Publication Search

This study aims to determine the implementation of Law No. 41 of 2009 concerning Protection of Sustainable Food Agriculture Land in Surakarta City and its obstacles. Research background, that the development of food security and sovereignty needs to be carried out through the provision and establishment of sustainable food agricultural land. But in urban areas, efforts to maintain the existence of agricultural land are quite complicated problems. The high demand for land due to the development of housing, trade, services, industry and others causes a large proportion of the agricultural area to continue to decline every year. The promulgation of Law No. 41 of 2009 concerning Protection of Sustainable Food Agriculture Land is expected to reduce the high rate of conversion of rice fields and maintain their ecological functions. This type of research is an empirical legal research. The nature of the research is descriptive because it wants to describe the implementation of Law Number 41 of 2009 concerning Protection of Sustainable Food Agriculture Land in Surakarta City. The results of the study, that the implementation of Law Number 41 of 2009 concerning Land Sustainable food agriculture in the City of Surakarta was only at the stage of inventorying paddy fields and had not yet arrived at the formation of a Regional Regulation. The reason is that paddy fields in the city of Surakarta are not productive because there is no technical irrigation network available, the majority of the livelihoods of the people of Surakarta are not as farmers, and the high demands of settlement needs as a consequence of the development of urban areas. This is in accordance with the results of identification by the Department of Agriculture, BPN and BAPPEDA that out of 111 hectares of agricultural land listed in the Regional Spatial Planning of Surakarta City No. 1 of 2012, the total area of agricultural land is less than 111 hectares and only 80-90 hectares of land. agriculture that is not cultivated and partly in the form of paddy fields surrounded by housing. The absence of a regional regulation that stipulates the protection of sustainable agricultural land causes in practice there is no clarity regarding protected land, sanctions for violations or incentives that will be accepted by the community if they do not carry out or protect the agricultural land they own.

The military intervention carried out by the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in the conflict in Intan Jaya Regency, Papua, has raised serious concerns regarding compliance with legal standards and human rights (HAM). The actions of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) which resulted in the deaths of three Papuans raise doubts about respect for individual rights to life and security. In conflict situations, it is important to ensure that human rights, especially the right to life, are respected and protected. For example, in Law no. 34 of 2004 which regulates the use of weapons by the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in peaceful conditions, allows the use of weapons only with written permission from superiors and in the context of maintaining security and requested. In the context of this case, the shooting at the Sugapa Community Health Center did not have written permission from the Indonesian National Army (TNI) superiors, which is a serious violation of law. This violation raises questions about the accountability of security forces and the need for law enforcement in cases of gun shooting by members of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) outside of emergency situations. The situation in Papua creates ongoing challenges. Armed groups in the region often threaten national security and the safety of security forces. In the face of serious threats to state sovereignty, the government, and the Indonesian National Army (TNI) may feel forced to take decisive action. However, these actions must still comply with legal and human rights standards and ensure that human rights and the right to life of individuals are fully respected. This research is normative in nature with a focus on analysis of the legal framework that regulates the use of weapons by the Indonesian National Army (TNI). Normative research methods are used to state consistency and compliance with applicable regulations. Through this approach, the research aims to provide a legal perspective on erasure actions in Papua, as well as asking whether these steps are in accordance with applicable legal and human rights principles. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a basis for recommending improvements to policies and actions that support law enforcement and human rights protection in the context of conflict in Papua

Human rights are basic rights or citizenship that are inherent in individuals from the moment they are born by nature, which are given directly by God Almighty, whose existence cannot be taken away or revoked and must be respected, upheld and protected by the state, law, government and every person. for the sake of honor and protection of human dignity. Indonesia is a country based on law. So the Indonesian state is obliged to provide human rights protection to every citizen. Meanwhile, a legal state is a state based on legal sovereignty. The law is sovereign. The state is a legal subject, in the sense of rechtstaat. Because the state is seen as a legal subject, if it is guilty it can be prosecuted before a court for violating the law.

Land ownership rights are one of the fundamental human rights. However, land ownership rights for Indonesian citizens who marry foreigners are specifically regulated in Indonesian laws and regulations. These provisions aim to maintain state sovereignty and prevent land control by foreign parties. Based on Indonesian laws and regulations, Indonesian citizens who marry foreigners can only have rights to certain land, namely use rights, rental rights for buildings, ownership rights to apartment units, and ownership rights to residential or residential houses. Ownership rights to land can only be owned by Indonesian citizens. This research aims to examine the regulation of land ownership rights for Indonesian citizens who marry foreigners in Indonesian legislation. The law regarding mixed marriages is regulated in Article 57 of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. In essence, mixed marriages allow Indonesian citizens to choose the citizenship they will follow, whether the citizenship of the husband or wife, in line with the provisions of Article 26 of Law Number 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesian citizens who undergo mixed marriages have the possibility to create a marriage agreement that allows the separation of property between spouses during the marriage period, while maintaining their citizenship status..    

Currency is a symbol of a country's sovereignty, the Rupiah is currency as well as a legal means of payment for use in economic transactions in Indonesia. Learning to understand the difference between fake and real money and implementing how severe punishments for dealers and users of counterfeit money are carried out effectively will provide a positive change in the future for students. This socialization regarding disclosing the secret of the difference between real and fake money and preventing fake money fraud was highly appreciated regarding this socialization, especially teachers and students, but many students were still confused about differentiating between real and fake money. So that female students do not get caught up in fraud and the distribution of counterfeit money, this socialization hopes that female students from early ages to adults can avoid and be able to distinguish between real and fake money, understand the characteristics of the authenticity of money, and know the penalties related to the laws that apply to its use. and distribution of counterfeit money. The methods for implementing activities in this socialization are lecture, interview, discussion and evaluation methods. The results of the training are an increase in understanding of real money vs fake money, understanding the characteristics, increasing insight regarding applicable legal regulations and being able to use this knowledge better in the present and future.

The establishment of an ADIZ in each country is one step in maintaining the sovereignty of each country. This has been a long debate because there are no regulations outlined in international legal conventions. Until now, ADIZ Indonesia is only limited to the island of Java, so the role of ADIZ has not been effective in protecting air space which is included in the country's sovereignty. This research aims to explain the role of ADIZ as a first step in efforts to maintain state sovereignty from the perspective of international and national law. The normative juridical approach method is an approach based on the main legal material by examining theories, concepts, legal principles and statutory regulations. The research results show that Indonesia needs to re-establish ADIZ not only around the island of Java but also covering the entire sovereign territory of the country.

Based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia is a unitary state that has a democratic government system. The democratic system in Indonesia is listed in Article 1 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Democracy is a form of state implementation system based on people's sovereignty. Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people. The State of Indonesia is a unitary state which is divided into several regions, for example provinces, districts, cities and villages. The embodiment of the democratic system in Indonesia, which has many regions, is by way of the people from each region holding general elections to determine a government.

This paper aims to describe the safety of babies in the Perspective of John Calvin and the Implications for Toraja Church members. The diversity of views on the direction of infant safety in the understanding of Church members has encouraged the author to study infant safety in the view of Jhon Calvin because the Toraja Church is a Calvinist sect. There are those who think that a baby who is born and then dies is still safe even though he has not acknowledged God as his savior. It is like a white paper without blemishes. Another understanding says that all babies who are born and then die He is a sinful human because from the womb he has been conceived and begotten in sin, and regarding salvation it is in God's Sovereignty. The research method used in this paper is literature review. The author seeks and collects the writings of John Calvin, especially on death and salvation, then compiles them. According to John Calvin, salvation is a belief based on faith in Christ. In John Calvin's view, the safety of babies is in God's Sovereignty

Being geographically close to Malaysia made them into good political relations; the example was the Import of Oxygen Tanks during pandemic in 2020-2021. Trading is carried out specifically after the Import Agreement which was requested directly by the Governor of West Kalimantan. The Oxygen Import Agreement requires an integrated action between the institutions in order to minimize corruption. The research is elaborated through three main discussions, based on the Border Governing Theory and Sovereignty Concept on a qualitative approach and descriptive method. First, the Legal Basic for Border Management. Second, the Export-Import Process and Sectoral Cooperation through the Oxygen Tank import process. Third, the success of Integration Governance process to reduce the Corruption. The purpose of this study is to see the success in relation to minimizing corruption in the Export of Oxygen Tanks at the Entikong Border.

The border is an important aspect of the state because it determines the area of ​​authority and sovereignty of the state which intersects with the sovereignty of other countries. The border is also a very strategic area for a country, because it involves socio-cultural, economic, political, defense and security aspects. Based on Law No. 43 of 2008 concerning state territory, states that the border area is part of the country's territory which is located on the side along the border of Indonesia's territory with other countries and the border area is in the sub-district. The Law on State Territories also explains that the development of Indonesia's border areas is the responsibility of the state. Development in the field of infrastructure is also a major supporting factor for the main functions of the social system and economic system, such as the availability of health facilities, roads, air transportation, markets and educational facilities which support people's daily lives. With an infrastructure system that supports the community to move dynamically and makes it easier for the community to carry out economic activities, investors can invest in the regions. So that isolated/hard-to-reach areas can be accessed easily.

The conflict that occurred in the South China Sea (LCS) becameflash point in the Asia Pacific region. Disputes in the South China Sea involve not only 6 or even 10 countries, but also involve other major powers such as the United States. The six (6) countries referred to are China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, and (4) four other countries namely Cambodia, Singapore, Thailand and including Indonesia. In its development, the South China Sea (LCS) conflict has also started to "drag" Indonesia since 2010, after China claimed the northern territory of the Natuna Islands, Riau Islands Province which is Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone (ZEE). This research is normative juridical law research which includes research on international agreements, research on legal systematics, research on international law, research on the level of legal synchronization. Indonesia is not asclaimant state in the South China Sea dispute, however, Indonesia has national interests in the South China Sea, especially in defending territorial sovereignty in the North Natuna Sea. In its position as a neutral country, Indonesia has played a role in resolving international conflicts in the South China Sea by making various diplomatic efforts by sending protest notes to China and rejecting China's claims of control of the territory it claims to be.traditional fishing ground because it has no basis in international law and the waters of the North Natuna Sea on the basis ofninedash line who have violated Indonesia's ZEE.

Indonesia is a country that upholds people's sovereignty, which means that all political and governmental activities in Indonesia, both directly and indirectly, are regulated by the people. It is the people who choose who is entitled to occupy government positions using the election mechanism. This election itself was followed by more than a dozen political parties. The purpose of conducting this research is to further discuss whether the dissolution of political parties has violated the existence of freedoms that guarantee human rights in them or whether these rights have limitations in certain respects. As well as another objective is to examine the reasons and mechanisms in a dissolution within a political party carried out by the Supreme Court. This research uses normative qualitative methods where the results of the research will be in the form of a comprehensive review based on law no. 24 of 2003 and Law no. 2 of 2008. The result is that the dissolution of political parties does not violate human rights at all because the right to associate has certain limitations and the reason political parties can be dissolved is that it is contrary to the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila ideology.

Mr. Joko Widodo, The President of the Republic of Indonesia, has recently been inseparable from various hot issues that have been debated in the community during his tenure for two terms. In recent years, there have been  discussions for postponing elections  made by a range of political figures, and people who support the issue. The big impact caused by this discourse includes demonstrations and resistance from the community. The stability of a country is also affected by an increasingly tense political situation. The danger of democracy allowing its people's freedom to speak raises political turmoil, which can undermine the values of constitutional sovereignty and democracy. The article investigates Indonesia's laws governing the delay of national elections and the recommendations for the implementation of the discourse on postponing the general election against the sovereignty of the constitution and democracy as well as the consequences of its implementation. The study's methodology is normative juridical with a legislative and conceptual focus. Data were gathered through a literature review of secondary legal materials, such as the general election law, secondary sources in the form of journals and books, and tertiary sources in the form of articles from websites. The conclusion of the findings of this article in the form of a constitution does not regulate or require the prorogation of the general elected. However, to strive for the agenda, there is a method of forming a Government Regulation in Lieu of Law that involves a mismatch in the periodization of the position of state stakeholder described in the 1945 Constitution and is an indication of contraindications to constitutional sovereignty. Constitutional amendments are the second option that can pose a threat to the sustainability of electoral principles that are part of a form of democratic sovereignty.

The purpose of human creation based on the context of Genesis 1:26-28 is that humans were created to relate to other creatures and also to fellow human beings where God wants humans to be fruitful and multiply to fill the earth. Allah created man to fulfill His plan and all His creations belong to Him. The image of God in man reflects the personality of God before man fell into sin. And humans who were created in God's image have the responsibility to subdue all of His creation as a responsibility for God's sovereignty as His representative on earth.

This research is motivated by the results of preliminary observations that the Implementation of Sustainable Food Agriculture seems too forced, without any review of the existing situation and conditions. In Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2014 concerning the Implementation of Sustainable Food Agriculture, it is known that there is a clause on sustainable food land zoning, whereas the existence of the Regional Spatial Plan (RT RW) which is the reference is in the process of technical review related to the formation of the New Autonomous Region of Pangandaran Regency. As a result of all that, it is indicated that the quality of agricultural products is not being considered, whereas the main purpose of the regulation is to improve the quality of food crops. The method used is a qualitative descriptive research method. The population in this study was 10 people. The results of the study obtained are as follows: (1. The implementation of Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2014 concerning the Implementation of Sustainable Food Agriculture in Ciamis Regency is said to be effective if it meets the criteria for effectiveness such as the existence of policy objectives or targets, the existence of activities or activities to achieve objectives, and the existence of activity results. (2. The obstacles faced by the government in the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2014 concerning the implementation of sustainable food agriculture are the status of land ownership owned by individuals; inventory and determination of land that may not be converted are difficult to carry out; the application of incentives and compensation is very difficult to implement; protection and empowerment of farmers; financing in the protection of food agricultural land requires a lot of money/funds. (3. The obstacles faced by the government in the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2014 concerning the implementation of sustainable food agriculture are the status of land ownership owned by individuals; inventory and determination of land that may not be converted are difficult to carry out; the application of incentives and compensation is very difficult to implement; protection and empowerment of farmers; financing in protecting agricultural land requires a lot of money/funds. (4. Efforts made by the government in implementing Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2014 concerning the Implementation of Sustainable Food Agriculture, are Sovereignty of agricultural land by the State; Financing the implementation of sovereign food agriculture, the authority is assigned to the central level; and the authority to organize food agriculture must be returned to the central level.