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This study explores the revitalization of the Sundanese Pegon script through a community-based training program at Al-Huda Islamic Boarding School, Bandung. Conducted by the Community Service Team of Telkom University in June 2025, the program aimed to preserve traditional Islamic literacy by reintroducing the Pegon script to students (santri). Utilizing a qualitative-descriptive method through observation, interviews, and document analysis, the research reveals that the training successfully enhanced both the students' awareness and technical proficiency in reading and writing Pegon. Interview results with the Chairman of the Al-Huda Foundation, Roni Syahroni, emphasize that this effort is not merely an academic achievement but a vital step in reviving the historical soul of the pesantren. The findings demonstrate strong community support for preserving local cultural literacy. The study concludes that the community-based education model is highly effective and viable as a strategy to sustain the Islamic cultural heritage of Nusantara amidst modern challenges. Thus, Pegon literacy remains a spiritual and intellectual bridge for future generations.

Land acquisition for public purposes is intended to ensure land availability for development while safeguarding the rights of affected parties through fair and equitable compensation as regulated under Law Number 2 of 2012 and its implementing regulations. However, disputes over land ownership often prevent direct payment of compensation, thereby necessitating the use of a consignment mechanism through the court. This study examines the implementation of consignment for disputed land and analyzes the legal standing and fulfillment of rights of both the prevailing and losing parties in the land acquisition process for the development and revitalization of Balohan Port, Sabang. The research addresses the problem of how compensation is secured and distributed when ownership remains contested, and whether the mechanism ensures legal certainty and justice for all parties involved. Employing an empirical legal method with a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews and document analysis. The findings reveal that consignment functions as a legal instrument to safeguard and temporarily suspend compensation payment until a final judicial determination is reached. Supreme Court Decision Number 1675 K/Pdt/2021 affirms that the prevailing party is entitled to full land compensation as recognition of proprietary rights, while building compensation may be relinquished through a peace agreement and social compensation partially allocated. Conversely, the losing party forfeits land rights but retains full building compensation and partial social compensation based on the settlement deed. The study concludes that dispute resolution in land acquisition extends beyond final court judgments and requires non-litigation mechanisms to ensure proportional distribution of rights, thereby reinforcing legal certainty, preventing further disputes, and ensuring equitable protection in public interest development.

This research focuses on the strategic role of the people's market as a driver of the regional economy and a source of Regional Original Income (PAD), by taking a case study of the arrangement of the people's market by the Ciamis Regency MSME Office. Using a qualitative approach, data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the Regional Government of Ciamis Regency implements five main strategies in structuring the people's market, including optimizing development and revitalization with ease of access, market development based on potential and local characteristics, cooperation with investors, facilitation and guaranteeing the ease of capital lending through banking, and market promotion using digital technology. This strategy has a significant impact on the achievement of PAD. The achievement of PAD from the people's market sector of Ciamis Regency was recorded to exceed the target in the period of 2015 to 2017, reaching 113.4%, 128.0%, and 121.9%, respectively, although it decreased in 2018 to 87.2%. To optimize regional levy revenue, these findings conclude the need to improve and improve the regional levy management system to support the performance of the apparatus, the implementation of routine activities such as coordination between agencies and socialization to business actors, as well as increasing the discipline, dedication, and honesty of fiscal officials in carrying out their main duties and functions proportionately.

This research aimed to revitalize Mosau' Dance, a nearly extinct traditional dance from Bolaang Mongondow, through the creation of a new work entitled Sinungkudan Dance. Mosau' Dance is a celebratory dance of post-war warriors whose existence is currently fading in the Bolaang Mongondow region due to a lack of regeneration and the influence of modernization. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a focus on choreographic analysis. The revitalization process was carried out through four stages: exploration, reconstruction, reinterpretation, and reactualization. The results indicate that revitalization through the creation of Sinungkudan Dance successfully provided a "new breath" for the local tradition of Bolaang Mongondow. Choreographically. Sinungkudan Dance consisted of eight movement variations, combining three original Mosau' movement motifs (such as joyful leaps) with five newly created movements that depicted narratives of warrior life (Bogani), ranging from weapon sharpening and physical training to the atmosphere of warfare. The choreographic structure was supported by nine symbolic floor patterns, the use of the tungkudon (spear) as a prop, and digital musical accompaniment that blended traditional rhythms with modern instruments such as the flute and snare drum. In conclusion, through more visually and kinetically attractive innovations, the values of leadership and resilience embodied in Mosau' Dance were able to be transmitted to younger generations as a proud cultural identity for the people of Bolaang Mongondow.

This study aims to analyze the policy formulation process for the Pasar Besar revitalization program in Pasuruan City, focusing on the stages involved in policy formulation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with interviews with informants and documentation. The results of the study reveal that the Pasar Besar revitalization policy formulation process does not fully conform to the four ideal stages. Of the four stages that should be followed: problem formulation, agenda process, alternative formulation, and policy determination, only two stages were carried out by policy makers in policy formulation, namely problem definition and policy determination. The results of the study reveal that at the problem definition stage, the Department of Industry and Trade defines the main problem as damage and unsuitability of market facilities and infrastructure, which has reached 70 percent, thus not complying with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for traditional markets. At the policy-making stage, the program is established and implemented through the 2022 Regional Work Plan (RKPD) of the Department of Industry and Trade, with funding provided through financial assistance to the provincial government. Several issues related to the market revitalization program policy formulation process include: the need to expand policy alternatives into several alternative options, such as considering partial or total market revitalization, and the need for alternative marking, such as gradual revitalization or making small but consistent improvements.

Mawang Village occupies a strategic position as a buffer zone integrating the administrative center of Gowa Regency with other growth centers, featuring the ecological asset of Lake Mawang, which holds significant potential for ecotourism development. However, a discrepancy exists between spatial planning policies and the actual development of facilities and infrastructure on the ground. This study aims to identify the availability, accessibility, and physical feasibility of regional facilities and infrastructure as a fundamental database for area development. The method employed is descriptive-quantitative with a comparative analysis approach referring to the SNI 03-1733-2004 standards and spatial analysis. The findings indicate that religious and commercial/service facilities exhibit very high service levels with surplus conditions, while basic health facilities and early childhood education remain below minimum service standards. Spatially, the distribution of facilities tends to be concentrated along the main corridor, creating accessibility disparities for residents in inner residential areas. The collector road infrastructure is functionally adequate but lacks pedestrian facilities, while local roads suffer from pavement quality degradation. Furthermore, Lake Mawang, as a primary tourist attraction, still lacks basic supporting facilities. The implications of this research emphasize the need for equitable distribution of health facilities, revitalization of road quality, and the formulation of a comprehensive spatial detail plan for the lake area to achieve sustainable regional development based on local potential.

The decline in seed quality due to storage beyond the shelf life is a major problem in rice cultivation. One effort that can be made to improve seed viability is through invigoration techniques using natural ingredients, such as bean sprout extract (Phaseolus radiatus), which contains growth hormones. This study aims to analyze the effect of bean sprout extract on the viability of Ciherang rice seeds that have exceeded their shelf life and to determine the best treatment. The study was conducted from August to November 2024 at the Biology Laboratory of the UPTD Seed Center, Supervision and Certification of Agricultural Seeds of Gorontalo Province. The study used a two-factor Randomized Block Design (RBD) with bean sprout age (3, 5, and 7 days after sowing) and bean sprout extract concentration (20 g/L, 40 g/L, and 60 g/L) as factors, with four replications. The parameters observed included germination rate, maximum growth potential, and sprout length. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT post-hoc test at a 5% level. The results showed that bean sprout extract had a significant effect on all observed parameters. The treatment of 5-day-old bean sprouts with a concentration of 20 g/L gave the best results with a germination rate of 95.5%, maximum growth potential of 98.5%, and the highest sprout length. Sprout extract has the potential to be used as a natural alternative to improve the quality of rice seeds that have passed their storage period.

Modern retail expansion in Situbondo Regency has intensified competitive interaction with traditional markets, making it important to map differences in market structure, firm conduct, and performance outcomes. This study compares (i) market structure using concentration indicators (CR4 and the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index/HHI), (ii) competitive conduct (pricing practices, promotional intensity, service attributes, and relationship patterns), and (iii) performance proxies (sales turnover and selected price efficiency measures) within the SCP framework. The analysis applies a descriptive quantitative approach supported by targeted primary observations and questionnaire-based information, and complemented by official statistics and regulatory documents. Traditional-market samples include Panji, Besuki, and Panarukan markets, while modern-retail samples include local outlets of Indomaret, Alfamart, and Basmalah. Results indicate that traditional markets are relatively unconcentrated (CR4 = 38.0%; HHI = 744), consistent with a competitive structure dominated by many small vendors. Modern retail is more concentrated (CR4 = 77.0%; HHI = 1,644), suggesting moderate concentration and a tendency toward local oligopoly. Average monthly turnover per unit is higher for modern retail (IDR 36.36 million) than for traditional vendors (IDR 15.63 million). Price efficiency varies across commodities: some items show near parity, while several fresh commodities remain cheaper in traditional markets. Policy implications point to balanced local governance: zoning and permitting for modern stores, continuous revitalization of traditional markets, and strengthened MSME partnership schemes to ensure healthy and inclusive competition.

This study explores the major challenges faced by moral education in the modern era, particularly within Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, where rapid technological advancement, globalization, and shifting patterns of student interaction have significantly influenced the traditional process of moral development. The purpose of this research is to analyze teachers’ strategies in revitalizing moral education, identify the supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation, and evaluate its impact on students’ discipline. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with the school principal, Islamic ethics teachers, and students, as well as observations of daily moral habituation practices within the school environment. The findings indicate that effective revitalization of moral education occurs through an integration of teacher role modeling, consistent habituation of moral practices, and value internalization supported by interactive learning methods. These strategies contribute to improved student discipline, greater independence, and more stable behavioral patterns. However, the effectiveness of these efforts is still influenced by external factors such as excessive gadget use and limited continuity of moral guidance at home. The study provides an integrative and adaptive model of moral education that aligns with the characteristics of the digital generation and emphasizes the essential collaboration between teachers, schools, and families. The results highlight the importance of a responsive, contextually relevant approach to moral development that meets the evolving needs and challenges of 21st-century learners.

The development of smart cities has become a strategic priority for local governments seeking to enhance citizens’ quality of life, strengthen sustainable development, and improve public space management. Kambang Iwak Park in Palembang represents one of the city’s major urban green spaces that has undergone significant revitalization and serves as a case study for smart city implementation in public areas. This study analyzes the application of Cohen’s six smart city dimensions—Smart People, Smart Living, Smart Government, Smart Economy, Smart Mobility, and Smart Environment—and their relationship with Carmona’s six urban design dimensions. This qualitative–descriptive research utilizes visual observations, historical data, and facility documentation extracted from the provided presentation. The findings indicate that Kambang Iwak Park effectively integrates several smart city dimensions, particularly Smart Living, Smart Environment, and Smart Mobility. Nonetheless, issues such as irregular parking, insufficient smart services, and poorly organized street vendors remain challenges. The study concludes that integrating smart city principles with urban design concepts enhances public space quality and supports sustainable urban development in Palembang.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly influenced students’ learning behavior while gradually reducing their interest in local cultural education, including the study of the Javanese script. This phenomenon is evident at SDIP Haji Muhammad Subandi, where most students still struggle to recognize, read, and understand Javanese characters due to the limited use of engaging and interactive learning media. To address this issue, a 2D educational game was developed as an innovative, contextual, and enjoyable learning medium that integrates cultural elements into an interactive digital learning experience. The design and development process employed the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method, which consists of six stages: concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. The game was built using Unity software to produce dynamic visuals, responsive controls, and supporting audio elements that enhance the immersive quality of gameplay. The educational game enables students to learn Javanese script through interactive play activities, including letter recognition, pronunciation practice, and quiz-based challenges. Each component was designed to strengthen cognitive understanding while increasing students’ intrinsic motivation to learn. Expert validation results indicated that the game met the “highly feasible” criteria as a learning medium, while user testing showed notable improvements in motivation, engagement, and learning enjoyment. Overall, this educational game not only enhances learning effectiveness but also contributes to the preservation and revitalization of the Javanese script as part of Indonesia’s cultural heritage in the digital era. Therefore, this game-based learning approach serves as an adaptive and culturally grounded educational innovation for primary-level students

This study presents a woodcraft creation in the form of a wall clock with traditional Karo ornaments as the main visual element. The creation is driven by the urgency to preserve the visual culture of the Karo people, which is increasingly threatened by modernization, and the lack of distinctive local souvenirs in tourist areas such as Berastagi, which often offer only generic or mass-produced items. This creation aims not only to function as an indicator of time but also as a medium for cultural preservation, education, and the strengthening of the Karo visual identity in a contemporary context. The creative process applies the "three stages and six steps" approach by S.P. Gustami, which includes exploration, design, and realization. Exploration involves field observations of Karo architecture and artifacts, literary studies on Karo visual symbols, and careful selection of motifs, focusing on Tapak Raja Sulaiman, Takal Kerbo, and Pengeret-ret as representative elements rich in symbolic meaning. The design stage produces various sketches that integrate the functional aspect of the wall clock with the principles of ornamentation, ensuring both utility and cultural expression. Realization involves selecting local woods such as teak, mahogany, and jelutung, followed by manual carving techniques, the application of natural wood coloring, and protective finishing with melamine spray to ensure durability and aesthetic quality. The final result consists of twelve unique wall clocks that embody the aesthetic, symbolic, and cultural richness of the Karo people. This work demonstrates how traditional motifs can be re-contextualized into functional objects, making cultural heritage more visible and relevant in daily life, and is expected to inspire further innovation in the local crafts industry, contributing to long-term preservation and revitalization of regional cultural identity.

This research focuses on the strategic role of the people's market as a driver of the regional economy and a source of Regional Original Income (PAD), by taking a case study of the arrangement of the people's market by the Ciamis Regency MSME Office. Using a qualitative approach, data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the Regional Government of Ciamis Regency implements five main strategies in structuring the people's market, including optimizing development and revitalization with ease of access, market development based on potential and local characteristics, cooperation with investors, facilitation and guaranteeing the ease of capital lending through banking, and market promotion using digital technology. This strategy has a significant impact on the achievement of PAD. The achievement of PAD from the people's market sector of Ciamis Regency was recorded to exceed the target in the period of 2015 to 2017, reaching 113.4%, 128.0%, and 121.9%, respectively, although it decreased in 2018 to 87.2%. To optimize regional levy revenue, these findings conclude the need to improve and improve the regional levy management system to support the performance of the apparatus, the implementation of routine activities such as coordination between agencies and socialization to business actors, as well as increasing the discipline, dedication, and honesty of fiscal officials in carrying out their main duties and functions proportionately.

Civic Education (PKn) has a strategic role as the main means in internalizing the values of Pancasila to students. Through PKn, the process of forming the character and personality of citizens can be carried out systematically, sustainably, and contextually, based on the values of divinity, humanity, unity, democracy, and justice. The internalization of these values is not only through mastery of concepts, but also through habituation of attitudes and behaviors in daily life. An interactive, reflective, and social project-based approach to learning allows learners to actively develop moral awareness, social responsibility, and a sense of nationalism. PKn functions as a character education instrument that not only forms civic knowledge, but also builds a strong national identity and a tolerant spirit. In the context of globalization and the challenges of the digital era, civil society is an important foundation in equipping the young generation to be able to be critical, adaptive, and still uphold national values. Therefore, PKn is not just a formal subject, but a strategic vehicle in forming a generation with Pancasila character who is ready to contribute positively to the life of society, nation, and state. This research emphasizes the urgency of PKn revitalization as a transformative and contextual value education.

The role of technology in revitalizing expository learning strategies in the 21st century. Expository learning strategies are direct teaching methods by teachers with verbal explanations of material, which are effective in conveying factual information but have been criticized for not stimulating critical thinking and not catering to the variety of student learning styles. This study examines how the integration of digital technology and active learning approaches can improve the effectiveness and engagement of students in expository learning. The use of multimedia, digital platforms, and learning management systems (LMS) opens up opportunities for more interactive and collaborative teaching. However, challenges such as unequal access to technology and the management of digital learning must be addressed so that technology can optimally improve the quality of teaching. Curriculum revitalization is also important to align education with industry needs and technological developments, emphasizing the development of practical skills and digital literacy so that graduates are ready to compete in the global job market. This study provides analysis and suggestions for education practitioners to implement more adaptive and effective expository learning strategies in today's digital era.

Urban riverbank areas are strategic spaces that hold ecological, social, cultural, and economic significance. In Pematang Siantar City, the Bah Bolon River has the potential to be developed as a sustainable urban ecotourism corridor. However, its current condition is marked by environmental degradation, infrastructure limitations, and poor spatial utilization. This study aims to identify development strategies that integrate environmental conservation, community-based tourism, and urban revitalization through placemaking and sustainable planning. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach focusing on the Bah Bolon River area in Pematang Siantar City. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with stakeholders, documentation review, and literature studies. The analysis involved descriptive mapping, SWOT analysis, community preference surveys, and land suitability assessments. Findings revealed that three key river segments—RINDAM I/BB area, Jalan Diponegoro–Jalan Jenderal Sudirman corridor, and the Quan Im Temple zone—exhibit varying levels of potential for ecotourism, cultural heritage, and public green space development. Key issues include pollution, informal land use, weak coordination, and insufficient infrastructure. Development opportunities include white-water rafting, thematic parks, spiritual reflection gardens, and creative economic zones. The study proposes an integrated riverbank development strategy, encompassing spatial zoning, ecological restoration, tourism infrastructure, community empowerment, and regional branding. It recommends the establishment of a multi-sector management agency, master planning, and cross-stakeholder collaboration to transform Bah Bolon River into a sustainable, inclusive, and resilient urban corridor.

Green Open Space (RTH) is an essential element in urban development, playing a crucial role in supporting ecological balance, providing shade, producing oxygen, and absorbing pollution. It also serves as a social and cultural space for the community. The neighborhood park located along the banks of the Deli River on Ileng Street, Medan Marelan District, represents a concrete example of this issue. The current condition of Ileng Park reflects a decline in its quality as a green open space. This study aims to identify existing problems in terms of the park's physical condition, functionality, and user activities. It employs a qualitative descriptive approach grounded in a case study framework, with data collected from both primary and secondary sources. The analysis is conducted using a rationalistic site analysis method. The findings indicate that the community perceives a need for the revitalization of the park to enhance comfort, attractiveness, and the implementation of the Islamic Garden Concept, which is considered appropriate for restoring the park’s function as a green open space.

This research is an evaluative study of the old urban area of Kesawan in Medan City, which has been part of the city’s revitalization efforts initiated by the Medan City Government. Kesawan possesses strong historical and colonial architectural character but has undergone functional and visual degradation due to uncontrolled modern urban development. One of the key issues identified is the presence of inactive urban spaces, disconnected from the public realm and lacking social meaning—phenomena recognized in urban theory as lost space. This concept serves as the foundation for evaluating the effectiveness of the revitalization program implemented since 2021. The study employs a qualitative approach using a single-case study method, focusing on Kesawan as a complex urban space. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with five categories of informants (building owners, visitors, security personnel, street vendors, and architects), and visual documentation. The analysis adopts the theoretical framework of Finding Lost Space by Roger Trancik (1986), which comprises three main approaches: Figure-Ground Theory, Linkage Theory, and Place Theory. These were further elaborated into six evaluative indicators: connectivity, continuity and circulation, enclosure, accessibility, visual orientation, and the meaning and perception of space by the public. The findings indicate that revitalization has brought significant visual improvements and physical enhancements, particularly along the main corridor of Jalan Ahmad Yani I–VII. However, many secondary streets and non-priority areas still exhibit characteristics of lost space, such as disconnected pedestrian paths, underutilized voids, weak spatial integration, and limited social engagement. These conditions suggest that the revitalization outcomes remain uneven and predominantly cosmetic in certain areas. The study recommends integrating spatial and social approaches in future urban revitalization policies to ensure that public space functions can be restored holistically, sustainably, and contextually in line with local identity.

Community participation refers to the active involvement of citizens in various stages of the development process, especially at the village level. A concrete example of community participation can be seen in the case study of Bendhung Lepen, located in Mrican Village, Yogyakarta. Bendhung Lepen is an irrigation canal that stems from the Gajah Wong River. Before its revitalization, the area faced numerous environmental problems, primarily due to household waste and pollution that contaminated the waterway and negatively affected the environment and public health. In response to these issues, local residents, along with relevant stakeholders, initiated an environmental conservation program. The main goal of this initiative was to restore the ecological function of Bendhung Lepen and transform it into a clean, green, and beneficial public space for the community. This study aims to measure the level of community participation in the environmental conservation program. Data collection methods included questionnaires for quantitative analysis and in-depth interviews for qualitative insights into community involvement. The results of the study show that community members were actively involved in various phases of the program, including planning, implementation, and evaluation. Stakeholders involved in the program included community leaders, youth groups, environmental organizations, and village officials. The forms of participation extended beyond voicing aspirations to contributing labor (through mutual cooperation) and materials (such as donations or supplies). According to Arnstein’s ladder of participation, the level of community participation in this conservation program falls under the category of "delegated power," which represents a high degree of participation. This means that the community was not merely involved as passive participants but was given real authority in decision-making and program management. These findings indicate that genuine and sustained community involvement plays a crucial role in the success of local environmental conservation efforts.

Physiological quality deterioration during storage is a major factor contributing to the reduced germination capacity of rice seeds. Revitalization treatments are therefore essential to restore seed viability and promote optimal seedling development. One promising approach involves the application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) from the polyamine group, such as putrescine. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of varying concentrations and soaking durations of putrescine in improving the viability of deteriorated rice seeds. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors: putrescine concentrations (0 ppm/ soaking in distilled water only, putrescine 15 ppm, putrescine 20 ppm, and putrescine 25 ppm) and soaking durations (3, 6, and 9 hours). The parameters evaluated included germination percentage and germination rate. Results indicated that treatment with 20 ppm putrescine combined with a 6-hour soaking period yielded the most significant improvement in seed viability. These findings suggest that putrescine treatment can effectively restore the physiological quality of rice seeds affected by storage-induced deterioration.