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The statements of Jesus on the cross represent a deeply theological aspect that must continue to be studied, understood, and applied in today’s Christian ministry. Christian ministry must not ignore the meaning of Jesus’ holy suffering as an expression of His sacrifice to redeem sinful humanity. Unfortunately, there are still some who question the authenticity of this suffering, even believing that the one who was crucified was not Jesus, but one of His disciples or another person. This perspective stands in opposition to the core teachings of the Christian faith.This study aims to narrate the peak quality of Jesus’ holy suffering through His seven last sayings on the cross. The research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach and grammatical analysis of biblical texts. Data were collected from theological literature and analyzed in light of biblical implications concerning the idea of Jesus’ suffering.The findings show that each statement of Jesus on the cross holds profound theological meaning and reflects God’s eternal plan for the redemption of human sin. A grammatical analysis of these texts strengthens the understanding that Jesus’ suffering is not only a historical event but also bears a deep spiritual significance essential for human salvation. Therefore, the teaching of Jesus’ words on the cross must become an integral part of church ministry today to strengthen the faith of believers in the truth of the Gospel.

This study examines the character of Bahar in the novel "Janji" by Tere Liye, focusing on the themes of sacrifice and regret. The background of this research stems from the significance of literature in reflecting human life conflicts. The problem statement raised is how Bahar's character illustrates sacrifice and regret within his social context. The method employed is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through reading and literature review. The findings indicate that Bahar makes significant sacrifices by replacing Mas Puji's position who is detained, while also confronting the stigma of being an ex-convict. Despite experiencing regret, social support and love from Delima help him overcome feelings of inferiority and achieve intimacy. This research recommends that literary works like "Janji" can serve as a medium to understand individual psychological dynamics in a social context and as educational materials in literature studies to explore humanitarian values.

Lutung Kasarung is a folk tale from West Java that can be famous among the public. This story tells about a handsome prince named Sanghyang Guruminda who was punished by being thrown to earth for making a mistake in the form of a lutung. Sanghyang Guruminda got lost in a forest so he was named Lutung Kasarung. In Sundanese Lutung Kasarung means lost Lutung. The popularity of Lutung Kasarung makes the other two characters, namely Purbasari and Purbararang, look like side characters, in fact, these siblings characters play an important role in the development of the storyline. This research aims to analyze the intrinsic elements contained in the Lutung Kasarung folklore. The formulation of this story problem includes: How is the journey of lutung kasarung to return to its original form? How is the plot of the lutung kasarung folk story? What mandate can be taken from the folk tale of lutung kasarung?. The research methods used are qualitative methods and Library Studies. Data sources are collected through literature studies that use various literature sources, including articles, journals, and websites that discuss Lutung Kasarung folklore. The analysis used is literary theory according to Meyer Howard Abrams, which is objective theory. An objective approach looks at the work of an autonomous object. It means, literary works can stand alone without involving things that are outside the work such as politics, economy, and others. Therefore, the focus of the objective approach is the work itself. The research results in this story show loyalty and sacrifice in the character of Lutung Kasarung, the characters in this story describe honor and strong inner strength with the outside world. The recommendation from this research is the need for further study development because it is still less related to the symbolism in this folklore, as well as efforts to preserve in folklore as part of cultural identity that can educate the younger generation to still preserve the noble values of our ancestors.

Aroma Karsa is a novel with a complex storyline, which combines various characters who play the role of heroes and villains, one of which is the character Raras Prayagung who has an obsession with a plant called Puspa Karsa. What is unique about the character of Raras Prayagung is his portrayal as a dark and gray figure. The purpose of this research will focus on the representation of the character of Raras Prayagung, then the role, function and contribution of Raras Prayagung in the plot of the story and identify the values and messages that can be learned through the character of Raras Prayagung in the novel Aroma Karsa.  The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative because the data used in this research comes from words, sentences, or quotes found in the novel Aroma Karsa. The result of the research found is that Raras Prayagung is a character who has a complex characterization because it represents various things, including ambition, determination, sacrifice, and moral complexity.

This article explores the relationship between nationalism and Christian faith from a biblical perspective. Nationalism is often defined as loyalty to nation and state, while Christian faith centres on loyalty to God and His kingdom. In the Indonesian context, churches participated in the nationalism movement from the colonialism era until independence. Based on theological studies, the Bible provides insight that believers' primary loyalty should be to God, although they are also expected to be good citizens. This article uses a literature study method with a qualitative approach to analyse relevant biblical texts as well as related theological literature. The concept of nation in the Bible is examined from the perspective of the Old Testament, which focuses on the ethnic identity of the nation of Israel, to the New Testament, which expands the nation's identity into an inclusive community of faith. The article also highlights the ethical implications of nationalism for Christians, who should reflect the values of justice, love and sacrifice, and avoid exclusionary and xenophobic attitudes.

The purpose of writing this article is to find out that Dalihan Natolu in Batak customs, especially us as Toba Batak people and we can understand that this theology is also connected to the concept of Dalihan Natolu as a symbol of unity in Toba Batak tribal customs and we also as Indonesian people are a reflection of traditions and culture that have been known throughout the world since the time of our ancestors. However, with the entry and domination of Western religions in Indonesia, traditional and cultural values ​​began to experience a process of desacralization and were even marginalized. As a result, the identity of the Indonesian people seems to be lost in expressing their beliefs. To face this challenge, a new theological model is needed that is rooted in what exists in Indonesia, in this case the concept of Dalihan Na Tolu, namely the customs of the Batak tribe. And dalihan na tolu is a kinship system that brings society to an egalitarian status in love and sacrifice.

This article discusses Jesus Christ's sacrifice on the cross as evidence of human atonement and its relevance to believers today. From the perspective of Christian faith, this event is considered a central point in the history of salvation, demonstrating divine grace and justice. Through a search of the meaning of Christ's sacrifice, this article provides a broad understanding of the meaning of Christ's suffering for man's atonement and explains how Christ's sacrifice is concrete evidence of unconditional love and the divine will to blot out human sin. Through the analysis of the meaning of redemption worked out by Jesus Christ, which will expand the theoretical basis of the purpose of Jesus' sacrifice on the cross. This article also provides a theory of the importance of understanding Christ's sacrifice on the cross, thus becoming a reference for believers in terms of faith and belief that through Christ's sacrifice brings redemption to believers. Meanwhile, the relevance of Christ's sacrifice on the cross will also affect several aspects of the believer's life, namely in terms of faith, confession, and holy living. In writing this article, a qualitative approach method is used with a literature study method. The search for the meaning of Christ's sacrifice can be studied from several perspectives, namely the theological perspective, the moral perspective and the psychologist's perspective. From a theological perspective, Christ's sacrifice is a form of God's love for man, so He sent His Son, Jesus Christ, as a sacrifice to redeem believers. So that the work of salvation done by Jesus Christ leads to a victory for believers because they have been redeemed and freed from the power of death, and also becomes a means of improving the relationship between man and God. From a moral perspective, it can be understood that Christ's sacrifice on the cross is an example of sacrifice and an example of love for believers. Thus, this article contributes to the understanding of Christ's sacrifice on the cross as a form of human atonement, and enriches the spiritual life of believers and strengthens faith, motivates spiritual life, and clarifies the moral principles underlying the Christian life.

Love is a central theme in the Christian faith, as stated in 1 John 4:7-12. This letter confirms that love comes from God, and love is the essence of God's existence and character. This article examines in depth the concept of divine love (agape) in 1 John, which is demonstrated through the sending of Jesus Christ as an atoning sacrifice for human sins. Using a hermeneutic approach and textual analysis, this article explores how God's love enables believers to reflect the character of Christ in everyday life. Through true love, believers are called to live in harmony with others as proof of their knowledge of God. Love in this context is not only a moral act, but a spiritual transformation that signifies spiritual maturity and a life in line with God's will.

This research aims to study the story of Elisha in 1 Kings 19:19-21, which describes God's call to Elisha to replace Elijah as a prophet. Elisha's action of burning his plow and slaughtering his oxen is understood to be a symbol of total sacrifice & commitment to leave his old life behind in order to follow God's call. This research uses a literature study method using Qualitative approach, analyzing biblical texts and related literature about the prophetic call & sacrifice in the Bible. The results of the analysis reveal that Elisha's actions reflect full commitment to God's call, which involves sacrifice not only materially as well as spiritually. Apart from that, Elisa's request to say goodbye to other people indicates the importance of balance between spiritual calling & human interaction. This research concludes that God's calling requires total sacrifice & commitment, but always pays attention to obligations towards family & society. It is hoped that the research output This can enable Christians to understand how to carry out God's call with full responsibility.

Every human being will experience death, and will leave his property to his heirs. Indonesia adheres to three inheritance law systems, namely Islamic inheritance law, customary inheritance law, and western inheritance law (Burgerlijk Watboek). Customary inheritance law is a hereditary belief that regulates the distribution of wealth, both material and immaterial, to heirs. Toraja society adheres to a patrilineal system in its customary inheritance law, where inheritance rights are inherited through the male lineage. The Toraja traditional inheritance system has two main concepts, namely pa'tallang and pa'rinding. Pa'tallang Refers to the process of dividing inherited assets based on sacrifices made by the heirs during the testator's lifetime. The greater the sacrifice made, the greater the inheritance rights obtained. Meanwhile, pa'rinding is related to animal sacrifice during death ceremonies, which is also a determining factor in the distribution of inheritance. The results of the research show that adopted children who are recognized by custom can receive almost the same inheritance as their biological children, especially if the deceased person does not have biological children. In addition, biological children who do not participate in this ceremony may face serious consequences in terms of their inheritance rights, which can lead to reduced rights or even loss of inheritance rights altogether.  

This article explains the interpretation of the Qur'anic verses about the hijrah, by explaining the hijrah, the various types of hijrah, verses that discuss the hijrah, and the interpretation of the Qur'anic verses about the hijrah. Hijrah is an important theme in the Qur'an which is related to physical, spiritual and social movement from one situation to a better one in order to get closer to Allah. In the context of Islamic history, hijrah refers to the movement of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and his companions from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution and achieve religious freedom. Interpretation of hijrah verses, as in QS. Al-Baqarah: 218, QS. An-Nisa: 100, and QS. At-Taubah: 20, emphasizes the importance of steadfast faith, sacrifice and struggle in achieving Allah's approval. Hijrah is seen as a form of obedience that is highly valued by Allah, with a guarantee of great rewards for those who do it with sincere intentions. The interpretation of these verses also contains a spiritual dimension, where hijrah is defined as moving from a state of sin to the path of obedience. Thus, hijrah is not only limited to the physical aspect, but also includes changes in mental and moral attitudes to improve the quality of faith and piety.This abstract explains the concept of hijrah in the Al-Qur'an and its interpretation, covering historical, spiritual and social aspects in the life of a Muslim.    

Leadership in Islam is based on the principle of monotheism, namely the belief that humans only submit to the leadership of Allah SWT. Leadership characteristics in Islam have their own characteristics because they carry out a big mission in conveying Islamic teachings. The Qur'an comprehensively regulates various aspects of life, including the concept of an ideal leader, which aims to create peace and prosperity in society. Islam sees humans as caliphs on earth, in accordance with the provisions of the Koran. This article aims to explore the verses of the Qur'an that discuss leadership, as well as formulate the goals and characteristics that an ideal leader must have from the perspective of the Qur'an. Some of the characteristics of an ideal leader identified by the author include: First, Al-Ilm (knowledgeable), and second, Mujahid (warrior). who always fights. Third, Mutay (someone who always makes sacrifices). Fourth, a caliph has potential, and is actually able to distance himself from desires in carrying out his leadership. Fifth, Mutajarrid (someone who has full and total commitment).    

In the architecture design and 3D visualization industry, rendering speed and quality are crucial factors in enhancing productivity. This study aims to compare the performance of GPU and CPU-based rendering software, focusing on three main aspects: render time, visual quality, and resource efficiency. The experiment was conducted using two leading rendering software, Corona (CPU) and Lumion GPU, with identical design objects. The results show that GPU rendering excels in render speed, although it slightly sacrifices quality detail compared to CPU rendering. Additionally, GPU is more efficient in resource usage, with lower energy consumption during longer rendering processes. Based on these findings, it is recommended that design and architecture professionals choose GPU rendering for projects that prioritize speed and time efficiency, while CPU rendering is more suitable for tasks that require higher quality and more complex details. This study provides valuable insights for the creative industry in selecting the most appropriate rendering technology to enhance their design productivity.  

The Hajj and Umrah are spiritual rituals that have a special place in Islam, with essential differences in terms of the time of implementation. Hajj, as one of the pillars of Islam, is obligatory for every Muslim who is physically and financially able to perform it at least once in a lifetime. Umrah, although sunnah, also has great virtue in getting closer to Allah SWT. This study aims to analyze both forms of worship from the perspective of history, fiqh (Islamic law), and their social and spiritual influences on Muslim individuals and communities, providing a comprehensive understanding of the procedures, laws, and wisdom of implementing the Hajj and Umrah, as well as to examine the impact of implementing the Hajj and Umrah in everyday life, both from the perspective of individual spirituality and from the social side of Muslims. The method used in this study is qualitative research with a descriptive analysis approach. Data obtained from reference books, academic journals, and articles. The analysis was carried out with a descriptive and araitis approach explaining the theological perspective of Islamic law and the social and spiritual impacts of worship. The results of this study indicate that Hajj and Umrah have a significant impact on building deep spiritual awareness among Muslims. Ritually, the procedures for carrying out these two worships illustrate the values of monotheism, equality, and sacrifice. From an Islamic legal perspective, the difference between the obligation of Hajj and the sunnah of Umrah provides flexibility for Muslims to get closer to Allah SWT whenever they are able. From a social perspective, the implementation of this worship is a means of strengthening the unity of Muslims from all over the world.

Human being having a conscience and freedom to determine what is good and performing actions according to God's will. In today's era, phenomena show that human being sometimes ignores the Divine law and do not listen to their conscience. These acts of infidelity  drive a human being to fall into sin and live contradict according to God's will. However, God through the Holy Church always gives the human being the opportunity to revert to God. The Church provides the special opportunity to repent, explicitly through the Sacrament of Reconciliation . It was emphasized by St. John XXIII in the Encyclical Paenitentiam Agere. The method used is a literature study, especially studying the Encyclical Paenitentiam Agere. The results of the study show that the spirit of repentance as proclaimed in the Encyclical Paenitentiam Agere says that only through repentance the Christians will nurture in the perfection of life. The repentance according to St. John XXIII is a repentance of the body and soul. The conclusion of this study confirms that inner repentance is a repentance carried out by Christians through a good confession of sins and taking part in the Eucharistic sacrifice and receiving holy communion. Inner repentance is realized in everyday life through daily actions called external repentance. By doing external and internal repentance, the Christians will obtain true happiness and salvation from God.

This research is motivated by the problems of life in modern society which increasingly tends to be individualistic and fragmented, for this reason, shared values ​​are becoming increasingly important to maintain. The aim of this research is to build unity between people who have different backgrounds, both in terms of social, economic and cultural aspects. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, and the qualitative method was chosen because it allows researchers to understand social phenomena in more depth, with a focus on interactions between individuals, groups and communities in the context of sacrificial sacrifice. The research concludes that the results of this article are that the sacrificial service, with all the social processes that accompany it, has a very large role in building and strengthening shared values ​​in society, creating a more inclusive environment, and strengthening social relations between individuals with different backgrounds.

Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta (Unjaya) has values ​​internalized to the entire academic community through various programs. These are the Struggle Values ​​of General Achmad Yani (NKJA). Therefore, this study aims to identify NKJA which consists of Nationalist, Patriotic, and Heroic Dimensions in Unjaya students. The Nationalist Dimension consists of the values ​​of tolerance, adaptive, good character, and love for the country. The Patriotic Dimension consists ​​of being willing to sacrifice, obeying the rules, and being brave. While the Heroic Dimension consists of the values ​​of role models, responsibility, and achievement. The subjects in this study were 240 Unjaya students, consisting of 38 male students (15.8%) and 202 female students (84.2%). The results showed that Unjaya students had Nationalist (74%), Patriotic (72%), and Heroic (67%) levels included in the Moderate category (71%).

This study aims to describe the character Laut in the novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori and to convey the moral messages derived from Laut’s personality in the novel. This research employs a descriptive-analytic method with a literature study approach. The object of the research is the character Laut in the novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori. The analysis reveals that Laut’s personality symbolizes the spirit of sacrifice and resistance to defend truth, courage, justice, and humanity. Laut’s personality convey profound messages and meanings about life, emphasizing that in navigating life, one should not prioritize ur uphold fear when moving forward, as long as truth remains the core principle to be fought for. This study potential to serve as a reference for future research.

The poem Sajak Tafsir by Sapardi Djoko Damono is a literary work that uses simple language but is full of meaning. In this study, the author adopts an objective approach to explore the meaning of the poem. Objectively, the approach analyzed views literary works as objects that stand alone, without involving other elements outside them. This poem reflects an emotional journey filled with natural symbolism, such as the last leaf, wind, fire, and ash, to depict fear, fragility, and the sacrifice of love. Sapardi is famous for his invitation to interpret his poetry freely, therefore this analysis explores the meaning of the poetry as reflected in the natural metaphors and symbolism used.

This paper describes the dynamics of legal politics in the regulation of Simultaneous Regional Elections in Indonesia with a focus on the effectiveness of implementation and its impact on local democracy. Simultaneous Regional Elections, which began in 2015, are the government's efforts to improve the efficiency of regional head elections while strengthening the democratic system. However, its implementation faces various challenges, such as regulatory complexity, potential political conflict, and impacts on the quality of representation at the local level. This study uses a juridical-normative approach with a qualitative analysis method to evaluate the laws and regulations governing Simultaneous Regional Elections, including Law Number 10 of 2016 and its implementing policies. Data were obtained through literature studies, legal documents, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The results of the study show that, although Simultaneous Regional Elections bring benefits in the form of budget efficiency and strengthening political stability, this policy also poses a number of challenges. Among them are the gap in local government capacity, strengthening political oligarchy, and decreasing the quality of community participation at the local level. In addition, the implementation of Simultaneous Regional Elections tends to sacrifice regional autonomy in the context of local democracy, given the homogenization of election times that do not always match regional needs. This study recommends the need for a revision of regulations that are more adaptive to local needs, increasing public political education, and strengthening the capacity of election organizers to ensure that Simultaneous Regional Elections can run effectively without sacrificing the principles of local democracy.