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Biology education in high school has an important role in shaping students' science literacy and critical thinking skills. However, ecological material, particularly the topic of Ecosystem Components and their Interactions, is often considered difficult because it is abstract and not easy to observe directly. This research aims to improve student learning outcomes through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model, which emphasizes real problem-solving, collaborative discussion, and active involvement in the learning process. The research uses the design of Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was carried out in two cycles in class X of St. Rosa de Lima Catholic High School Tondano involving 10 students in the odd semester of the 2025/2026 school year. Data was collected through observation of teacher and student activities, learning outcome tests in the form of pretests and posttests, and learning documentation. The analysis was carried out descriptively, qualitatively, and quantitatively by calculating the average score, percentage of completion, and student involvement. The results of the study showed a significant increase. The percentage of teacher activity increased from 58.3% in the first cycle to 87.5% in the second cycle, while student activity increased from 45.83% to 83.33%. The average score of students also increased from 70% in cycle I to 90% in cycle II, with classical completeness reaching 90%. These findings confirm the effectiveness of PBL as a contextual Biology learning strategy, able to bridge ecological concepts with real life, and increase students' curiosity, cooperation, and critical thinking skills.

The development of the education curriculum in Indonesia reflects a paradigm shift in strengthening scientific literacy, which plays an important role in shaping critical thinking patterns and student analysis to face the challenges of the 21st century. This study aims to examine the development of the concept of scientific literacy in the Indonesian national curriculum policy from the era of the School Level Curriculum (KTSP), the 2013 Curriculum, to the Merdeka Curriculum. The study was conducted through a literature study method on 20 relevant scientific articles published in the period 2013 to 2025. The results of the study show that scientific literacy in the KTSP is still implicit, limited to contextual learning approaches and direct experience. In the 2013 Curriculum, strengthening scientific literacy began to be realized through a scientific approach that encouraged students to develop critical thinking skills, understand scientific concepts, and carry out scientific processes systematically. Further transformation is seen in the Merdeka Curriculum, where scientific literacy is not only focused on cognitive aspects, but is also linked to character values ​​and contextual problem solving through strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile and project-based learning. In general, this study concludes that there is a paradigm shift from knowledge-oriented science literacy to holistic and applied science literacy. This finding emphasizes the importance of continuity between policy curriculum, teacher professional development, and implementation of strategies in the field to optimize students' achievement of science literacy.

PISA results show that Indonesia's science literacy skills are low, so a solution is needed to fix the problem. This study aims to analyze the role of multimedia in improving students' science literacy skills. The method used is by collecting literature review data and then reviewing information from the data that has been collected. Based on the results of this study, it was found that multimedia can improve students' science literacy skills in both the “High” and “Medium” categories, so the use of multimedia in the learning process is considered important to improve students science literacy skills. Text, images, audio, animation, and video contained in multimedia can facilitate students in understanding the material, stimulate students' thinking skills, and create active learning.    

PISA results show that Indonesia's science literacy skills are low, so a solution is needed to fix the problem. This study aims to analyze the role of multimedia in improving students' science literacy skills. The method used is by collecting literature review data and then reviewing information from the data that has been collected. Based on the results of this study, it was found that multimedia can improve students' science literacy skills in both the “High” and “Medium” categories, so the use of multimedia in the learning process is considered important to improve students science literacy skills. Text, images, audio, animation, and video contained in multimedia can facilitate students in understanding the material, stimulate students' thinking skills, and create active learning.

This study aims to describe the validity of climate change teaching materials based on science literacy and curiosity character of junior high school students. The research method used is research and development (R&D) through the modified four-D (4 D) model. This modul development procedure includes three stages, whisch are define, design and develop. The subjects of this research and development include 5 expert validators. The type of data obtained is quantitative data in the formdof product validation questionnaire scores. The results of research and development of junior high school science teaching materials based on science literacy and characterised by curiosity on the topic of climate change by expert validators obtained validity results with a total of 0.90 with valid criteria. This is reviewed from three aspects: (1) content feasibility scored 0.90 with valid criteria, (2) presentation feasibility aspect scored 0.88 with valid criteria, (3) linguistic feasibility aspect scored 0.92 with valid criteria. So it can be concluded from all the validity tests that the teaching materials developed are classified as valid criteria.

This study aims to determine the implementation of blended learning in improving the scientific literacy of SMA/MA students in Indonesia. This research is a type of meta-analysis research. The sample of this research comes from the analysis of 14 articles that have been published from 2017-2022. The sampled articles have been indexed by SINTA, DOAJ, Google Scholar, Scopus and Copernicus. Research sample search through google scolar and sciencedirect. The sampling technique is purposive sampling technique. The data that can be sampled only has a relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, namely blended learning and students' scientific literacy. The data analysis technique in this study is a quantitative data analysis technique with SPSS 21 and JSAP applications with a value of sig.0.005. The application is to calculate the value of Effect Size (ES), Mean and Standard deviation (SD). The results of this study concluded that the application of blended learning was able to increase the scientific literacy of SMA/MA students in Indonesia with an Effect size (ES) of 0.494 and an n-Gain of 0.391. So, teachers in the 4.0 revolution era must be able to apply blended learning models to students so that students are able to face current global competitors.

This study aims to analyse the implementation of literacy programs in three primary schools, namely SDN 8 Bandar Laksamana, SDN 14 Teluk Mesjid and SDN 92 Pekanbaru. The research method used was observation and document analysis of literacy activities conducted by these schools. The results show that the three schools have implemented various types of literacy, such as literacy in reading and writing, digital literacy, science literacy, financial literacy, numeracy literacy and cultural-civic literacy. Through habituation, development and learning, students are given the opportunity to develop literacy skills holistically. Keywords relevant to this study are literacy, literacy program, primary school, observation, document analysis. This study shows that the successful implementation of literacy programs is supported by the commitment and efforts of schools in providing varied literacy experiences and actively involving students. The literacy programs help students improve their skills in reading, writing, using digital technology, understanding science, managing finances, understanding mathematics, and appreciating culture and citizenship. The findings provide important insights for educators and policy makers in improving the quality of basic education and students' literacy development.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of STEM-integrated blended learning on Indonesian students' science literacy. This research is a type of meta-analysis research. The data sources in the study came from the analysis of 10 national and international journals published from 2017-2023. The data search process through searching on Google Scholar, Scopus, Wiley, Eric and Hindawi Journal. Data collection techniques in research through direct observation by tracing studies related to research variables. The keywords in this article search are blended learning, STEM and science literacy. Data analysis technique is descriptive quantitative analysis technique with JSAP application. The results concluded that STEM-integrated blended learning is effective in encouraging the level of science literacy of students in Indonesia with an effect size value of 0.71 and N-gain of 0.82. Blended learning greatly supports the learning process in Indonesia in improving students' literacy in learning.