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Ijtihad Bahtsul Masail Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in the field of economics, which seeks to answer contemporary challenges while remaining rooted in the tradition of Islamic knowledge. NU's approach prioritizes the continuity of the transmission of Islamic knowledge through a legitimate and trusted chain, using classical fiqh books, especially the Shafi'i school of thought. The purpose of this study is to understand the relevance and effectiveness of collective ijtihad carried out by NU in answering modern economic issues such as Islamic banking, investment, e-commerce, and digital payment systems. The method used in this study is a literature study by reviewing literature related to classical fiqh books, journals, and relevant scientific articles. The results of the study show that Bahtsul Masail NU has made a significant contribution to developing Islamic economic law that is relevant to the development of the times. LBM NU not only answers contemporary issues, such as online investment and e-commerce, but also plays a role in forming sharia-based economic policies implemented by the community. However, this study also notes challenges, such as maintaining the consistency of the ijtihad method and answering complex issues without sacrificing the basic principles of sharia.

This community service program aims to empower Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through business development based on the sharia economy. MSMEs have a strategic role in the economy, but still face various challenges, especially in the application of sharia economic principles that can increase competitiveness and the desire to do business. This program is designed to improve Islamic financial literacy, introduce business contracts in accordance with sharia, and provide halal digital marketing training. The method of implementing the activity includes a participatory approach with various stages, ranging from problem identification, training, mentoring, to success evaluation. The target of the program is MSME actors in certain regions who have great potential to adopt the concept of sharia economics in their businesses. The results of this activity showed an increase in participants' understanding of the concept of sharia economics, followed by changes in business practices that are more in line with Islamic principles. Some participants began to implement sharia contracts in their transactions, access sharia financing, and take advantage of halal branding-based digital marketing. This program also found several obstacles, such as low initial understanding of the sharia economy, limited access to Islamic financial institutions, and resistance to changes in the business system. However, through intensive strategy education and support from various parties, most of these challenges can be overcome. The conclusion of this activity is that business development based on the sharia economy can be a solution for MSMEs in increasing their competitiveness in the wider market. The next program recommendations include strengthening digital-based education, increasing access to sharia capital, and establishing a sharia-based MSME community as a forum for collaboration and sustainable business development.

Islamic finance is a financial system based on sharia principles, such as the prohibition of usury, gharar, and maysir, which emphasizes justice, financial inclusion, and sustainability. This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic finance in the revitalization of developing countries' economies, focusing on instruments such as sukuk, zakat, waqf, and microfinance. Through the literature study method, this study shows that Islamic finance is able to support infrastructure development, community empowerment, and reduction of social inequality. This study analyzes the role of Islamic finance in the revitalization of developing countries' economies through instruments such as sukuk, zakat, waqf, and microfinance. The results of the study show that Islamic finance is effective in supporting infrastructure development, community empowerment, and reduction of social inequality in countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Pakistan. However, its implementation still faces challenges, such as low Islamic financial literacy and limited regulations. The conclusion of the study confirms that Islamic finance has the potential to drive inclusive and sustainable economic growth if supported by increased literacy, regulatory harmonization, and expanded access to Islamic financial products.

The history of the development of the Islamic economic system has undergone significant transformations from the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW to the modern era. In the early period, the Islamic economic system was based on Qur'anic principles such as justice, transparency, and the prohibition of interest (riba). The Prophet Muhammad SAW established the foundations of the economy, which included the management of zakat, waqf, and market oversight. The era of the Khulafa' al-Rashidin continued these policies with the management of the baitul mal and economic expansion through ijtihad. During the Umayyad and Abbasid periods, the economic system became more complex with the introduction of Arabic currency and innovative tax management. In the modern era, Islamic economics has experienced a revival through its integration into academia and the implementation of Shariah   compliant financial institutions like Bank Muamalat.

This research aims to explore the concept of the child-free lifestyle within the framework of Maqasid Shariah, focusing on the ethical considerations and social implications associated with such a decision. The study seeks to understand how Islamic principles and objectives—preserving faith, life, intellect, progeny, and wealth—interact with the modern choice of living child-free. By utilizing a qualitative library research approach, the study analyzes various Islamic texts, scholarly opinions, and contemporary discussions on reproductive choices, providing an in-depth understanding of how the child-free lifestyle aligns with Maqasid Shariah. The findings reveal that while Maqasid Shariah emphasizes the importance of procreation for the continuation of society, it also recognizes individual autonomy, personal choice, and the preservation of well-being. The study concludes that, from a Shariah perspective, the child-free lifestyle may be considered ethically permissible under specific circumstances, especially when it aligns with the overall well-being and goals of an individual or couple. The implications of this research are significant for policymakers, religious scholars, and society at large, as it encourages a nuanced understanding of reproductive choices, personal freedom, and societal responsibilities in contemporary Islamic contexts.

Istishna accounting holds a crucial position in Islamic financial practices as it ensures fairness, transparency, and compliance with Sharia principles in recognizing and measuring costs. Istishna, a unique contract for producing goods based on specific orders, emphasizes the prohibition of uncertainty (gharar) and speculation (maysir), aligning financial activities with ethical and moral values. This article delves into the theoretical foundations of istishna accounting, analyzes its implementation in Islamic financial institutions, and evaluates its impact on financial reporting standards. By integrating Sharia principles with modern financial systems, the study highlights how Islamic financial institutions can maintain accountability and integrity while fostering trust among stakeholders. Furthermore, the article discusses challenges such as adapting to dynamic regulatory changes and balancing business needs with Sharia compliance. This research offers practical recommendations to enhance the credibility and relevance of Islamic financial statements, ensuring their alignment with global economic demands while upholding ethical standards.

Islamic insurance is one of the Islamic financial instruments designed to provide financial protection based on sharia principles, such as mutual help (ta'awun) and risk-sharing. As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia has great potential to develop this industry. Over the past five years (2018-2022), the sharia insurance industry in Indonesia has shown consistent growth, reflected in an increase in gross contribution from IDR 12 trillion in 2018 to IDR 16 trillion in 2022. However, the market share of Islamic insurance remains small compared to conventional insurance, with key challenges including limited market scale, lack of product innovation, low public literacy in Islamic finance, and intense competition with conventional products. This article aims to analyze these challenges and formulate development strategies that can be implemented to strengthen the competitiveness of Islamic insurance in the global market. This research uses a qualitative approach based on secondary data analysis obtained from industry reports, scientific journals, and official publications. The results show that the main strategies for development include product innovation oriented to the needs of the global community, digitization of services to improve efficiency and accessibility, public education to increase Islamic financial literacy, strengthening regulations to create a conducive business environment, and strategic collaboration with international financial institutions to expand market networks.

The implementation of Islamic economics in Indonesia's development administration during the digital era presents a significant opportunity to build a system founded on inclusivity, fairness, and sustainability. Digital transformation plays a pivotal role in optimizing sharia-based financial technologies, empowering community economies, and enhancing resource management efficiency. Technologies such as halal e-commerce, blockchain, and sharia-compliant financial applications extend access to financial services in previously underserved remote areas. However, challenges such as low digital literacy levels and insufficient regulatory frameworks remain obstacles. Collaboration among the government, Islamic financial institutions, businesses, and communities is essential to ensure the effective implementation of this system. By combining sharia principles with technological innovations, Islamic economics holds substantial potential to boost Indonesia's economic competitiveness on a global scale.

Sharia Capital and Investment Market is part of the financial market based on Islamic sharia principles. The main goal is to ensure that investment and securities trading activities are in accordance with Islamic rules and values, such as fairness, transparency, and the prohibition of usury, gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (speculation). This system supports the development of sharia-based investment which continues to increase in line with the awareness of the Muslim community to manage their finances in accordance with sharia.

The phenomenon of childfree has become an increasingly discussed topic in Indonesian society, especially after public figures like Gita Savitri openly expressed their decision not to have children. This phenomenon is related to various factors, including past trauma, concerns over overpopulation, economic instability, and the evolving mindset of Generation Z, which is more realistic and focused on personal freedom. However, the decision not to have children also presents challenges, especially from a religious perspective, particularly Islam, which teaches that having offspring is both a blessing and an obligation. This research aims to analyze the childfree phenomenon from an Islamic perspective by examining the principles of Sharia and the relevance of childfree to fiqh rulings such as ‘azl. The research findings indicate that while childfree contradicts religious views on the obligation to have children, the phenomenon can still be understood within the framework of reproductive rights granted to married couples in Islam. This study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the childfree phenomenon and its relationship with Islamic principles.

Shariah-compliant investments follow Islamic principles, such as the prohibition of riba, gharar, and maysir, which emphasize fairness and transparency. In the digital era, apps like Ajaib utilize technology to improve efficiency and ensure sharia compliance. This research analyzes the efficiency and sharia compliance of the Ajaib app using a literature study, as well as secondary data from journals, sharia regulations, and official Ajaib documents. The analysis was conducted using a content analysis approach to evaluate the suitability of application features with sharia principles. The results showed that Ajaib has excellent features, such as education, magic bag, stop loss, take profit, and advance charting, which support efficient investment. The stock screener and speed order book features assist users in making quick decisions, while DSN-MUI-certified Islamic mutual funds ensure halal investments. The fast and transparent transaction process makes Ajaib easy to use and compliant with sharia principles. However, the analysis also found some shortcomings, such as a limited selection of Islamic mutual funds, less varied payment methods, and the absence of personalized consultation services. Compared to other apps, Ajaib needs to improve these shortcomings to be more competitive. This study concludes that operational efficiency and sharia compliance are critical to the sustainability of sharia investment in Indonesia. Further research is recommended to examine the user experience directly and compare Ajaib's performance with other platforms.

The relationship between Islam and democracy has been a complex and often debated topic, particularly in Muslim-majority countries. This research aims to explore the compatibility between Islamic principles and democratic values using Indonesia as a case study. As one of the largest Muslim countries in the world, Indonesia offers a unique context in integrating religious teachings with the modern democratic system. Through qualitative methods that included a Google Form-based survey and a literature review of academic articles and journals, this research found that the majority of respondents (70%) believe that democratic values are in line with Islamic teachings, such as justice, deliberation and equality. However, the research also identified a number of challenges that Indonesia faces in harmonizing the two concepts. The main challenges include differences in the interpretation of Islamic law, difficulties in balancing sharia law with secular law, and the issue of political pluralism. In addition, factors such as intolerance, radicalism and identity politics often become obstacles in creating harmony between religious and democratic values. Despite these obstacles, Indonesia has made significant progress through moderation, strengthening civil society, and successfully managing religious and cultural diversity. Local traditions such as deliberation, gotong royong and pluralism provide a strong foundation for building an inclusive democratic system. This approach is not only relevant for the Indonesian context, but can also serve as a model for other Muslim-majority countries seeking to integrate religion and democracy. This research offers a new contribution to the understanding of the dynamics of the relationship between Islam and democracy, and highlights the importance of civil society strengthening, pluralism education, and the adaptation of religious values in the context of modern democracy. With the results obtained, this research is expected to be a reference for other Muslim countries in creating harmonious and sustainable political governance.

Financial literacy is an individual's ability to understand, analyze, and use financial information to make effective decisions. In the context of Islamic finance in Indonesia, low financial literacy is a major challenge in increasing financial inclusion. Islamic mutual funds, as one of the sharia-based investment instruments, offer an opportunity to bridge the gap between financial literacy and inclusion. Islamic mutual funds have the advantages of transparent sharia principles, wider accessibility, and diversified risks. This study aims to explore the role of Islamic mutual funds in increasing public financial literacy while encouraging Islamic financial inclusion. The methodology used includes secondary data analysis, surveys, and interviews with stakeholders, such as financial industry players, regulators, and the community. The results of the study show that education about Islamic mutual funds can consistently increase public understanding of Islamic financial products. In addition, Islamic mutual funds also have the potential to expand public access to Islamic financial services, especially among the younger generation and underserved groups. Integration of financial literacy programs based on sharia mutual funds with the support of regulations and digital technology can be a strategic step to strengthen the sharia financial ecosystem in Indonesia, thereby supporting more inclusive and sustainable financial inclusion.

This research explores the digital transformation in Islamic philanthropy, particularly through the optimization of zakat and waqf management using Islamic fintech. The digital economy and fintech present significant opportunities to enhance the efficiency and transparency in collecting and distributing Islamic philanthropic funds. By leveraging modern financial technology, zakat and waqf can be managed more effectively, ensuring precise and accountable distribution. The study also emphasizes the importance of Islamic financial literacy in supporting public participation in the digital economy. The findings show that integrating fintech in zakat and waqf management not only improves transparency and efficiency but also strengthens public trust in the Islamic financial system. Therefore, this research suggests further development of Islamic fintech technologies and enhanced educational programs to support the growth of Islamic philanthropy in the digital era. The research further emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive financial education programs and easily accessible information to enhance Islamic financial literacy among the broader public. Collaborative efforts between the government, financial institutions, and educational bodies are crucial to developing and promoting fintech solutions that comply with Sharia principles. Integrating technology into Islamic philanthropy not only optimizes fund management but also contributes to broader social and economic development goals by supporting more inclusive and sustainable growth. Consequently, Islamic fintech holds immense potential to revolutionize the management of zakat and waqf, fostering a more resilient and trusted financial ecosystem within the Muslim world.

The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of profit-sharing agreements among fishermen in Campurejo Village. Profit-sharing among fishermen is an agreement made by two or more parties with the shared goal of utilizing capital to generate profits. Profit-sharing has been practiced by Indonesian society for a long time, with its implementation usually carried out verbally without clear documentation. Another issue arising from profit-sharing is the limited access to capital sources for the majority of fishermen. This study uses a qualitative approach with an ethnomethodology method, and data collection techniques include documentation, interviews, and observation. Interviews were conducted with the "Juragan" fishermen and the "Belah" fishermen. The data analysis technique used in this study is data triangulation. The results of this study show that the profit-sharing practiced by the fishermen community in Campurejo Village follows the mudharabah profit-sharing model, with a profit-sharing ratio of 50% to 50% and 60% to 40%. The profit-sharing practiced by the fishermen community is in accordance with Sharia principles. The researcher recommends documenting transactions in a simple manner to strengthen cooperation with written evidence that will be useful in the future.

The background of this research is that the transformation of the global economy has encouraged innovation in various sectors, including the Islamic economic sector in recent decades. The emergence of digital financial technology (FinTech) has provided new opportunities for the Islamic economy to encourage inclusive and sustainable growth. This research uses a literature study research method by reviewing and analyzing several journals that are closely related to the topic of discussion. This literature study approach involves collecting, evaluating, and analyzing various relevant literature sources to understand the interrelationship between the Islamic economy, digital fintech innovation, and sustainability principles. The result of this study is that the role of technology in supporting halal transactions includes technology can be an effective tool to increase awareness and understanding of Islamic financial principles, technology can be used as a campaign site to spread information about Islamic economics through interesting and easy-to-understand content, technology can create websites that focus on Islamic economics, and financial transactions can become easier and more efficient. Islamic fintech utilizes technological advances to offer transparent, efficient, and secure financial services to the unbanked. In addition, Islamic fintech supports sustainability by following sharia principles that prohibit riba (interest), gharar (uncertainty), and encourage fair and transparent financing.

This study focuses on analyzing the impact of Islamic financial literacy on the interest in investing in the Shariamarket. Islamic financial literacy involves a deep understanding of financial principles that comply with Islamic law, including zakat, riba, and the principle of justice in financial transactions. The growing awareness of halal and Sharia-compliant investments suggests that Islamic financial literacy can be a decisive factor in investment decisions. This study uses a quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to 200 respondents, comprising prospective investors and active investors in the Sharia capital market. The results of the study indicate that higher levels of Islamic financial literacy positively correlate with greater interest in investing in Sharia capital market instruments such as sukuk and Sharia mutual funds. These findings highlight the need for more intensive Islamic financial education programs to improve public literacy and support the development of the Sharia capital market in Indonesia. Supporting policies and innovations in Sharia investment products are also identified as crucial factors in encouraging investment interest. Thus, this study concludes that enhancing Islamic financial literacy can play a significant role in advancing the Sharia capital market and supporting a more inclusive Islamic economy. This research demonstrates that Islamic financial literacy significantly influences investment interest in the Sharia capital market. Investors with a solid understanding of Islamic financial principles such as riba (usury), zakat (almsgiving), and profit-sharing are more likely to opt for Sharia-compliant investment products like sukuk (Islamic bonds) and Sharia mutual funds. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive financial education programs and the availability of accessible information to enhance Islamic financial literacy among the public. These efforts are expected to increase participation in the Sharia capital market and support more inclusive and sustainable economic growth in Indonesia.

This research aims to explore people's preferences in choosing between conventional and Islamic banks, focusing on the factors that influence customer decisions. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting primary data through Google Form questionnaires and secondary data through literature studies. The results show that although 80% of respondents understand the differences between conventional and Islamic banks, 83% still choose conventional banks. The main reasons include ease of infrastructure access, wider ATM availability, and integration with educational institutions and workplaces. Interestingly, 63% of respondents cite religion as a key consideration, and 70% consider the usury aspect of bank selection.Islamic banks are considered to have the advantage of applying the principles of fairness, transparency, and avoiding usury. However, obstacles such as limited ATM networks and lack of cooperation with companies are the main challenges in attracting customers.The study suggests Islamic banks to expand their networks, improve public education, and develop more innovative financial products that still comply with sharia principles.

This study aims to identify the accountability and transparency of sharia financial management in non-profit organizations, especially SD IT Yarsi Mataram, so that the implementation of financial management can be carried out in accordance with sharia principles. This study is a literature study, where relevant solutions to the conditions that occur at SD IT Yarsi Mataram are compiled based on relevant references that can be collected. Accountability and transparency of financial management have specifically been explained in Surah Al Baqarah Verse 282. Accountability in Islam is closely related to Amanah. And the transparency of financial management will affect the level of management accountability to stakeholders. SD IT Yarsi Mataram in recent years has not been transparent about financial management. The lack of transparency efforts in the allocation of funds obtained from student guardians as stakeholders and school committee bodies, has the potential to reduce the level of accountability of financial management. This minimal transparency and low level of accountability can trigger turmoil and distrust of stakeholders over the performance of school management. By conducting financial management transparency as part of accountability to stakeholders, it will increase trust and assessment of school management performance.

This study aims to analyze the impact of sharia principles implementation and product innovation on the financial performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach through regression analysis, the study reveals that consistent adherence to sharia principles and relevant product innovation significantly affect financial performance. Partial tests show that sharia principles significantly influence customer trust and satisfaction, while product innovation contributes to enhancing competitiveness in the digital era. Simultaneously, these two variables strongly impact financial performance, with the regression model explaining 74% of the variance in financial performance. This study highlights the importance of synergy between sharia principles and product innovation in supporting the sustainability of the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia.