Publication Search

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the STEM approach and the scientific approach in learning Trigonometry in terms of students’ mathematical problem-solving ability and self-efficacy. The research employed a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent comparison group design. The study population consisted of all Grade X MIPA students at MA Al-Ma’had An-Nur in the 2023/2024 academic year, with the sample taken from classes X MIPA 1 and X MIPA 2. Data collection instruments included pre-test and post-test assessments of mathematical problem-solving ability and a student self-efficacy questionnaire. Effectiveness criteria were based on post-test averages exceeding 75 for problem-solving ability and self-efficacy scores above 72, as well as improvements from pre-test results. Data were analyzed using the t-test at a 5% significance level to determine learning effectiveness in both groups. Differences in students’ initial conditions and treatment effects were examined using Hotelling’s T² and the N-Gain score test. An independent-sample t-test of N-Gain was used to compare the superiority between the two approaches. The results indicated that both the STEM and scientific approaches were effective in improving students’ mathematical problem-solving ability and self-efficacy. The STEM approach significantly influenced both variables and was superior in enhancing problem-solving ability, although not superior in improving students’ self-efficacy.

In Islam, the family is a spiritual institution that plays a central role in shaping human psychological and moral balance. However, modernization, individualism, and value disorientation have led to rising psychological crises and disharmony in Muslim households. This issue requires a scientific approach that goes beyond legal-normative perspectives toward an integrative psychological understanding. This study aims to analyze the concept of Sakinah, Mawaddah, and Rahmah from a psychological perspective to formulate a contextual and applicable model of family well-being. The research employs a qualitative library research method by synthesizing Islamic sources (Qur’an, Hadith, and classical scholarship) with contemporary psychological theories of emotional well-being and spiritual intelligence. The findings reveal that Sakinah represents spiritual-emotional equilibrium, Mawaddah functions as an ethical and transcendental affective energy, and Rahmah embodies compassionate empathy that nurtures healing and forgiveness. Together, these values constitute the Islamic Family Well-Being Model, an integrative paradigm that situates spirituality as emotional regulation, love as affective force, and compassion as moral regulator. This model asserts that genuine harmony in Muslim families can only be achieved through psycho-spiritual balance grounded in divine values.

This research primary objective is to describe the evaluation of Physical Education learning programs in inclusive elementary schools located in Purworejo Regency. The focus is on: (1) analyzing the preparation process for Physical Education learning in inclusive elementary schools, (2) analyzing the implementation process for Physical Education (PE) learning activities in inclusive elementary schools, and (3) analyzing the assessment methods for Physical Education learning in inclusive elementary schools. This research employed an evaluation research method with a Concurrent Embedded (unbalanced mixed) design. The data were analyzed by using the Countenance Stake Model. This model emphasizes two types of operations: description and judgment, distinguished three phases in the evaluation of Physical Education learning in inclusive elementary schools: (1) the antecedent stage, (2) the transaction stage, and (3) the outcomes stage. The research subjects were school supervisors, principals, Physical Education teachers, and parents of students. The data collection techniques used questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed by using descriptive quantitative and descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. The research findings indicate: (1) the preliminary stage (antecedent), the description of PE learning, is in the good category, because the learning objectives have been adjusted to the conditions of the students, teachers have the qualifications to be able to develop semester programs, syllabi, and lesson plans, the condition of supporting infrastructure, teachers' comprehension on learning strategies and mastery of PE learning materials; (2) the process stage (transaction), the description of PE learning, is in the good category because the implementation of PE learning is in accordance with the curriculum, using integrative thematic learning with a scientific approach and the implementation of authentic assessment; (3) the results stage (outcomes), the measurement of the results of assessments conducted by teachers covering aspects of attitude, knowledge, and skills in PE learning, is in the good category but has not been carried out comprehensively to assess input, process, and output/results.

Low frequency and minimal practicum facilities have become the main problems in the implementation of science learning at SMP Negeri 1 Sambi, Boyolali. According to the Minister of National Education Regulation Number 24 of 2007, the learning process requires facilities and infrastructure that support optimal implementation. The benefits of science practicum include increasing students’ motivation to learn science and providing opportunities for them to satisfy their curiosity through scientific approaches. The purpose of this research is to examine the implementation of science practicum and to evaluate the quality of the facilities and infrastructure of the science laboratory at SMP Negeri 1 Sambi, Boyolali. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through observation, documentation, interviews, and questionnaires. The results show that the quality of facilities and infrastructure for science practical activities at SMP Negeri 1 Sambi, Boyolali is classified as good, as stated in the Minister of National Education Regulation Number 24 of 2007, with an average percentage of 71.62%. The implementation of science practicum is categorized as very good, with an average percentage of 97.8%. The results of the questionnaire also show that 93.4% of the science practicums fall into the very good category, meaning that the implementation of science practicum for Grade VIII in the odd semester runs well.

Cassava tapai is a traditional Indonesian food product produced through the fermentation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) with the help of microorganisms, particularly the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This product not only has cultural and economic value but also contains bioactive compounds with health benefits, such as probiotics and fermentation metabolites. However, the quality of cassava tapai is significantly influenced by process factors, particularly incubation time. This study aimed to analyze microbial growth and changes in the chemical properties of cassava tapai with varying fermentation times. The study was conducted using an experimental design with fermentation times of 24, 48, and 72 hours at room temperature. The main parameters observed included the number of microbial colonies (cfu/g), pH changes, and alcohol content produced during the fermentation process. The results showed that microbial growth increased significantly, peaking at 48 hours, with the highest colony count compared to other treatments. After 72 hours, the number of colonies decreased, likely due to ethanol accumulation and decreased substrate availability, which reduced microbial activity. The pH value tended to decrease with increasing fermentation time, reflecting the formation of organic acids during the process. Meanwhile, the alcohol content showed an increasing trend from the beginning to the end of fermentation, although the growth rate was relatively slower at 72 hours. These findings confirm that varying incubation length significantly influences microbial dynamics and chemical changes in cassava tapai. The optimal fermentation time is around 48 hours, as this is the phase where the balance between microbial growth, alcohol formation, and sensory characteristics is maintained. The results of this study can serve as a basis for developing standards for cassava tapai production at both household and industrial scales, while also strengthening efforts to preserve traditional foods with a modern scientific approach.

Various recent studies have shown that natural active compounds contained in traditional and fermented plants play a crucial role in supporting human health. These compounds include flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, organic acids, probiotics, and other phenolic compounds. Detection of these compounds is usually carried out through specific chemical reactions that allow researchers to more precisely identify the bioactive components. Their biological activities are diverse, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, which work to protect the body from cell damage and infection. Natural compounds are considered promising agents for disease prevention and health promotion due to their broad biological activities. The fermentation process has been shown to increase the content of bioactive compounds while lowering the pH of the medium, creating conditions unfavorable for the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, probiotics that develop during fermentation play a role in maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota, strengthening the immune system, and improving digestive health. Fermented products are widely recognized as functional foods because they contain beneficial probiotics and enhanced bioactive compounds. These naturally derived products, rich in secondary metabolites, have also been shown to have significant physiological effects, such as lowering cholesterol levels, controlling blood sugar, and maintaining stable blood pressure. This makes natural ingredients and fermented products not only sources of nutrition but also have great potential for development as functional foods and traditional herbal medicines. This highlights the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches in developing functional foods and herbal medicines. Therefore, research on natural bioactive compounds and the role of fermentation in enhancing their effectiveness is highly relevant to supporting sustainable public health.  

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a student-centered teaching approach, where the learning process begins with a real-life problem relevant to everyday life. PBL encourages students to actively seek information, analyze data, and formulate solutions through group work and discussion. This approach not only develops critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills but also increases students' independence and responsibility for their own learning process. This article aims to examine how PBL is implemented in two main curricula in Indonesia: the 2013 Curriculum (K13) and the Independent Curriculum. In the 2013 Curriculum, PBL is integrated through a scientific approach and project-based activities, where students are invited to explore concepts and theories through investigative activities. Meanwhile, the Independent Curriculum provides more space for teachers and students to design contextual and personalized learning activities, making the implementation of PBL more flexible and adaptive to local needs and student characteristics. The literature review results indicate that both curricula effectively utilize PBL principles to enhance students' cognitive and metacognitive skills. The Independent Curriculum, in particular, places greater emphasis on independent learning, self-reflection, and the development of student interests through differentiated learning. Thus, the application of PBL within the context of the Independent Curriculum has proven to be more adaptive to the dynamics of 21st-century learning. In conclusion, the use of Problem-Based Learning in both curricula has significant potential to enhance students' learning abilities, as long as the approach is tailored to school conditions, student characteristics, and is supported by competent teachers and training in implementing this method effectively.

Indonesia's biodiversity holds great potential for drug development, including through the use of traditional medicinal plants such as tapak liman (Elephantopus scaber L.), suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth), and temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.). These plants have been used in traditional medicine and are known to contain bioactive compounds with potential anticancer properties. Tapak liman contains compounds capable of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Suruhan is known to have cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects, while temu ireng contains compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activity. This study aims to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds in these three plants using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and to explore their therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. The results of GC-MS analysis successfully identified six main compounds that have potential as anticancer agents, namely Phytol, Caryophyllene, Apiol, Germacrone, Germacrene B, and one additional compound. Temu ireng contains Germacrone, Germacrene B, and Caryophyllene, while suruhan contains Caryophyllene, Apiol, and Phytol. Meanwhile, tapak liman shows the presence of bioactive compounds that support cytotoxic activity. The focus of this study is on the interaction of bioactive compounds with the Bcl-2 protein, which plays a role in inhibiting apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, molecular analysis revealed that Germacrone, Germacrene B, Caryophyllene, and Apiol can also bind to the p53 protein, known as a guardian of the genome and a trigger for apoptosis. These findings suggest that the three plants have high potential as natural sources of anticancer agents. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended to test the biological efficacy of these compounds in the context of cancer therapy, thereby bridging traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches in the development of natural-based medications.

The development of the education curriculum in Indonesia reflects a paradigm shift in strengthening scientific literacy, which plays an important role in shaping critical thinking patterns and student analysis to face the challenges of the 21st century. This study aims to examine the development of the concept of scientific literacy in the Indonesian national curriculum policy from the era of the School Level Curriculum (KTSP), the 2013 Curriculum, to the Merdeka Curriculum. The study was conducted through a literature study method on 20 relevant scientific articles published in the period 2013 to 2025. The results of the study show that scientific literacy in the KTSP is still implicit, limited to contextual learning approaches and direct experience. In the 2013 Curriculum, strengthening scientific literacy began to be realized through a scientific approach that encouraged students to develop critical thinking skills, understand scientific concepts, and carry out scientific processes systematically. Further transformation is seen in the Merdeka Curriculum, where scientific literacy is not only focused on cognitive aspects, but is also linked to character values ​​and contextual problem solving through strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile and project-based learning. In general, this study concludes that there is a paradigm shift from knowledge-oriented science literacy to holistic and applied science literacy. This finding emphasizes the importance of continuity between policy curriculum, teacher professional development, and implementation of strategies in the field to optimize students' achievement of science literacy.

The background of this study is based on the absence of formal pantomime learning in the curriculum or in extracurricular activities, but the school is able to achieve achievements in pantomime competitions. This study aims to examine the pantomime teaching strategy at SMPN 1 Kawali in improving student creativity as preparation for facing pantomime competitions between students. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analytical approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, documentation and literature studies. The subjects of this study were art and culture teachers and students who were prepared as participants in the pantomime competition. The results of this study indicate that the teaching strategies applied include: (1) Application of a scientific approach and application of the discovery learning method, experimental method, drill method, demonstration method, (2) talent search selection strategy through NMB (Nesaka Mencari Bakat) activities and dance extracurricular activities, (3) competition strategy which includes the stages of introducing basic pantomime concepts, exploring themes and storylines, designing movements and development, intensive training and periodic evaluation of student abilities in terms of expression, movement techniques and creativity. All of these strategies have been proven to be able to improve student creativity, prepare them optimally for competition, and produce achievements in pantomime competitions.                                                                                 

The scientific approach is an approach that conveys students' understanding of knowledge and uses a scientific approach to understand the scientific approach that does not depend on direct information from the teacher, anytime, anywhere, anytime (Daryanto, 2015). Through this approach, learning is aimed at students who are centered on interactive, encouraging students to improve their thinking skills. According to Permendikbud (2013), students carry out five main activities to learn: observation, questioning, gathering information, connection and communication. When using a scientific approach, the question aspect is the most difficult aspect. Many students have low enthusiasm, curiosity, and motivation to follow the PPKN compartment. The area of ​​study is considered boring and student life is lost. Low skills in critical thinking, problem solving and decision making also interfere with the learning process (Fischer et al 2012 Murawski 2012 Wang & Zheng, 2016). To answer or ask questions, students must have the ability to analyze, evaluate, integrate, and apply acquaintances.

This study aimed to improve the learning outcomes of second-grade students at SD Negeri Latsari Tuban in Indonesian language lessons, specifically focusing on the theme "My Unique Family." The classroom activities were designed to encourage active student participation through group discussions on related topics. The research was conducted over two cycles, applying a scientific approach to the learning process.The findings showed a 20% improvement in student learning outcomes, with the average score increasing to 8.68. Mastery levels also improved significantly, from 69% in the first cycle to 89% in the second cycle. These results demonstrate that the scientific approach effectively enhanced student understanding and engagement during the lessons.Overall, the study concludes that the scientific approach is a beneficial method for improving learning outcomes in Indonesian language subjects. It also suggests the broader applicability of this method for enhancing student achievement across other themes and subject areas.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the scientific approach in improving Natural Sciences (IPA) learning outcomes among Elementary School students. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach by analyzing various scientific sources such as journal articles, books, and relevant research reports from the past five years. The findings indicate that the scientific approach has a positive impact on students' understanding of science concepts, critical thinking skills, as well as motivation and engagement in the learning process. This approach encourages students to actively participate in scientific processes through the stages of observing, questioning, experimenting, reasoning, and communicating. These stages help make learning more meaningful, contextual, and aligned with students’ cognitive development. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, such as limited facilities and infrastructure, constrained instructional time, and the lack of teacher training in applying this approach effectively. Therefore, support from various stakeholders—including schools, government, and the community—is needed to overcome these obstacles and enhance the quality of science education. Overall, the scientific approach is considered effective in creating interactive, reflective, and student-centered science learning at the Elementary School level.

Learning dance for deaf children faces unique challenges due to their hearing limitations in understanding rhythm and movement. To overcome this, an exploration-based approach and direct experience are needed. This study aims to analyze the implementation of dance learning for deaf children using the Project Based Learning model at SLB Negeri Tamansari, Tasikmalaya City to improve understanding of dance concepts, movement understanding, rhythm coordination, teamwork, and responses to learning using a scientific approach with five main steps, namely observing, asking, reasoning, trying, communicating. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The subjects of the study were deaf students who took part in dance learning, from movement exploration to the final performance. This model allows them to learn actively, build understanding through direct practice, and develop creativity in performing dance. The results of the study showed that the implementation of Project Based Learning succeeded in improving the dance skills of deaf students. The use of hand clapping instructions and teacher types made it easier to understand rhythm. Repeated practice helps them adjust their movements to the tempo, while the performance increases their confidence and expression.

Analysis of the preliminary research phase as the basis for developing a biology practicum guide based on a scientific approach. The purpose of this study was to describe the initial research stage data obtained as a basis for developing teaching and learning materials based on research results that will be made in the future. The development model applied in this study is the Plomp model, which has reached the initial data investigation stage. Instruments for collecting data include interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The results of the student needs questionnaire revealed that students agreed that it was necessary to develop a practicum guide based on a scientific approach with a percentage of 94.73%. The teaching materials that have been used in learning are less effective so that students are less able to understand the subject matter. So it can be concluded that it is necessary to develop teaching materials for practicum guides based on a scientific approach on the material of the circulatory system and respiratory system in class XI SMAN 15 Pekanbaru.

Law has a regulatory and coercive nature, which means that everyone must obey the existing orders and prohibitions to maintain order and justice in society. The main purpose of law is to create order and justice. The legal research method is a way used to study legal rules and their application. This research is usually conducted with a scientific approach, namely looking for relevant data to answer existing problems. One method used is qualitative research, where researchers examine existing legal literature or sources to understand legal concepts more deeply. In legal research, there are two main approaches: first, studying the legal texts themselves normative studies, and second, seeing how the law is applied in society empirical approaches. These two approaches help us understand the law from a theoretical and practical perspective.

The maritime industry is undergoing rapid transformation, requiring systematic, evidence-based methodologies to improve product and service innovation success rates. Traditionally, maritime businesses have relied on intuition-based decision-making, leading to inefficiencies, increased risks, and inconsistent innovation outcomes. This study investigates the role of structured scientific methodologies in maritime innovation management, emphasizing how systematic approaches enhance decision accuracy, minimize risk, and improve long-term sustainability. This research provides original value by evaluating the effectiveness of structured scientific approaches in maritime innovation, an area where limited studies have explored the intersection of philosophy, leadership, and evidence-based decision-making. The study addresses the following research questions: To what extent do structure scientific methodologies improve product and service innovation success? How do industry leaders, lecturers, and students perceive the role of evidence-based decision-making in innovation? Using qualitative research methods, the study collected data from maritime experts, lecturers, and postgraduate students through semi-structured interviews and document analysis, followed by thematic and comparative analysis. Results indicate that structured methodologies significantly improve innovation outcomes, but barriers such as industry reluctance and lack of competency development hinder adoption. The study concludes that integrating scientific reasoning into maritime leadership training can enhance innovation success, mitigate risk, and foster a culture of evidence-based strategic management.

The studies of J. Lave and L. Silverman, which, with the help of the proximity technique,demonstrated that only through a closeness between time and space can relevant results be obtained toachieve a superior performance under the given conditions of the current health system, in our opinion,outlines the idea that the application of the Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TD-ABC) method is themost suitable solution. The complexity of TD-ABC operations is found in the time equations needed todetermine the resources consumed by each activity. Using these equations, it is easy to update the modelby adding an additional activity. This simplification would allow the multiplication of the activities to betreated without presenting difficulties in the distribution of resources. In fact, what we have here isclearly an "autonomous method of equivalence" that uses working time as a unit of equivalence. Themain objective of our concerns is to identify the determinants of the time required to start, perform andcomplete medical procedures in an ambulatory clinic organized in 15 medical offices. As a reaction to thecriticisms of some authors regarding the difficulty of measuring time for establishing the time drivers ofthe TD-ABC method, in the scientific approach carried out we tried to model the activity times with thehelp of the multiple regression model. We believe that the values ​​estimated and obtained with the help ofthe Automatic Linear Modeling factor analysis model eliminate the imperfection of the TD-ABC methodhighlighted by the authors S. Hoozée et al (2009) regarding subjectivity and instability in themeasurement of activity times.

This research presents the development of a Decision Support System aimed at assisting in the enhancement of palm oil production using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The rapid growth in the palm oil industry necessitates a scientific approach to selecting seedlings with optimal growth potential and yield. In this context, the application of artificial intelligence-based technology, such as decision support systems, is essential in the process of selecting superior palm oil seedlings. The objective of this study is to model the criteria for selecting the most superior palm oil seedlings using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method by comparing three criteria: leaflet shape, seedling root shape, and prospective trunk size. The result of this process is a decision support system that displays the value range of each palm oil seedling variety, thus facilitating farmers in choosing the most superior seedlings.

The purpose of the research is to provide training and enhance students' understanding of mathematical concepts. The methods used in this activity are direct practical methods and lecture methods. The service was conducted at SDN 2 Kembiritan Jl. Raya Pandan. RT / RW: 1 / 7, Dusun Temurejo, Kembiritan, Kec. Genteng, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, East Java 68465. The implementation of community service activities at SDN 2 Kembiritan was carried out in several stages, namely preparation, execution, and closure. The results of the community service showed that strengthening mathematical concepts with a scientific approach can enhance students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This was proven by the test results, which showed an improvement after the scientific approach was applied.