of prisoners against overcapacity in Class II A Samarinda Penitentiary based on the Penology perspective. By using a social legal research approach and a normative legal approach. The data source collection technique uses primary legal data, secondary legal data and tertiary legal data related to the problems studied. The results of the study indicate that first, the impact of overcapacity of Class II A Samarinda Penitentiary on the rights of prisoners reviewed from the Penology concept is the increasing risk of violations containing criminal elements, causing new suffering, sanitation and unhealthy lifestyles. Second, the ideal effort to fulfill the rights of prisoners against overcapacity in Class II A Samarinda Penitentiary is to take preventive measures, namely by approaching inmates in the dormitory and repressive measures, namely imposing disciplinary penalties according to the type of violation committed.

Fear of divine punishment is a spiritually charged form of distress that appears in ordinary religious struggle, moral injury, shame-based faith formation, and, in some cases, scrupulosity. This article examines pastoral accompaniment for Christian congregants who interpret suffering, intrusive thoughts, moral imperfection, or ordinary uncertainty as evidence that God is angry and punitive. The study addresses a constructive problem: many pastoral responses either normalize fear as evidence of seriousness before God or dismiss it as irrational anxiety, yet both responses can intensify spiritual distress. Using a conceptual qualitative design, the article synthesizes peer-reviewed studies on religious and spiritual struggles, scrupulosity, spiritually integrated care, moral injury, and practical theology. The analysis proposes that pastoral care should neither dilute theological seriousness nor reinforce punitive images of God. Its main synthesis is a threefold pastoral framework, differentiated assessment, grace-oriented theological reframing, and collaborative accompaniment that includes referral when symptoms suggest obsessive-compulsive disorder, trauma, depression, or suicidal risk. The article concludes that effective pastoral accompaniment moves congregants from retributive anxiety toward secure attachment to God, morally responsible agency, and communal practices of confession, assurance, lament, and restoration. The contribution is a constructive model for churches that treats fear of divine punishment as a theological-psychological struggle requiring discernment, doctrinal care, ethical boundaries, and interdisciplinary cooperation.

Max Havelaar's book (1860) is a novel by Multatuli, a Dutch writer whose real name is Eduard Douwes Dekker. The book written by Multatuli contains criticism of the Dutch colonial government's policy of forced planting and exploitation that afflicted the people of the Dutch East Indies (the name of Indonesia at that time). This research aims to find out how the book describes the social criticism directed at the Dutch colonial government over the forced planting policy during the colonial period. The method used is descriptive analytical with literature study techniques. The object of research is the book Max Havelaar by Multatuli. The results of the analysis show that the social criticism conveyed by Multatuli in Max Havelaar's novel aims to open the awareness of the Dutch colonial government and local nobles about the unfair and unequal government system so as to cause suffering for the indigenous people. This research has the potential to be a reference.

Infertility is one of the most common diseases in the world in last period of all types,whether it is due to (asthenospermia,oligoasthenospermia,teratospermia,hormonal imbalance).Study aims to reveal negative effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on fertilization, this studywas conducted in the Al-Jazeera Specialized Laboratory in the city of Kut for the periodbetween (January to November from 2024), two hundred A person suffering from infertility.The semen was examined for all of them, they were divided into eighty of them being normal(the control group) and one hundred and twenty suffering from infertility (asthenospermia)hormonal test and sperm DNA fragmentation test (by Kit methods) was performed for everyone, this study showed Following, we obtained higher proportions of sperm DNA fragmentedinfertile Which had an abnormal shape and low motility. The results are similar to those ofother studies, which found that the DFI in infertile group was significantly higher than that infertile group (34.53 ± 4.6 % compared to11.91 ± 4.0 %) and mean sperm concentration infertile group was significantly higher compared to infertile group (83.22 ± 14.9 /ml comparedto11.67 ± 10.7 /ml) from this study. Through this study, the DFI test they can be used fordiscrimination and between the infertile male and normal male . Male men with sperm (DFI ≥25.1% ) had a (2.52 ) times higher risk of infertility compared to males with sperm (DFI <25.1%). This study shows that there is a negative relationship between (spem DNAfragmentation , sperm motility and formation) in infertile males. In addition, it can be concluded that sperm DNA fragmentation is very useful in selecting and choosing suitable sperm to beused in many techniques, including assisted reproductive techniques. It can also be concludedthat the results of sperm DNA fragmentation analysis are encouraging and useful and can beused for diagnostic purposes in determining male infertility

This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach and library research. This research aims to determine parents' efforts to encourage the growth and development of children with dyslexia. The subjects of this research were children suffering from dyslexia with the initials A. Data collection techniques used observation methods in their research, and various sources of reviews of other research articles. The results of this research are that the first step that parents can make is to introduce the letters of the alphabet in an interesting way, such as inviting children to watch educational videos about the alphabet, parents start teaching children to put words together slowly. So that children understand better, parents can start teaching them how to spell words clearly. And parents can also provide emotional support to children so that children are more confident and motivated in reading

Research using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotics in animated films is based on his triadic approach, namely icons, indexes, and symbols, which are used to understand the hidden meaning in every visual and narrative sign. In the context of film analysis, semiotics functions as a tool to dismantle and understand the structure and meaning contained in visual and narrative elements. This analysis can be done using Peirce's icon, index, and symbol approach. Researchers see how these signs play a role in forming the film's main theme or message. Researchers interpret the meaning of these signs in the social, cultural, or ideological context represented by the animated film. This approach is important for understanding how animated films reflect or influence social views on the themes discussed, such as the role of mothers or families. This interpretation also involves analyzing whether these signs contain social criticism or certain moral messages. Based on the results of the analysis, the audience not only sees the mother as a character but also as a symbol of inspiring strength, which can ultimately shape the audience's perception of the importance of the role of mothers in everyday life. Indirectly, the peace that occurs because there is a strong mother figure in carrying out the rebellion, the strength that was born within her because of the sad circumstances of life, the heartbreaking loss, the circumstances full of suffering. From the film it can be seen that the strength and sacrifice of a mother is extraordinary.

The humanity and sinlessness of Jesus Christ in carrying out His mission in the world, has always been an interesting theme and invites debate, both among theologians and secularists. Human weakness in understanding and accepting the fact of the dual nature of Jesus Christ, presents various skeptical views, rejections and refutations, including suspicion and doubt that in carrying out His mission, Jesus did not act in His sinless human nature, but in His holy divine nature. However, whatever the forms of rejection, suspicion and debate against that view, the truth of God's Word is accurate evidence and at the same time an answer. This study aims to test the truth that during His mission in the world, Jesus was a true sinless human being, using a method using a qualitative approach using secondary techniques through literature studies.The humanity and sinlessness of Jesus Christ in carrying out His mission in the world has always been an interesting theme and has invited debate, both among theologians and secularists. Human weakness in understanding and accepting the fact of the dual nature of Jesus Christ, presents various views of skepticism, rejection and refutation, not least the suspicion and doubt that in carrying out His mission, Jesus did not act in His sinless human nature, but in His holy divine nature. However, whatever the forms of rejection, suspicion and debate regarding this view, the truth of God's Word is accurate evidence and at the same time the answer that Jesus' human nature is real and during the mission of His redemptive work Jesus acted with His sinless human nature. The results of the study concluded that Jesus' humanity was real, and during his redemptive mission, Jesus acted with a sinless humanity. This study confirms that even though Jesus experienced a full human life, including suffering and weakness, He still lived without sin and without moral fault. This is an important belief in Christian theology that emphasizes that Jesus' humanity does not diminish His purity and holiness in carrying out his redemptive mission for humanity.

The attitude of Christians to live righteously and live holy is very necessary amidst the lives of people who live evil and unclean lives. Roman Emperors and their followers in ancient times rejected John's prophecies written in the Book of Revelation, so they continued to carry out evil and dirty deeds. Likewise, some members of the Christian congregation in Asia Minor were unwilling to endure suffering because of it offended Jesus Christ through their sinful actions. Christians were constantly intimidated into denying Jesus, so that some did not faithfully follow Jesus to the point of death. The aim of this research is to encourage readers and listeners of the essence of the Book of Revelation not to do evil and unclean things in their lives. The research methodology used is qualitative research with a literature research approach. The result obtained is that if Christian educators become more loyal in teaching Christians (Christian students) in educational institutions, then Christian students will increasingly free themselves from the evil and uncleanness they once practiced. Conclusion: Christians (Christian students) must be taught continuously through the word of God to experience repentance, live righteously, live holy, and not to deny Jesus Christ in their lives.

This study was conducted in the laboratories of Samarra Teaching Hospital and some private laboratories in the city of Samarra in salah aldiyn  Governorate for a period from 1/8/2024 to 1/9/2024, where the study included (50) samples of women of reproductive age, ranging in age from (20-40) years, and were distributed into two groups: Patient group: (30) samples were from female patients with PCOS, Control group: (20) samples of healthy women. The pathological cases of women suffering from PCOS were confirmed after conducting clinical examinations and referring them to the specialist doctor and performing an ultrasound examination. after that, blood was taken from both groups (patients and healthy women) and separated using a centrifuge. Then the  sex hormones Luting hormone -LH, Folic stimulating hormone-FSH, and some biochemical variables, which included (Vascular endothelial growth factor-VEGF , Irisin, Copeptin). The results of the this study  showed a significant rise in each of the hormones (LH. FSH, Testosterone ,Copeptin, VEGF) and a significant low in (Irisin) in the blood serum of women infected with PCOS compered a healthy women , with a probability of P ≤ 0.05.

Euthanasia, or "good death," is a controversial practice and has sparked debate in many parts of the world. In a medical context, euthanasia refers to the act of ending a person's life to reduce suffering due to terminal illness or incurable medical conditions. In Indonesia, where the majority of the population is Muslim, this issue has become very relevant to the view of Islamic law which emphasizes the importance of preserving life as a gift from Allah. According to this view, euthanasia is contrary to the basic principles of Islam that value life and affirm that only Allah has the right to determine a person's death. On the other hand, the medical code of ethics puts forward the principles of non-maleficence (no harm) and beneficence (doing good), but in terminal cases, this leads to ethical dilemmas in cases where ending the patient's life is considered a way to reduce suffering. The practice also presents challenges in terms of patient autonomy and the obligation of doctors to respect their decisions. In this context, this study aims to explore euthanasia from the perspective of Islamic law and medical ethics, as well as analyze the relationship between these two aspects in the context of Indonesian society and culture, as well as the practical challenges faced by doctors and patients in dealing with this issue.

Marriage in the Christian context is considered sacred because it is established by God as a depiction of the union between Christ and His church. However, the current reality shows a lack of holiness in Christian marital relationships. This writing addresses this issue by referencing biblical texts and the realities of Christian life. This paragraph explores theological views on the husband – wife relationship, emphasizing the importance of Christ's love and humility in marriage, as taught in Ephesians 5:22-25. Additionally, it highlights the importance of premarital counseling in preparing couples for the challenges of marriage. Psalm 90:10 is also used as a guide for facing difficulties and suffering in life. By considering biblical guidance and life realities, this writing emphasizes the importance of involving God in every aspect of marital life. The research method used is a theological approach, examining various biblical texts connected to Ephesians 5:22-25 and theologians' interpretations.

Euthanasia, also known as “Assisted Suicide”, is the deliberate act of ending a person's life to relieve their suffering that cannot be relieved by treatment. This has sparked debate in various fields, including in the field of Islamic law or syariah. In the perspective of syariah law, life is considered a gift from Allah that must be fully protected. Protection of life is the main goal of Syariah (maqasid al-shariah). Therefore, Islam strictly prohibits any attempt to end life intentionally, including euthanasia. According to syariah law, only Allah has full rights over a person's life and death. Euthanasia is considered a violation of the basic principles of syariah which prohibit killing, whether of oneself or another person. Although reasons such as suffering and pain are often used to justify euthanasia, in the view of syariah, suffering is considered a test that must be faced with patience and devotion to Allah. This article aims to examine in depth the view of syariah law towards lethal injection.

The role of ventilators as life-support devices in critical care has prompted ethical and religious discussions within Islamic perspectives, particularly regarding end-of-life decisions. Islam mandates the preservation of life as a sacred duty under the principle of hifz an-nafs (protection of life), balanced with the prohibition of excessive measures (israf) and avoidance of unnecessary suffering (la darar wa la dirar). This study explores Islamic perspectives on the use of ventilators by integrating modern medical ethics with Islamic jurisprudence, aiming to provide nuanced guidance for healthcare providers and Muslim families. Employing a qualitative document analysis, this research examines fatwas from various Islamic institutions and relevant ethical theories in Islamic law. Findings indicate significant variability among Islamic rulings, where some permit the withdrawal of ventilators under specific medical prognoses, while others advocate continued use as long as signs of life persist. The study underscores the need for comprehensive, practical Islamic medical guidelines to support healthcare providers and patients' families in making informed, ethical decisions in critical care situations.