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Street vendors play an essential role in urban informal economies by fulfilling community needs and supporting local economic activity. This study analyzes the role of business ethics in building consumer trust among street vendors in Dumai, Indonesia. A qualitative descriptive method was applied using interviews, observation, and documentation involving three vendors and two consumers. Findings indicate that ethical practices such as honesty in transactions, responsibility for product quality, friendly service, and cleanliness of business premises improve consumer comfort and perceived safety. These conditions encourage repeat purchases, customer loyalty, and a positive reputation for vendors. Therefore, business ethics function not only as moral guidance but also as social capital supporting the sustainability of informal microenterprises. This study highlights that ethical behavior is crucial for strengthening long-term relationships between vendors and consumers in urban settings. Overall, implementing ethical standards contributes to sustainable small business development in informal sectors. It also improves public trust.

Ramadan brings significant changes in the shopping and consumption patterns of Indonesians. There is an increase in demand for various types of food and beverages, both for sahur and iftar. The purpose of this study is to map the characteristics of food and beverage purchasing and consumption patterns in a seasonal context (Ramadan): strategic implications for UMKM in the Greater Jakarta area. The research design used is descriptive quantitative with data collection techniques implemented by distributing questionnaires. Then, the questionnaire answers are summarized to obtain the frequency distribution of each item in the questionnaire. The population of this study is people domiciled in the Greater Jakarta area. The sample size was determined using the Lameshow formula, resulting in a sample of 100 respondents spread across the Greater Jakarta area. The majority of respondents, namely 92%, stated that they experienced changes in their shopping patterns during Ramadan. The type of food purchased changed (34%) was the most dominant change. The most dominant consumption purchasing decision during Ramadan was the practicality in preparing food (40%), with favorite shopping places being traditional markets (24%) and street vendors (24%). In a consumption analysis, 83% of respondents experienced changes in their consumption patterns during Ramadan, with the most dominant change being in the amount of food consumed (29%). During sahur (pre-dawn meal), respondents tended to consume vegetables (36%) and chicken (22%). Meanwhile, fried foods (38%) and rice cakes (rice cakes) were the favorite dishes for breaking the fast.

This qualitative inquiry examines the deliberate operational timing adopted by street vendors selling martabak, a popular Indonesian snack, exploring why nocturnal hours are strategically favored over daytime. The research methodology combined in-depth interviews with ten vendors operating in urban centers like Jakarta and Bandung with a consumer survey of one hundred respondents. Analysis of the collected data identifies a dual strategic foundation. From a demand perspective, night-time aligns with consumer psychology, fostering a leisurely atmosphere conducive to social snacking and impulsive purchases. On the supply side, vendors benefit from diminished direct competition, reduced operational overheads, and tapping into peak demand for evening treats. This synergy effectively cements martabak’s market identity as a beloved night-time culinary ritual linked to socialization. Consequently, the study posits that this chrono-marketing approach represents a savvy adaptation to local socio-economic rhythms. The insights derived provide a framework for micro-entrepreneurs to optimize service timing, aligning business operations with ingrained cultural consumption cycles to enhance sustainability and customer loyalty.  

The issue of street vendors (PKL) in Sidoarjo Regency, particularly in the Gading Fajar area, has become a significant concern as it relates to public order, the use of public space, and the economic dynamics of small communities. To address these challenges, the Sidoarjo Regency Government enacted Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2016 as the legal basis for structuring and empowering PKL. This study examines how the regulation is implemented in practice and evaluates its effectiveness using a qualitative descriptive method through interviews, observations, and documentation, analyzed with Leo Agustino’s policy evaluation model, which assesses five key aspects: administrative resources, institutional coordination, infrastructure and technology, financial support, and regulatory adequacy. The findings show that the implementation of the regulation has not yet reached optimal performance, as limited socialization, insufficient personnel, weak coordination among agencies, inadequate supporting facilities, and low compliance with zoning rules hinder the achievement of policy objectives. These issues are reflected in the continued presence of PKL operating in non-designated areas despite clear regulatory provisions. Therefore, strengthening institutional capacity, improving facilities, enhancing enforcement consistency, and developing more operational technical guidelines are essential to ensure more effective and sustainable management and empowerment of street vendors in Sidoarjo Regency.

The development of smart cities has become a strategic priority for local governments seeking to enhance citizens’ quality of life, strengthen sustainable development, and improve public space management. Kambang Iwak Park in Palembang represents one of the city’s major urban green spaces that has undergone significant revitalization and serves as a case study for smart city implementation in public areas. This study analyzes the application of Cohen’s six smart city dimensions—Smart People, Smart Living, Smart Government, Smart Economy, Smart Mobility, and Smart Environment—and their relationship with Carmona’s six urban design dimensions. This qualitative–descriptive research utilizes visual observations, historical data, and facility documentation extracted from the provided presentation. The findings indicate that Kambang Iwak Park effectively integrates several smart city dimensions, particularly Smart Living, Smart Environment, and Smart Mobility. Nonetheless, issues such as irregular parking, insufficient smart services, and poorly organized street vendors remain challenges. The study concludes that integrating smart city principles with urban design concepts enhances public space quality and supports sustainable urban development in Palembang.

Managing public markets is one form of government service aimed at improving community competitiveness, as regulated in the Republic of Indonesia Law No. 7 of 2014 concerning Trade and the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 20 of 2012 concerning the Management and Empowerment of Traditional Markets. Public markets play a vital role as local economic drivers that support community livelihoods. According to Utamanews.com (2022), Tanjung Morawa Public Market, located on Jalan Gerilya, Tanjung Morawa District, was rated by business actors as the poorest-performing public market in Deli Serdang Regency. This study aims to describe the capacity of the Department of Industry and Trade (Disperindag) of Deli Serdang Regency in managing the Tanjung Morawa Public Market. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis is based on Horton et al.’s (2003) organizational capacity indicators, including human resources, infrastructure, technology, budgeting, and organizational activities. The findings reveal that Disperindag has not yet reached optimal capacity in market management, as evidenced by weak human resources, poorly maintained infrastructure, lack of technological application such as REPATONIK, limited budget allocation, and ineffective organizational activities in maintaining cleanliness and regulating street vendors around the market.

Sidewalks are a crucial element of urban infrastructure that support pedestrian mobility. However, on Jalan Dr. Mansyur, Medan Selayang, sidewalk conditions present various problems, such as damaged surfaces, a lack of accessibility facilities, and the presence of street vendors occupying the lanes. This study aims to analyze the impact of sidewalk quality on pedestrian activity by examining three main factors: the physical condition of the sidewalk, environmental safety, and accessibility. Using a mixed methods approach, the sample for the quantitative approach was taken using a stratified random sampling method with a total of 150 respondents. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software, while qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants. The results showed that sidewalk accessibility had the strongest relationship with pedestrian activity (correlation coefficient 0.72), followed by the physical condition of the sidewalk (0.68) and environmental safety (0.55). Minimal accessibility factors, such as the lack of special lanes for the disabled, proved to be the main obstacle to pedestrian activity. In addition, the damaged physical condition of the sidewalk and the use of sidewalks for activities that are not in accordance with their function further reduce user comfort. Based on these findings, key recommendations include physical improvements to sidewalks with regard to the principles of universal accessibility, including the addition of dedicated lanes for the disabled, repair of damaged surfaces, and reconfiguration of spaces to discourage use by street vendors. The government needs to ensure adequate street lighting to improve user safety. The public is expected to maintain the function of sidewalks by utilizing them according to their intended purpose, while future researchers are advised to explore the impact of sidewalk improvements on broader social and economic aspects, as well as consider the integration of technology in sidewalk design and management. The conclusion of this study is the need for collaborative action between the government, the community, and other relevant parties to create inclusive sidewalk infrastructure that supports active mobility.

This research is an evaluative study of the old urban area of Kesawan in Medan City, which has been part of the city’s revitalization efforts initiated by the Medan City Government. Kesawan possesses strong historical and colonial architectural character but has undergone functional and visual degradation due to uncontrolled modern urban development. One of the key issues identified is the presence of inactive urban spaces, disconnected from the public realm and lacking social meaning—phenomena recognized in urban theory as lost space. This concept serves as the foundation for evaluating the effectiveness of the revitalization program implemented since 2021. The study employs a qualitative approach using a single-case study method, focusing on Kesawan as a complex urban space. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with five categories of informants (building owners, visitors, security personnel, street vendors, and architects), and visual documentation. The analysis adopts the theoretical framework of Finding Lost Space by Roger Trancik (1986), which comprises three main approaches: Figure-Ground Theory, Linkage Theory, and Place Theory. These were further elaborated into six evaluative indicators: connectivity, continuity and circulation, enclosure, accessibility, visual orientation, and the meaning and perception of space by the public. The findings indicate that revitalization has brought significant visual improvements and physical enhancements, particularly along the main corridor of Jalan Ahmad Yani I–VII. However, many secondary streets and non-priority areas still exhibit characteristics of lost space, such as disconnected pedestrian paths, underutilized voids, weak spatial integration, and limited social engagement. These conditions suggest that the revitalization outcomes remain uneven and predominantly cosmetic in certain areas. The study recommends integrating spatial and social approaches in future urban revitalization policies to ensure that public space functions can be restored holistically, sustainably, and contextually in line with local identity.

This study aims to analyze the conflict and ambiguity in the implementation of Sidoarjo Regent Regulation Number 84 of 2017 concerning the Arrangement and Empowerment of Street Vendors (PKL). The research applies a descriptive qualitative approach, using interviews, observation, and documentation as data collection techniques. The findings indicate that conflicts arise due to differing approaches among implementing agencies—particularly between the Department of Cooperatives and the Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP)—as well as enforcement procedures that do not meet the expectations of street vendors. Ambiguity stems from unclear authority distribution, weak data collection, overlapping regulations, and uncertainty in relocation and empowerment programs. Based on Richard E. Matland’s Ambiguity-Conflict Model, the policy’s implementation falls under the Symbolic Implementation category, marked by both high conflict and high ambiguity, leading to ineffective execution and stakeholder frustration. These findings highlight the need for better inter-agency coordination, regulatory socialization, and the development of strategic vendor locations to ensure a fair and sustainable policy implementation.   Keywords: Ambiguity, Conflict, Implementation, Policy, Street Vendors

Pasuruan City has an economic dynamic driven by the informal sector, especially street vendors (PKL), which play a crucial role in supporting the community's economy. One of the locations that is the center of street vendor activities is the Pasuruan City Square area. Despite its strategic value, the presence of street vendors in the area has caused problems related to order, cleanliness, and public space management. In response, the Pasuruan City Government has enacted Local Regulation No. 2/2013 on the Arrangement and Empowerment of Street Vendors. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the policy and identify factors that support and hinder its implementation. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach by referring to Van Meter and Van Horn's policy implementation theory, which includes six main indicators. Data collection techniques were conducted through interviews, observation, documentation, and literature study. The results show that policy implementation is quite effective, as seen from the addition of official locations, assistance with facilities such as carts, and entrepreneurship training. However, challenges remain, mainly related to limited human resources and low compliance of street vendors with zoning regulations.

The regulation of street vendors (PKL) in Aceh Besar Regency is part of the local government's efforts to maintain public order and manage public space effectively. This study aims to analyze the preventive and repressive strategies implemented by the Municipal Police Unit in regulating street vendors. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that preventive strategies are carried out through guidance activities such as socialization, counseling, and routine patrols. However, the effectiveness of these strategies remains limited due to resource constraints and low participation from the vendors. On the other hand, repressive strategies involve direct enforcement through warnings and evictions, as well as indirect enforcement through cross-sector coordination and business location relocation. Repressive measures often provoke resistance from vendors, especially since the designated relocation areas are perceived as economically unstrategic. The implications of this research highlight the importance of strengthening persuasive approaches, enhancing inter-agency coordination, and providing viable relocation sites to ensure that enforcement policies are implemented effectively, sustainably, and with public acceptance.

In Tanjungpinang, street vendors' (PKL) resistance to government policy demonstrates the complex dynamics of informal economy management. The purpose of this research is to gain an understanding of the different types of PKL resistance, the methods they use, and how it impacts on local economic policy. Relevant scientific documents were analyzed using a literature study approach. The results show that street vendors not only carry out physical resistance, but also carry out symbolic and cultural actions. As a result, organized social movements emerge. The government's top-down policies often cause tensions, so discussions and cooperation are needed to create more inclusive and participatory policies. Economic empowerment, spatial flexibility, and the development of public-private partnerships are some of the suggested solutions. It is hoped that this research will make a significant contribution to building a policy model that is more responsive to the social realities of society, especially with regard to vulnerable groups.

This study aims to describe the economic dynamics among street vendors (PKL) in Tarutung. Using a case study approach, this research identifies various factors influencing the sustainability and development of street vendor businesses, as well as the socio-economic impacts on the surrounding community. The primary focus of the study is to understand the role of PKL in the local economy, including job creation, income generation, and the challenges faced regarding government policies and business competition. Data was collected through field observation, in-depth interviews with vendors, and an analysis of relevant local policies. The findings reveal that although PKL face challenges related to regulations and market access, they play a crucial role in the economic dynamics of the region and can be key pillars in local economic development.

This study aims to describe and analyze: The Implementation of Regional Regulation 19 of 2022 concerning the Authority of the Civil Service Police Unit in the Control of Street Vendors in Situbondo Regency. 2. The obstacles faced and what solutions have been carried out by the Civil Police in Controlling Street Vendors in Situbondo Regency. The research is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The data analysis technique uses a technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, identifying bases for interpretation, developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that the Pamong Praja Police Unit in controlling Street Vendors in Situbondo Regency Based on article 19 of 2022 article 2 has been running in accordance with its duties and functions. In regulating street vendors, four policy implementation models are Communication Factors, Disposition Resources or Attitudes and Bureaucratic Structures.  The obstacles faced include human resource factors, both in terms of communication skills and approaches, as well as the number of members. The solutions carried out include Improving the Quality and Quantity of Human Resources at Satpol PP. By conducting an intensive coaching program to improve the competence and expertise of Satpol PP members in collaborating with the community to create community security and increase the number of Satpol PP members who are tasked with controlling street vendors. Improve socialization programs to the community and improve themselves by taking a persuasive approach and acting elegantly by not prioritizing arrogance as a security apparatus.

This study aims to determine the role of the government in moderating the influence of economic needs, accessibility, business capital on the existence of street vendors in Bekasi City. This research is a quantitative research. The subjects in this study were street vendors in Bekasi City. The population in this study was 15,402 street vendors, based on data from  the Bekasi City Cooperative and Small Business Office. The results   of the validity test of the person correlation  are that all variables count > rtabel, a(0.05) and the reliability test of all these  variables are above 0.600. The number of samples in this study was 390 street vendors. The sampling technique uses cluster sampling. |The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis and moderating regression analysis (MRA) using the help of IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 for windows.The aims of this research are as follows: (1) Economic needs affect the existence of street vendors in Bekasi City with a parameter coefficient value of 0.179 with a significant level of 0.000<0.05 (2) Accessibility has an effect on the existence of street vendors in Bekasi City with a parameter coefficient value of 0.211 with a significant level of 0.000 < 0.05 (3) Business capital has an effect on the existence of street vendors in Bekasi City with a parameter coefficient value of 0.184 with a significant level of 0.000 < 0.05 (4) The role of the government as a moderating variable (economic needs *existence of street vendors) is able to moderate the effect of economic needs on the existence of street vendors in Bekasi City with a parameter coefficient value of 0.129 with a significant level of 0.034 < 0.05 (5) The role of the government as a moderating variable (accessibility*existence of street vendors) is able to moderate the effect of accessibility on the existence of street vendors with a parameter coefficient value of 0.183 with a parameter coefficient value of 0.183 with a significant level of 0.005 < 0.05 (6) The role of the government as a moderating variable (capital*existence of street vendors) is able to moderate the effect on the existence of street vendors with a parameter coefficient value of 0.222  with a significant level of 0.019 < 0.05

The revitalization of Dadaha Square in Tasikmalaya City has had a significant positive impact on the social and economic growth of the local area. Socially, this revitalization has succeeded in enhancing interactions among residents, creating a more inclusive environment, and supporting various community activities such as sports, arts, and recreation. Additionally, it has strengthened the collective identity of the community. Economically, the revitalization of Dadaha Square has provided new opportunities for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), with an increased number of visitors positively affecting the growth of the informal economy, particularly for street vendors. This positive impact also contributes to the growth of the tourism and service sectors in Tasikmalaya City. However, the sustainability of these benefits requires effective public space management and appropriate regulatory support for informal economic actors. Further studies are needed to monitor the long-term effects of this revitalization.

Ardiansyah. Evaluation of Regional Regulation Number 44 of 2002 concerning Peace and Order in Lima Belas Ilir Village, East Ilir I District. This study aims to: 1) Analyze and describe the Evaluation of Regional Regulation Number 44 of 2002 concerning Peace and Order in Lima Belas Ilir Village, East Ilir I District; 2) Analyze and describe the Supporting and Hindering Factors for the Evaluation of Regional Regulation No. 44 of 2002 concerning Peace and Order in Limabelas Ilir Village, East Ilir District I. The research design used in this study is qualitative descriptive. Descriptive research can be interpreted as a problem-solving procedure that is investigated by describing / describing the state of the subject/object of research (a person, institution, society and others) at the present time based on facts that appear or as they are (Nawawi in Klicit, 2008). The results of the study concluded that: 1) The implementation of Regional Regulation No. 44 of 2002 concerning Peace and Order in Limabelas Ilir Village, Ilir Timur I District has not been optimal so far. Problems related to peace and order still often occur, such as thuggery and violations by street vendors that disturb public order and order. Education has been carried out many times through socialization and approaches through local community leaders, but the number of violations has not been able to be suppressed and is still occurring. Related to this, the lack of a high level of public awareness in complying with the regulations is considered to be the main cause of frequent violations, plus the lack of optimal enforcement of violations committed, so that violators are not deterred and tend to be ordinary in committing violations; 2) Supporting Factors for the Evaluation of Regional Regulation No. 44 of 2002 concerning Peace and Order in Fifteen Ilir Village, East Ilir District I is the existence of clear rules or legal basis contained in Regional Regulation No. 44 of 2002 concerning Peace and Order itself, then the high commitment shown by the employees of the Fifteen Ilir Village Office. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is that there are still many residents of Lima Belas Ilir Village who do not understand Regional Regulation Number 44 of 2002, the level of public awareness in complying with regulations is still lacking, lack of supervision from related parties, so that in the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 44 of 2002 has not been able to be applied properly, and the approach taken to the community is still not optimal.

The aim of this research is to study the role of Satpol PP in maintaining public order in the city of Surabaya. Satpol PP is responsible for complying with Regional Regulations and maintaining public order in accordance with the Law. This research uses a qualitative approach and a descriptive approach. This study found that the role of the Surabaya City Satpol PP is in controlling street vendors, controlling unlicensed buildings, and controlling advertising. City Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2020 concerning Implementation of Public Order and Community Peace regulates this action.

This research discusses efforts to develop Metro City as a city of the future, focusing on the successful integration of the Trans Sumatra Toll Exit in Batanghari Ogan. In the context of development, emphasis is placed on the importance of green open space areas to make Metro City beautiful and act as a model for the autonomy of other cities. Through a literature review, relevant research includes analysis of regional economic regulations and the role of regional government policies in development, with examples of scientific journals that support business contributions to regional income. Although the results of previous research already exist, this research more specifically explores the economic policies of the Metro City regional government regarding the management of Nuwo Intan business locations in 2018. The nature of this research is descriptive and qualitative, using qualitative analysis to describe the phenomenon and influence of the Metro City Regional Government's economic policies on street vendors' income in Nuwo Intan.    

This research aims to uncover the challenges and dynamics faced by Street Vendors in the Jember City Square in the context of globalization. Through the analysis of the final theory of capitalism, it was found that street vendors in Jember experienced characteristics such as superficiality, weakening of affection, loss of history, and the presence of new technology that affected the way they operated. This study uses a qualitative approach with realist ethnographic methods, collecting data through in-depth interviews and field observations. The results of the study show that street vendors face economic instability due to unbalanced competition with large companies, negative social stigma, and less supportive government policies. To overcome this problem, the government is advised to provide special areas that are organized, clean, and environmentally friendly and provide training and improve facilities so that street vendors can compete more effectively. Proper support is expected to maintain the existence of street vendors as an important part of the local economy in the era of globalization that continues to grow.