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Bio-inspired engineering is a rapidly growing field that applies principles found in nature to develop innovative solutions in structural engineering, materials science, and robotics. This paper explores biomimicry in various disciplines, such as self-cleaning surfaces inspired by lotus leaves, energy-efficient building designs modeled after termite mounds, and ultra-lightweight yet durable materials inspired by spider silk. The study highlights the role of computational modeling in replicating biological structures and discusses the challenges of translating natural efficiencies into engineered systems. Additionally, this research examines the environmental impact of bio-inspired materials and their potential to replace conventional, resource-intensive materials in industries such as construction, aerospace, and biomedical engineering.

In the online buying and selling process, the seller becomes the name of the store and the buyer does not know the identity of the seller such as name, address, and even age. Buyers will only know from the name of the store selling the item. The concept of online buying and selling is that you only have information about the name and address of the store, but do not know who the owner of the store is. In the buying and selling process, the buyer chooses the product available in the store and if there are any questions about the product, they can ask the seller via chat. The seller then uses a robotic or human system to answer the buyer's questions. The second pillar and condition is ma'qud 'alaih or a medium of exchange and goods sold. The medium of exchange used in the buying and selling process, both online and offline, still uses the same tool, namely money. The purchase or payment process for online buying and selling can be done through bank transfer through the payment code number that has been ordered. The majority of online stores also offer a wider selection of different types of goods.

In this study, the implementation and simulation of a servo SG90 drive system based on Arduino Uno with dynamic angle control were carried out. The SG90 servo motor is widely used in various applications such as robotics and automation due to its ease of control and small size. The objective of this research is to develop a control system capable of adjusting the servo angle dynamically using Arduino Uno. The simulation method involves hardware and software simulations combined with servo control code based on PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signals. The results show that the system is capable of accurately controlling the servo angle through a potentiometer as a dynamic input, along with simulation visualization in a software environment.

This research focuses on designing and simulating a makeup robot control system with a Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) approach. The main goal is to develop a robot that is not only efficient in applying makeup, but also able to interact directly with users. The design of this robot is designed with attention to anthropomorphism and non-verbal interaction, in order to improve user comfort and experience during the use process. This control system leverages cutting-edge sensor technology, such as facial recognition and expression analysis, to detect user emotions and adjust the robot's response in real-time. The simulation process is carried out using the Robot Operating System (ROS) to develop an algorithm that supports task coordination between robots and humans as well as interactive feedback. The results of the simulation show that the robot is able to recognize the user's emotions and adjust their actions, thus creating a more intuitive and responsive interaction experience. This research has made a significant contribution to the development of robotics technology in the field of beauty, thereby improving the user experience in personal care. The findings also pave the way for further research into more complex human-robot interactions that are responsive to individual needs.

Nowadays, robots in the modern world are playing an important and increasingly popular role. MRA (Mobile Robotic Assistant) is a type of mobile robot designed to support humans in many different fields, helping to improve efficiency and safety in daily activities, work, or medical treatment. The number of MRAs is increasing and diverse in function, in addition to the ability to collect and process data, MRAs also have the ability to physically interact with users. Therefore, security is one of the important issues to improve the safety and effective operation of MRA. In this paper, through a comprehensive literature review and detailed analysis of the prominent MRA security attacks in recent years (based on criteria such as: attack targets, technologies used, impact level, feasibility, and contribution to addressing overall MRA security issues), a systematic classification by MRA activity fields is conducted. Security attacks, threats, and vulnerabilities are examined from various perspectives, such as hardware attacks or network/system-level attacks, operating systems/application software. Additionally, corresponding security solutions are proposed, compared, and evaluated to enhance MRA security. The paper also addresses challenges and suggests open research directions for the future.

This study aims to redesign the superstructure of the Sambungrejo Bridge in Sidoarjo, which has a span length of 16 meters. The Sambungrejo Bridge originally used WF 700.300.15.28 steel girders and C 300.100.10.16.8 diaphragms,that are susceptible to corrosion, especially during floods. The redesign involves replacing the steel girder with a Prestressed Concrete I Girder (PCI Girder) H-900mm, 170mm thick, produced by WIKA Beton, known for its superior corrosion resistance and construction efficiency. The research methodology includes structural analysis using Robot Structural Analysis Professional (RSAP) software, calculation of prestressing forces, and the design of the prestressing cable layout. The results of this study demonstrate that the use of PCI Girder does not reduce the structural dimensions of the bridge but also proves to be more compatible with the flood water conditions at the site. The total cost required for implementing the new bridge superstructure design is Rp. 4.372.201.

Emerging technologies are transforming warehouse operations, and this study investigated the effectiveness of implementing the Internet of Things (IoT), Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Robotics into warehouse operations. A descriptive correlational research design was employed, utilizing surveys to gather data from warehouse personnel and focusing on key performance indicators such as inventory accuracy, order fulfillment efficiency, cost reduction, and timely delivery satisfaction. The findings revealed a high level of familiarity with RFID and IoT among warehouse personnel, and a strong belief in the positive impact of these technologies on warehouse operations. However, challenges such as implementation costs, technical issues, and regulatory compliance were identified. Surprisingly, the analysis did not reveal a significant relationship between the implementation of these technologies and their overall effectiveness on warehouse operations. Future research should consider qualitative methodologies and larger sample sizes to explore other factors influencing warehouse performance.

The adoption of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has emerged as a crucial strategy for medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to streamline back-office operations, enhance productivity, and reduce operational costs. RPA involves the use of software robots to automate repetitive, rule-based administrative tasks, allowing employees to focus on more complex, value-added activities. This study explores the implementation of RPA in medium enterprises, focusing on its impact on cost efficiency, administrative workload reduction, and operational performance. The research uses a case study approach, analyzing medium enterprises that have adopted RPA to assess the effectiveness of automation in improving business processes. Data collection methods include interviews, surveys, and company reports to evaluate how RPA affects workload, accuracy, and cost savings. The findings indicate that RPA significantly reduces manual administrative tasks, leading to faster processing times, lower error rates, and substantial cost savings. Employees in enterprises that adopted RPA reported increased job satisfaction due to the reduction of monotonous tasks and the opportunity to engage in more strategic work. However, challenges such as employee resistance, data security concerns, and system integration complexities were also identified. The study compares RPA’s impact with traditional manual processes, highlighting improvements in speed, accuracy, and overall cost efficiency. Additionally, the study compares RPA adoption across industries such as manufacturing, retail, and service, revealing sector-specific challenges and successes. The paper concludes by emphasizing the practical implications for SMEs, suggesting that RPA can optimize business operations and urging further research on its long-term effects on employee roles and organizational culture.

In today's digital era, operating systems play a crucial role in various technological devices. This paper discusses the optimization and modification of Debian, one of the most stable Linux distributions, to enhance its performance as a real-time operating system (RTOS). The primary objectives of this research are to improve the responsiveness, reliability, and stability of Debian in handling real-time tasks. The study involves modifying the kernel, adjusting scheduling settings, optimizing memory management, and integrating specific real-time software. The results of the tests show that the modified Debian provides lower and more stable task execution latency compared to the standard Debian. Tests were conducted using the cyclictest software to measure system latency and Htop to monitor CPU and memory performance. Additionally, the use of the VLC application as a real-world workload demonstrated that the optimized operating system could handle task priorities more efficiently, allocate resources as needed for real-time demands, and maintain stability under heavy workloads. This research significantly contributes to the development of Debian-based RTOS, which can be applied in fields such as industrial automation, robotics, and IoT devices. The optimizations ensure that the operating system can meet the high-performance and real-time reliability demands of these critical applications.    

Pengukuran jarak yang akurat merupakan komponen kunci dalam berbagai aplikasi teknologi termasuk robotika, sistem keselamatan, dan kontrol industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keakuratan pengukuran jarak benda menggunakan sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 yang dikendalikan oleh mikrokontroler NodeMCU ESP8266. NodeMCU ESP8266 dipilih karena integrasi Wi-Fi yang memungkinkan data dikirim secara nirkabel ke server untuk analisis lebih lanjut. Metode penelitian ini meliputi pengujian sensor ultrasonik pada berbagai jarak dan kondisi lingkungan untuk mengetahui keakuratan dan konsistensi hasil pengukuran. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa akurasi sensor ultrasonik menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya jarak pengukuran. Selain itu, kondisi lingkungan seperti suhu, kelembaban, dan permukaan benda juga mempengaruhi keakuratan pengukuran. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kalibrasi tambahan untuk memastikan ketepatan pengukuran dalam kondisi lingkungan yang bervariasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sensor ultrasonik berbasis NodeMCU 8266 dapat digunakan sebagai solusi yang efektif untuk aplikasi pengukuran jarak, namun kalibrasi dan penyesuaian diperlukan untuk menjamin keakuratan data pada berbagai kondisi. Hasil ini memberikan kontribusi penting terhadap pengembangan sistem otomasi yang lebih cerdas dan responsif.

This study explains the using innovative technologies in the process of teaching maritime English. English is always important in Maritime, especially in using innovative technologies such as: robotic technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), networked sensors, advanced monitoring system, and blockchain technology. In teaching Maritime English, the maritime sector needs English as a language in communication medium to promote understanding between the teachers and students. The Maritime Communication Program helps maritime industry professionals to communicate better in English and across cultures. Through a research approach qualitative descriptive, to get the innovative technologies in teaching Maritime English. By using the theory of Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW). The results in this study are developed business English course for the shipping industry and other maritime sectors, help professionals with different nationalities and cultural backgrounds communicate effectively and with ease. This is imminent for safety reasons, but it also supports companies that employ people from all over the world maintain main quality standards in a very dynamic and competitive environment.

Industrial revolution 4.0 is a continuation of the industrial development process that is taking place. Progress in this era is marked by the integration of Cyber ​​Physical Systems (CFS), industrial wireless networks, and other supporting technologies. Utilization of artificial intelligence, robotics and the Internet of Things (IoT) to create interconnected intelligent systems. With the existence of intelligent systems and smart machines that are connected to each other, automation, blood exchange in the production process, combining physical connection networks with cloud computing through increasingly sophisticated internet connectivity has implications for people's daily lives. Advances in information technology have brought many changes to society's daily life. The use of information technology has become a digital culture in today's society. The aim of this research is to answer the research question, namely to find out the application of digital culture in several fields including organizations, the social sector and the educational sector. And how to implement digital culture in this field, whether using applications, social media and information technology devices. This research method uses a Systematic Literature Review, by looking for journal articles and proceedings published between 2020 and 2024. The mapping results show that digital culture is widely applied in the organizational, social and educational fields by implementing applications, social media and technological devices. information.  

This journal is based on For many years, the manufacturing industry has been one of the industries that contributes to the value of the Indonesian economy, with a stable growth rate. In fact, according to a 2017 World Bank report, Indonesia was able to rank highest in ASEAN for the contribution of the manufacturing sector to the world economy with a contribution of 20.5%, The method used in this writing uses a causality quantitative research method, especially using literature materials as a source of research data or also called (Library research).the results of this study conclude that digital transformation has become a necessity for manufacturing to be able to compete in the digital era. By adopting technologies such as IoT, robotics, analytics, and cloud computing, manufacturers can improve the efficiency, productivity, and quality of their products.

Right now, the advancement of data innovation makes different exercises simpler. Huge changes in conditions give advantages to business activities and draw in interest in different applications. The online business industry is viewed as extremely accommodating to the economy, particularly the local economy, in light of the fact that with the advancement of the computerized business market, many open positions have arisen to help advertising exercises through internet business. This exploration means to decrease human mistake in overseeing deals information via robotizing the business recording and detailing process. The examination technique utilized is a subjective strategy with writing studies or writing concentrates on in light of investigations of diaries, articles and others to look at the job of The executives Data Frameworks. This examination is likewise upheld by a phenomenological approach, which inspects issues in light of realities that have happened. Aside from that, the creator likewise utilized library exploration to gather information. A significant errand of The executives Data Frameworks in business is to expand the proficiency and viability of information precisely and progressively, as well as working on the nature of HR through a planned and orderly work framework. Aside from that, the Administration Data Framework additionally makes it more straightforward for the board to design, oversee, direct and appoint work to every single related division, and gives guidance in navigation.

Technological advancements have significantly contributed to the robotics industry, yet mobility remains a challenge that can be addressed with mobile robots. In education, it is crucial to understand the basic principles of robotics and the use of related software and hardware. This research focuses on using a 4WD mobile robot as a learning tool. This robot offers flexibility and is easily controlled via a smartphone with built-in sensors. A smartphone application was developed using App Inventor, an open-source web-based development platform. The HC-05 Bluetooth module was used to connect the smartphone application with the 4WD robot. The goal of this research is to design innovative learning media to aid in understanding the concepts and control of the 4WD robot, as well as to increase students' interest and motivation in learning robotic systems. The results of the research demonstrated success in creating a 4WD robot prototype controllable via an Android smartphone. The distance between the Arduino and smartphone did not significantly affect the robot's movement, although communication was disrupted if the distance exceeded 10 meters. Directional control was achieved through the rotation of the right and left wheels, and sufficient power supply was needed to drive all wheels. Programming with C/C++ and Bluetooth communication functioned as planned. This innovative learning media is expected to help students understand and operate the 4WD mobile robot more effectively

Innovation in robotics and the Internet of Things is a technological trend that continues to be developed, including in transportation innovations, such as a car. What is developed in this research is the development of the application of robots and the Internet of Things (IoT) in a mini car prototype design which can be remotely controlled as well. This prototype design uses the engineering design process method which integrates all supporting devices in the form of NodeMCU with ESP8266 base as a control center that allows communication between various sensors and actuators with the internet, TT Motor Gear as an actuator and L298n as an output translator. This mini smart car is controlled using Blynk as an internet-connected controller and for remote control of car movement using a smartphone. The results of this study are the average remote control capability has a car movement delay of 0.87 seconds and 100% of cars move in all directions. The better the internet connection, the more stable the movement of the car to be driven remotely. 

Background: The rapid growth of warehouse automation and autonomous mobile robots has increased the need for adaptive navigation systems capable of operating safely and efficiently in dynamic industrial environments. Classical path planning algorithms such as A* and RRT perform well in structured settings but exhibit limitations when handling moving obstacles and environmental uncertainty. Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate a reinforcement learning based navigation framework integrated with sensor fusion to improve path efficiency, collision avoidance, and robustness in dynamic warehouse scenarios. Method: An experimental research design was implemented combining high-fidelity simulation and real-world warehouse prototype testing. Deep Q-Network and Proximal Policy Optimization models were developed and trained using multi-sensor inputs from LiDAR, camera, and inertial measurement units. Performance was evaluated using path efficiency, collision rate, computational cost, and robustness metrics, with benchmarking against classical algorithms. Results: The results demonstrate that the Proximal Policy Optimization model achieved the highest path efficiency and lowest collision rate while maintaining stable computational performance under dynamic conditions. Reinforcement learning models significantly outperformed classical planners in adaptability and robustness, confirming their suitability for scalable industrial warehouse automation.

Land grabbing is a form of unlawful act, namely an act of abuse of authority over land ownership rights. Acts of encroachment can take the form of occupying land, installing fences, or eviction of land owners and so on. The act of illegally grabbing land is an unlawful act, which can be classified as a criminal act as stated in the provisions of the Criminal Code. The problem approach used in this writing is the normative juridical method. Primary data collection techniques are obtained by conducting searches, inventories and reviewing regulations using literature studies including statutory regulations, books and articles in journals and scientific works. Deductive analysis techniques are used to analyze data with a starting point or based on general rules, then a specific conclusion is drawn. The mechanism for resolving land grabbing cases that occur in the community can be carried out through deliberation or mediation, litigation, non-litigation, through the role of law enforcement officials, resolution through arbitration institutions. As for the role of the prosecutor's office in implementing court decisions in cases of land grabbing, the main role of the prosecutor's office in this context is as the implementer of court decisions that have permanent legal force. The prosecutor's office is responsible for ensuring that the implementation of these decisions is carried out. The government's suggestion is to provide information to the public by means of outreach, appeals and information, especially about land ownership and the prosecutor's office as the implementer of court decisions can provide protection to people who have land rights.

The integration of vocational education curriculum with industry needs is a crucial step in preparing graduates to face the evolving dynamics of the job market. Literature review highlights the importance of curriculum relevance to industry needs, encompassing contemporary skills such as artificial intelligence and robotics, in enhancing graduates' readiness to contribute to economic development. Collaboration between vocational education institutions and industries plays a key role in ensuring curriculum relevance. However, challenges such as inflexibility in the curriculum and resistance to change remain issues to be addressed. Ongoing evaluation is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the curriculum in preparing graduates. Measures such as increased collaboration with industries, enhanced curriculum flexibility, and investment in vocational education infrastructure are key to improving curriculum integration. Thus, vocational education is expected to continue playing a crucial role in supporting sustainable economic growth.

The primary problem for multi-robot displacement and motion phase solving requires that the robots prevent themselves from colliding with each other as well as stationary obstacles. In certain situations, robot conflict is unavoidable if one robot views its neighbors as immovable obstacles. Hence, this paper proposes a new NURBs (Non-Uniform Rational B-spline) based algorithm for multi-robot path planning in a crowded environment. First, the proposed technique finds each robot's free, smooth, optimal path while avoiding collision with the existing obstacles. Secondly, the prospect of possible collision between the preplanned trajectories will be computed to allow the robots to navigate in the same workspace and coordinate between them. Then, each robot's time to arrive at potential collision sites is computed based on its speed. As a result, the robots involved in the collision must choose whether to use the robot priority technique to prevent the collision. Simulation results under different scenarios and comparisons with previous works are provided to validate the work. The obtained results prove that the proposed approach is accurate (as the robot's instantaneous speed is taken into consideration), fast (as there is no need to broadcast the robots’ positions), the robots’ paths are optimal and smooth (to avoid jerk movements), and the approach ensures that the robots will not be trapped by local minima problem.