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This research was carried out with the aim of this research being to analyze what errors there are in Arabic writing skills for beginner students. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with observation, documentation and data analysis techniques. The results of the research found errors in Arabic writing skills for beginner students.

This language error analysis aims to describe language errors in terms of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and spelling contained in descriptive texts made by X-11 students at SMAN 2 Tasikmalaya as well as providing corrections to these errors. The researcher used a descriptive analysis method by carrying out several stages in the research process, including: (1) collecting data, (2) describing the data, (3) analyzing the data, and (4) drawing conclusions. The research techniques used in this research are observation, interviews and literature studies or literature studies by conducting a review study of books, literature, notes and reports that are related to the problem being solved. The results of the analysis regarding language errors in descriptive texts made by X-11 students at SMAN 2 Tasikmalaya can be concluded that there are forms of language errors in the areas of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and spelling. Linguistic-morphological category errors include errors in affixation. Syntactic errors consist of errors in sentence construction. There are also semantic errors which consist of errors in the meaning of a sentence which can make the reader misinterpret the sentence. Then there are errors in the use of spelling or phonology, these spelling errors consist of spelling errors in usage and writing capital letters.

Language errors often occur consciously because students basically believe that they do not master the language system they use, so they are not sure about the words they make. Because of the difficulties he experienced, he then thought about creating his own language or even abandoning it. This research analyzes language errors from the most important thing, namely the speeches of Indonesian state leaders from the beginning until now. The analysis was carried out using theories viewed from a linguistic perspective, including Phonology, Semantics and Spelling (EYD). We should preserve the Indonesian language by communicating well, politely and courteously so that we as young people do not feel the fading of this language. Additionally, we must reduce the use of slang, especially in conversations on social media, as it can influence the way the next generation speaks. In everyday life, language must be adapted to the situation at hand and spoken correctly.

This study aims to analyze spelling patterns in the form of spelling errors in student speech texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the speech texts of students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Semester 5, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Gorontalo State University in the 2022/2023 academic year. The data in this study are sentences that contain spelling mistakes in accordance with EYD in the form of letter usage, word writing, punctuation usage, and writing of absorbed elements. The number of speech texts in the research is 40 speech texts. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research goes through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, data inference and verification, and final conclusion. The results of this study show that there are three forms of spelling errors in speech texts written by students, namely the use of letters, word writing, and the use of punctuation marks. The errors in the use of letters include errors in the use of capital letters as many as 20 errors consisting of errors in writing titles, geographic names, and greetings. Meanwhile, there were 5 italicization errors consisting of foreign language writing errors. Word writing errors in the form of preposition writing errors consist of 10 errors. Punctuation errors include 5 period errors and 27 comma errors.  

This study aims to analyze spelling patterns in the form of spelling errors in student speech texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the speech texts of students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Semester 5, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Gorontalo State University in the 2022/2023 academic year. The data in this study are sentences that contain spelling mistakes in accordance with EYD in the form of letter usage, word writing, punctuation usage, and writing of absorbed elements. The number of speech texts in the research is 40 speech texts. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research goes through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, data inference and verification, and final conclusion. The results of this study show that there are three forms of spelling errors in speech texts written by students, namely the use of letters, word writing, and the use of punctuation marks. The errors in the use of letters include errors in the use of capital letters as many as 20 errors consisting of errors in writing titles, geographic names, and greetings. Meanwhile, there were 5 italicization errors consisting of foreign language writing errors. Word writing errors in the form of preposition writing errors consist of 10 errors. Punctuation errors include 5 period errors and 27 comma errors.  

The problem in this research is that there are still students who still make mistakes in writing their thesis and also in using punctuation marks and the solution that the researcher provides is to upload the file to Google Drive and carry out analysis using Google Doc. The objectives of this research are (1) To find out language spelling errors in preparing thesis proposals for PGMI STAIBR Sibuhuan students. (2) To find out writing errors in STAIBR Sibuhuan student theses. (3) To describe spelling errors in using capital letters, errors in using italics, and errors in using bold letters in PGMI STAIBR Sibuhuan student theses. In this research the author used a type of field research, the design used was qualitative research, namely research that produces data in the form of written or spoken words from the people being observed. The researcher checked the validity of the data by means of source triangulation and technical triangulation. Source triangulation is triangulation carried out by interviewing various sources, such as the head of the library and lecturers, students from the class of 2017. However, the results obtained must remain the same. Meanwhile, technical triangulation is triangulation carried out by researchers by collecting different data from the same source. By using triangulation techniques in data collection, the data obtained will be better and more certain. Analysis of capital letter errors in writing and italics in students' theses at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI) Barumun Raya Islamic College (STAIBR) Sibuhuan. caused by errors in the use of capital letters as elements of the first letter of a word at the beginning of a sentence, the first letter of the name of a nation, ethnic group, and language. Analysis of errors in writing prepositions in, to and from students' theses at the Islamic High School Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI). Islam Barumun Raya (STAIBR) Sibuhuan is due to ignorance that the writing must be written separately from the words of its followers or a combination of words that are commonly considered as one word. Analysis of errors in the use of punctuation marks in students' theses at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI) Barumun Islamic College Raya (STAIBR) Sibuhuan errors which include errors in the use of the period punctuation mark (.), errors in the use of the comma punctuation mark (,), errors in the use of the colon (:), and errors in the use of the question mark (?) errors. Punctuation errors are caused by differences in perception in the use of punctuation marks in accordance with EYD guidelines.    

The problem in this research is that there are still students who still make mistakes in writing their thesis and also in using punctuation marks and the solution that the researcher provides is to upload the file to Google Drive and carry out analysis using Google Doc. The objectives of this research are (1) To find out language spelling errors in preparing thesis proposals for PGMI STAIBR Sibuhuan students. (2) To find out writing errors in STAIBR Sibuhuan student theses. (3) To describe spelling errors in using capital letters, errors in using italics, and errors in using bold letters in PGMI STAIBR Sibuhuan student theses. In this research the author used a type of field research, the design used was qualitative research, namely research that produces data in the form of written or spoken words from the people being observed. The researcher checked the validity of the data by means of source triangulation and technical triangulation. Source triangulation is triangulation carried out by interviewing various sources, such as the head of the library and lecturers, students from the class of 2017. However, the results obtained must remain the same. Meanwhile, technical triangulation is triangulation carried out by researchers by collecting different data from the same source. By using triangulation techniques in data collection, the data obtained will be better and more certain. Analysis of capital letter errors in writing and italics in students' theses at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI) Barumun Raya Islamic College (STAIBR) Sibuhuan. caused by errors in the use of capital letters as elements of the first letter of a word at the beginning of a sentence, the first letter of the name of a nation, ethnic group, and language. Analysis of errors in writing prepositions in, to and from students' theses at the Islamic High School Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI). Islam Barumun Raya (STAIBR) Sibuhuan is due to ignorance that the writing must be written separately from the words of its followers or a combination of words that are commonly considered as one word. Analysis of errors in the use of punctuation marks in students' theses at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI) Barumun Islamic College Raya (STAIBR) Sibuhuan errors which include errors in the use of the period punctuation mark (.), errors in the use of the comma punctuation mark (,), errors in the use of the colon (:), and errors in the use of the question mark (?) errors. Punctuation errors are caused by differences in perception in the use of punctuation marks in accordance with EYD guidelines.    

This study aims to analyze spelling patterns in the form of spelling errors in student speech texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the speech texts of students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Semester 5, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Gorontalo State University in the 2022/2023 academic year. The data in this study are sentences that contain spelling mistakes in accordance with EYD in the form of letter usage, word writing, punctuation usage, and writing of absorbed elements. The number of speech texts in the research is 40 speech texts. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research goes through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, data inference and verification, and final conclusion. The results of this study show that there are three forms of spelling errors in speech texts written by students, namely the use of letters, word writing, and the use of punctuation marks. The errors in the use of letters include errors in the use of capital letters as many as 20 errors consisting of errors in writing titles, geographic names, and greetings. Meanwhile, there were 5 italicization errors consisting of foreign language writing errors. Word writing errors in the form of preposition writing errors consist of 10 errors. Punctuation errors include 5 period errors and 27 comma errors.

Pronunciation plays an important role in communication. It provides the different meaning of English words when they are pronounced differently especially English diphthongs. Producing errors in pronouncing English diphthongs cause misunderstanding in communication. The research was aimed to know(1) the commonmispronounced diphthongs by the second semester of English Study Program’s students atintermediate speaking class and (2) the causation of errors in pronouncing English diphthongs. The mixed method research was used to get the data. The qualitative data were taken based on the observations, documentations, and interviews, meanwhile the quantitative data were taken based on the errors of the students on the tests. The results of the research were described by the percentages. The students commonly made diphthong errors as follows/uә/= 19.3%, /eә/= 21.3%, /ei/= 20%,/aʊ/= 13.10%, and/ɪә/= 26.2%.The errors happened in the classifications ofsubstitution = 46.9%, insertion = 13.8%, and omission = 39.3%. It happened because of the influence of inter-lingual and intra-lingual factors.

The purpose of this study is to find out the mistakes in writing Arabic vocabulary and the solutions to these mistakes. And the research methodology used by researchers is descriptive qualitative research, because researchers analyze facts in general by presenting existing facts to form new ideas based on the research reality. And data collection methods in this study are observation and documentation. And the results in writing Arabic vocabulary in learning writing skills that the researchers got in grade 4 SD Jam'iyyatul hujjaj Bukittinggi: Errors in writing Arabic vocabulary according to the rules as many as 25 students. errors in differentiating the writing of Arabic letters such as: ت،ط،ذ،ز،س،ش،ص،ض as many as 18 students. And errors in the difficulty of writing vowel dhommah as many as 16 students. errors in differentiating writing between tactic and ta marbuthah as many as 20 students. errors in distinguishing short length as many as 25 students. There are many solutions to errors in writing Arabic words, including providing more exposure for students in video or image form to professional writing.

This research aims to determine the utilization of information technology in mathematics learning in Class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Parigi Selatan. This is a case study that describes an actual situation. In collecting data, the researcher used data collection procedures through interviews with informants, who, in this case, were students, as the source of data and information. Qualitative data analysis in this research uses the SWOT analysis method, which systematically identifies various factors to formulate company strategies. This analysis is based on the logic that can maximize strengths and opportunities while minimizing weaknesses and threats. Then, identify the types of errors and conclude. From the strengths perspective, the results indicate that implementing online learning allows learning resources to be easily accessed online. From the perspective of weaknesses, an unstable internet connection affects students' focus on learning and teaching. From the perspective of opportunities, online learning enhances students' self-learning skills and provides new insights into technology and learning. Finally, from the perspective of threats, students' learning motivation decreases.    

In this study, the data that will be used as research objects are Regular Indonesian Language Education Students E 2020. This study aims to find out Indonesian language errors in WhatsApp group conversations for regular students E 2020. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The data collection technique comes from screenshots of text from the WhatsApp group application for Indonesian Language and Literature Education Regular E 2020. The research method contains an explanation of the methods used by researchers in conducting research. In this section the researcher explains the scientific procedures carried out by the researcher to produce a conclusion. The method contains research approaches and methods, data sources/populations and samples, methods for selecting samples/determining data sources, instruments, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques. This section contains a description of the procedure and research steps according to the topic being studied. The results of this study are that there are many mistakes made by students in communicating in groups such as using incorrect spelling, using non-standard words and using forgotten punctuation marks.

This study-aims to obtain a-clear picture of information on errors in-the use of standard words in the presentation slides of Unindra's 3rd semester students. Suwito1 (1983: 3159) states that the standard language is one that must be used as a standard because it is seen as fulfilling the criteria of a number of good and correct languages. This shows that it is appropriate that the-use of standard-language in Indonesian society, especially for the scope of students is very important. Therefore, we made this research to-find out-how-high the-level-of standard words used by students is. The steps for analyzing the data are 1) Analyzing the data set, this analysis includes: noting which data are non-standard words and entering non-standard word data into the justification table. 2) After the analysis of the stages above, the researcher counted the occurrence of non-standard words, namely from the non-standard number. With this result, we can find out how many times the non-standard word is used.

. Fraction is one of the materials in mathematics subject in class VII odd semester, which students must master well. Because this material continues from elementary school. Fraction is related to every day, and many problems use the concept of fractions. The research aims to describe the errors according to Newman's procedure, which students carry out to solve the issues. The methods used in data collection were tests and interviews. The written examination was given to class VII 15 students as the subject. The test questions consist of 4 item description questions, then from the results of the written test of 5 students who made mistakes according to the Newman procedure. The results of research that have been carried out on students according to Newman's approach in solving fractions questions as indicated by the results of their daily tests, the most frequent error is the process skill error and encoding error with a percentage of 58,33%, the transformation error is 51,66%, comprehension error 41,66% and the last percentage of reading error 25 %. The causes of student errors include being unable to read correctly, not understanding fractions, and being unable to determine the formula or steps to use, such as making mistakes in the calculation process and writing wrong information or answers.

The misdiagnosis of student problems by guidance counselors or BK teachers is a serious concern in counseling services at MAN 4 Medan. This study aims to identify the forms of misdiagnosis of student problems by guidance counselors or BK teachers, the impacts of misdiagnosis, and appropriate handling efforts in BK services at MAN 4 Medan. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The informants in this study were three guidance counselors or BK teachers and ten students from grades X and XI. Data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques. The results showed that the forms of misdiagnosis of student problems by guidance counselors or BK teachers consisted of three types, namely errors in identifying problems, errors in evaluating problems, and errors in determining actions. The impact of misdiagnosis was the incorrect handling of student problems, resulting in problems not being resolved well and potentially worsening the situation for students. Appropriate handling efforts in BK services at MAN 4 Medan include improving the quality of training and supervision for guidance counselors or BK teachers, increasing collaboration between guidance counselors or BK teachers and subject teachers and parents, and increasing the utilization of information and communication technology in counseling services. In conclusion, misdiagnosis of student problems by guidance counselors or BK teachers has a significant impact on students and requires appropriate handling efforts in BK services. Therefore, there needs to be serious attention to the implementation of BK services at MAN 4 Medan to avoid misdiagnosis that can harm students.

Aritmetika sosial merupakan salah satu materi pada  mata pelajaran matematika di kelas VII semester genap yang harus dikuasai dengan baik oleh siswa. Materi ini menyangkut kehidupan sosial, terutama penggunaan mata uang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesalahan-kesalahan yang di lakukan oleh siswa menurut teori Newman dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita aritmetika sosial. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengambilan data terdiri dari tes tertulis dan wawancara. Tes tertulis diberikan kepada 27 orang siswa dari kelas IXC, terdiri dari 5 butir soal uraian, setelah itu dari hasil tes tertulis diambil 5 siswa yang diperkirakan membuat kesalahan-kesalahan menurut Newman untuk menjadi subjek wawancara, setelah proses wawancara didapatkan bahwa 5 siswa tersebut membuat 5 kesalahan menurut teori newman yaitu kesalahan membaca, kesalahan memahami, kesalahan transformasi, Kesalahan Ketrampilan Proses. Kesalahan Penulisan Jawaban Akhir. Dan dianalisis juga jawaban dari 27 orang siswa dari kelas IXC di SMP N 2 Langowan dengan menggunakan teori newman dan mendapatkan hasil yaitu sering terjadi adalah kesalahan penentuan jawaban akhir dengan persentase sebesar 55,93%, kesalahan keterampilan proses 53,38%, kesalahan transformasi sebesar 49,15%, kesalahan memahami 33,05%, kemudian kesalahan membaca 32,20%.

This study aims to determine the external factors and internal factors that cause learning difficulties and their relationship with the learning outcomes of Biology class XI IPA MAN 3 Padang. The change in the online learning process to offline learning since the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on external factors and internal factors that cause learning difficulties that affect student learning outcomes. This type of research is descriptive with quantitative research methods. The study was carried out at MAN 3 Padang with a population of 165 students of class XI science who were registered in the even semester of the academic year 2021/2022, with a sample of 33 students. The sampling technique is random sampling, which is done randomly, using an error rate of 5%. Data collection in this study used a questionnaire containing statements of external factors and internal factors of students' learning difficulties using a Likert scale, and documents on students' learning outcomes for Biology in the even mid-semester exams for the 2021/2022 academic year. From the results of the study, it is known that the level of learning difficulties for external factors obtained an average value of 3.52 in the high category, while the level of learning difficulties for internal factors had an average value of 3.26 in the high category. The results of the Pearson product moment correlation test using the SPSS 20 program obtained a value on the external factor of 0.073 which is strongly correlated and the form of the relationship is negative and the internal factor has a value of 0.910 which is perfectly correlated with the negative relationship between external factors and internal factors with Biology learning outcomes in students. class XI IPA MAN 3 Padang. The results of the t test showed that the external factor tcount was -1.853 and the internal factor tcount was -113 indicating that there was no influence of external factors and internal factors (X) on students’ Biology learning outcomes (Y).

The ability of students in writing skills still experiences errors in the use of letters, especially in the use of capital letters. This study aims to determine errors in the use of capital letters written by students in the form of descriptive paragraphs at UPT SD Negeri 71 Gresik through qualitative research methods. Research subjects consisted of 10 students of class IV. Data collection was obtained from observation and tests, with a triangulation collection technique. The results of the study of 10 students who wrote descritive paragraphs with five aspects of the intended indicators were 5 students with errors in the first letter of the beginning of the sentence, 4 students with errors in the first letter of the persons name, 6 students with errors in the letters first the name of the day and month, 4 students with errors on the first letter of the place name, and 3 students with errors on the first letter of the essay title. With the analysis of errors in the use of capital letters in descriptive paragraphs, it is hoped that students will be able to broaden their vocabulary and create written works that have good grammer.