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This research aims to evaluate strategies for increasing beef cattle productivity through optimizing concentrate feed based on local ingredients in Perbaungan, Serdang Bedagai Regency. Surveys and interviews were conducted to collect data regarding feeding patterns, costs and production efficiency. The research results show that concentrate feed, although more expensive than forage, provides higher efficiency in supporting daily weight gain in beef cattle. Local ingredients such as rice bran, palm oil cake and tofu dregs have great potential for use in concentrate formulations, thereby reducing costs and increasing the sustainability of livestock businesses. Optimal strategies include providing concentrate as needed, combining with forage, and managing feed stock. This optimization has been proven to be able to increase beef cattle. productivity and support national meat self-sufficiency efforts

This study aims to analyze the effect of feed supplements on the health and growth of beef cattle. The method used is a literature review, examining various relevant sources related to livestock feed and supplements. The results show that the addition of protein in feed increases the average daily gain (ADG) of cattle by 1.0-1.2 kg/day compared to cattle without supplements (0.7 kg/day). Feed supplements also proved to improve feed conversion efficiency by up to 20-25% and reduce feed costs when combined with local feed. Additionally, the provision of minerals and vitamins such as vitamin E and selenium contributes to improving cattle immunity and reproductive health. The implementation of good livestock health management, including routine administration of vitamins and deworming, is key to enhancing the productivity and health of beef cattle.

This study investigated the effect of genetic quality of local North Sumatra cattle on fattening efficiency. PCR and RFLP-based genetic analyses and fattening efficiency measurements through average daily growth (ADG) and feed conversion (FCR) were used. local cattle from Deli Serdang, Langkat, and Simalungun were used. The study showed that feed management involving the use of concentrate and high-quality forage can improve cattle fattening efficiency, and the IGF-1 gene plays a significant role in cattle growth. A strong correlation between fattening efficiency and genetic quality (r = 0.85) indicates the importance of genetic selection to improve productive local cattle. Based on these findings, it is recommended to implement molecular marker-based genetic selection programmes and improve feed management by diversifying local feed sources. In addition, it is necessary to improve farmer training on more efficient husbandry methods. This research provides policy suggestions that can be implemented to support the curiosity of the livestock industry in North Sumatra and improve the efficiency of local cattle production.

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of beef cattle farming in the Perbaungan area, North Sumatra, and to develop sustainable business development strategies. The approaches used include financial, technical, and market analysis, with data collected through field surveys, interviews with farmers, and secondary data analysis. The results of the study indicate that the beef cattle farming business in this location is economically feasible with a significant level of profit. Recommended development strategies include optimizing feed management, increasing human resource capacity, and product diversification to expand the market. These findings are expected to help local farmers improve their business productivity and contribute to national food security.

This study aims to assess the potential development of beef cattle farming businesses for farmers in Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. The variables used in this research are beef cattle production and beef cattle prices as independent variables, and farmers' income as the dependent variable. The analysis approach utilizes a quantitative method with a multiple linear regression model using time-series data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Perbaungan District for the period 2019–2023. The results indicate that the development of beef cattle farming businesses in Perbaungan District has significant potential to increase farmers' income and improve their welfare. The variables of beef cattle production and beef cattle prices collectively have a significant influence on farmers' income.

Milk consumption and the need for beef cattle for food purposes or sacrificial purposes continue to increase from year to year. This increase is in line with the increasing level of the economy and awareness of the need for nutritious food. However, the increase in demand still faces many production constraints due to the difficulties faced by farmers, the decline in cattle production from year to year in Indonesia. This causes Indonesia to have to import beef for 35.95% of the total national beef consumption. With many factors that affect the decline in the production rate of dairy cows or beef cattle every year, one of them is air pollution and poor air quality in cages. Along with the development of technology, a monitoring and detection system for air cleanliness in cattle pens was created, using the MQ-7 sensor as the concentration of carbon monoxide, the MQ-135 sensor as the concentration of ammonia gas, the MQ-2 sensor as the smoke detection, and When the air pollution value of each sensor input is according to the air pollution standard index (ISPU), the outputs namely indicator lights, buzzers and blowers will be on, then there will be temporary air neutralization in the cage. This tool is made easier by internet of things technology, so that it can send notifications via telegram and can see the level of air pollution levels through the web.

This study aims to analyzes the management of beef cattle maintenance in Pematang Sijonam Village, Perbaungan District, using a survey method through interviews and observations of farmers. Data includes maintenance techniques, feed quality, livestock health, and management practices that affect productivity. The results show that farmers are still using traditional techniques and facing obstacles in providing quality feed and managing livestock health. Factors such as farmer knowledge, skills, resource availability, and government support greatly affect the success of maintenance management. To increase the productivity and welfare of farmers, it is necessary to increase knowledge and skills through training, as well as government support in providing adequate resources and maintenance facilities.

Although North Sumatra's cattle farms have enormous potential for development, there are still several issues that hinder productivity and efficiency. The comparative advantages and development strategies of cattle farming in the region are the subject of this study. The methods used include literature analysis and secondary data from various relevant sources. The results showed that, although local cattle have advantages in terms of adaptation to the environment, their productivity is lower than imported cattle such as Brahman Cross. Some of the factors that lead to low productivity include poor feed management, limited use of technology such as artificial insemination, and an ineffective marketing system. In addition, this study found that by improving the efficiency of agricultural waste as feed, cattle farming can thrive, the use of biogas and improved marketing systems through farmer cooperatives. Improving the competitiveness of cattle farming in North Sumatra can be achieved through the application of technology and local wisdom-based approaches. This research is expected to help in making policies and strategies to develop more efficient and sustainable cattle farming in the future.

Cattle farming is crucial to the economy, particularly in agricultural countries, providing meat, milk, and leather, as well as raw materials for related industries. In Indonesia, cattle farming is growing rapidly, with Perbaungan, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra, showing significant development due to favorable conditions such as fertile land and abundant feed resources. This study evaluates the fattening of Madras cattle through field experiments, using a balanced mix of concentrate and grass. The results suggest that fattening cattle is a viable business, contributing to national beef production and food security. The total monthly production cost for 70 cattle is Rp 59,283,000, indicating economic feasibility for further development.

The beef cattle farming industry plays an important role in supporting food security and national economic growth. North Sumatra Province is an area with supportive geographical potential and great opportunities for developing this sector. However, several challenges such as low productivity, market competition, and infrastructure limitations still hinder its development. This study aims to analyze the potential and comparative advantages of North Sumatra Province in the development of beef cattle farming and to predict its growth in the future. The methods used are Location Quotient (LQ) analysis and the Growth Ratio Model (MRP). The data used are secondary data from the last three years (2020-2022) obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of North Sumatra Province, the Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health, and the North Sumatra Provincial Livestock Office. LQ analysis is used to identify leading commodities in the livestock sector, while MRP is used to predict the growth of the beef cattle industry. The analysis results show that several districts in North Sumatra, such as Deli Serdang, Simalungun, and Asahan, have an LQ greater than 1, indicating that beef cattle farming is a leading sector. Meanwhile, several districts, such as Langkat and Karo, have an LQ less than 1, indicating that this sector has not yet become a base for beef cattle farming. With an MRP of 4.0%, Simalungun shows the highest growth rate, followed by Deli Serdang and Asahan. This research provides an important overview of the potential and challenges of beef cattle farming in North Sumatra Province for appropriate policy-making and the future development of this sector.

The growth of Indonesia's cattle population and productivity, and the factors contributing to these changes. Government policies, livestock health conditions and a shortage of quality feed have transformed Indonesia's cattle sector in recent years. Although the Special Effort for Mandatory Breeding Cattle (Upsus Siwab) programme has resulted in an increase in the cattle population, the implementation of this programme is still uneven across the country. In contrast, Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks and feed limitation issues are major constraints to increasing productivity. As the results show, regions that have better access to artificial insemination technology and high-quality feed have better results compared to other regions. To achieve sustainable cattle growth in Indonesia, more equitable policies, strengthened animal health systems, and improved feed distribution and quality are needed.

To find out  the beef cattle business in Perbaungan sub-district is potentially profitable from a financial, social and environmental perspective. Primary data were collected through interviews with farmers and secondary data from relevant agencies. Descriptive-analytical method was used. Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were used to assess business feasibility. The results showed that the beef cattle business is financially viable with a BCR value of 1.35, NPV of 25,000,000, and IRR of 18 per cent. In addition, the business has a positive impact on income generation, job creation, and farmer welfare. But there are some problems, such as changes in feed prices and cattle waste management. Even if feed prices and cattle selling prices change significantly, the business is still viable, according to the sensitivity analysis. To make the business more sustainable, the government should help through training programmes, feed subsidies and access to finance. Beef cattle enterprises have great potential to grow and have a positive impact on both the environment and the community if managed properly.

 In this study to see how small to medium-scale farmers face problems when developing beef cattle farming businesses in Perbaungan District, North Sumatra. The research utilised a descriptive survey to collect data through field observations, structured interviews and desk research. The research involved beef cattle farmers from various business scales. Livestock production, feed use and capital constraints were included in the quantitative and descriptive analyses.The results showed that low-quality feed, capital availability and technical knowledge affected livestock productivity in the area. Large-scale farmers use commercial feed to get better results, while small-scale farmers rely more on natural feed. Improved access to high-quality feed, technical training and low-interest business credit are some of the development plans. Thus, to achieve sustainability of the sector, beef cattle enterprise development requires a holistic approach with government support, continuous training and cooperation with relevant institutions.

This study aims to analyze the effect of sapta production on cattle fattening in Serdang Bedagai. With the increasing demand for cattle in the local market, it is important to understand the factors that influence the productivity of cattle farming. The method used in this study is a quantitative survey, with data collection through questionnaires distributed to cattle farmers in cattle fattening businesses in Serdang Bedagai. Production variables included production cost, feed amount, maintenance, and yield per period. Analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between production variables and farmers' income. The results of the study are expected to provide insight into the dominant factors affecting the production and income of cattle farmers. The findings provide insight for farmers on the importance of production management to increase profits and business sustainability. This study is expected to serve as a basis for the development of more effective production strategies in the cattle farming sector in Serdang Bedagai.

This research examines how the vision and mission in the management of educational institutions, with a focus on MAN 1 Medan. The background of this research stems from the need to improve the quality of human resources in the era of rapid development of science and technology. The method used is a literature study, by collecting and analysing various current literature on the vision and mission of education. The research findings show that a clear and relevant vision serves as a strategic guide in decision-making and educational policy development. In addition, a well-defined mission helps in formulating concrete steps to achieve the vision. The study also emphasises the importance of involving all stakeholders in the vision and mission formulation process so that they can be internalised and accepted by all members of the school community. The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of how an effective vision and mission can improve the quality of education and produce globally competitive graduates.

Indonesia, based on natural resource potential, has great potential to achieve beef self-sufficiency. The contribution of this sector is not only limited to meeting food needs in the form of beef, but also includes economic aspects such as providing employment opportunities, industrial raw materials, and increasing the income of local farmers. This shows that the development of this sector has great potential in supporting food security and improving community welfare. Therefore, research was conducted on performance indicators that could influence the performance of the cattle farming sector in Indonesia in 2022 using cluster analysis. Cluster analysis is a statistical method that identifies groups of samples based on similar characteristics. Cluster analysis has two methods, namely hierarchical and non-hierarchical. This research focuses on classifying regions in Indonesia into groups based on similar characteristics. In this research, cluster analysis assumptions will be tested, namely the multivariate normal distribution test, conducting cluster analysis using hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods, characterizing the data in each cluster, then drawing conclusions and suggestions from the research results. Based on the research results obtained on data characteristics, it was found that variables tend to have a variety of data. Hierarchical cluster analysis uses the single linkage method which has an optimum number of clusters of 4. The highest number of cluster members is in cluster 1. Then cluster 1 shows the highest performance in the cattle farming sector. In non-hierarchical cluster analysis using the k-means method which has an optimum number of clusters of 5. The highest number of cluster members is in cluster 4. Then clusters 2, 3 and 4 show higher performance in the cattle farming sector compared to clusters 1 and 5 .

This research successfully designed and built a CNC drawing machine based on Arduino. The system utilizes NEMA stepper motors to move the X and Y axes, as well as a servo motor to control the Z axis. The Arduino Uno, supported by GRBL firmware, acts as the central controller that processes commands from the Inkscape software. The results of the research demonstrate that the developed CNC machine is capable of producing images with satisfactory accuracy. The appropriate selection of components and optimal parameter settings have contributed to the machine's reliable performance.

This community service program aims to increase the use of abundant milk from dairy cows in Sereng Hamlet, Kemiri Village, Puspo District, Pasuruan Regency, through training in making sucked pudding or pudot. The local community, which previously only sold raw milk to collectors with low economic value, is trained to process milk into value-added products that are more attractive to consumers using direct practical methods to facilitate community understanding and skills at every stage, starting from socialization, training theoretically, hands-on practice, to digital marketing. The results of the activity showed that participants not only mastered the technique of processing pudot with various flavors, but also utilized digital platforms to reach a wider market. Apart from improving technical and economic skills, this program motivates communities to innovate and be independent in managing local products. With ongoing support and evaluation, it is hoped that the people of Sereng Hamlet can create new, sustainable business opportunities and strengthen the village economy through diversifying dairy products. This program is expected to become a model for rural economic development that can significantly improve the quality of life of local communities

This research aims to determine strategies for developing beef cattle farming to increase farmers' income in Bangkali village, Watopute District, Muna Regency. Determining the research area was carried out purposively with the consideration that Bangkali Village, Watopute District, Muna Regency has great potential for the development of beef cattle. There were four informants in this research, including the Animal Husbandry Service, Breeders, Extension Institute and Financial Institutions. Data analysis uses Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis. The results of the research show that the priority strategy for developing the beef cattle business to increase farmers' income in Bangkali Village, Watopute District, Muna Regency is capital/finance weight 316, Increasing Marketing weight 275, Increasing human resources weight 206, and increasing production weight 203 with an inconsistency of 0.02

Moving on from the reality found in the field, based on the results of preliminary observations in the SMP Negeri 2 Airmadidi school environment, some students do not master and have good physical condition components. The level of physical fitness of the students is not yet known. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an internal survey through the implementation of tests and measurements carried out correctly and thoroughly. Lack of attention and coaching to the physical fitness level of students. Students have not shown a good level of physical fitness, these symptoms are shown when teaching and learning activities take place students quickly experience fatigue, lack of concentration, lack of passion and enthusiasm and motivation in participating in the teaching and learning process. The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The final results in the form of physical fitness categories are obtained based on a combination of 5 (five) test items as listed in Table 4.13, where it can be seen that most of the physical fitness of male students is in the Moderate category or around 87.50% while the physical fitness of female students is in the less category or around 95%.