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This study aims to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a learning module designed for X grade students (Phase E) at SMAN 4 Palangkaraya, focusing on the Christian values of love, justice, and tolerance within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum. The implementation involved classroom teaching using lectures, group discussions, and quizzes to foster active and meaningful learning experiences. The objectives included ensuring students' understanding of the core values, developing their ability to articulate these values, and achieving a minimum score on quizzes. The methodology included direct teaching, observation of student responses and engagement, and evaluation of learning outcomes through cognitive and affective assessments. Findings revealed that 90% of students actively participated in discussions, and all groups engaged in answering quiz questions. The use of rewards notably enhanced student enthusiasm and participation. Despite the overall success, some students did not achieve the highest performance level. The implications suggest that integrating technology into the learning process and thorough preparation of teaching materials are crucial for enhancing student outcomes. This study contributes to the understanding of how Christian values can be effectively integrated into the curriculum to promote holistic student development, aligning with the Pancasila Student Profile, which emphasizes faith, moral integrity, global diversity, and collaboration.                                                                     

Learning evaluation is an important element in the educational process because it allows us to determine the extent to which students have achieved their competencies and helps improve the quality of learning. Objective tests are considered relevant because they can measure students' thinking abilities efficiently and systematically. However, in PAI learning, there are challenges because what is assessed is not only knowledge, but also understanding, attitudes, and actions in religion. This study aims to analyze the application of objective test instruments in evaluating PAI learning at SMA Negeri 1 Jetis Bantul, including how teachers create questions, the difficulties they encounter, and the impact on students. This study uses a qualitative approach with interview, observation, and documentation techniques, then content analysis is used to analyze the results. The findings indicate that teachers have applied HOTS-based questions in accordance with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum. However, students still have difficulty understanding long narrative questions, and objective instruments are not appropriate for assessing affective aspects. In general, students respond positively, but their learning style tends to be instant, relying solely on question outlines. To achieve holistic educational goals in line with the Pancasila Student Profile, continuous innovation is needed in the development of objective testing instruments that are capable of comprehensively measuring cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects.

The Children’s Reading and Learning Corner program is a community service activity implemented by Group 7 of the Community Service Program (KKN) from Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta in Kalibaru Subdistrict, North Jakarta. This program was designed to address the challenge of low reading interest and the limited access to learning facilities among children in the local community. The main target of the activity was children aged 5–8 years, with the objective of increasing reading interest, strengthening basic cognitive skills, and fostering positive learning habits from an early age. The program was carried out through interactive learning methods with a thematic approach, combined with group discussions, question-and-answer sessions, shared reading, and simple practices that encouraged active participation. The learning materials covered Basic Mathematics, Indonesian Language, and General Knowledge, all adjusted to the children’s comprehension levels. In addition, a coloring competition was held to foster creativity, train fine motor skills, and create a fun and engaging learning atmosphere. Evaluation results indicated a significant improvement in children’s enthusiasm for learning, better understanding of the provided materials, and more active involvement during the sessions. The children also demonstrated increased self-confidence, particularly when asked to read aloud or answer questions in front of their peers. Furthermore, the provision of a bookshelf in the community hall became a strategic step to establish a sustainable reading space that could be used outside of program hours. Overall, the program successfully achieved its intended goals and is considered feasible to be expanded to other areas. Additional support in the form of a wider collection of books, more creative learning media, and consistent community involvement will be key factors in ensuring the sustainability and long-term impact of the program.

This study aims to explore the cognitive aspects of questions developed by the Indonesian language teacher at Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Kerabat Kita Bumiayu. Through an interview conducted with the subject teacher in January 2024 at SMK Kerabat Kita Bumiayu, it was found that the design of the questions had considered Bloom’s Taxonomy, specifically the cognitive domain. In order to assess students' abilities, an appropriate evaluation process is necessary. The assessment serves to explore the extent of students’ comprehension of the material delivered during the learning process. This research employs a qualitative method. It adopts an evaluative approach to learning assessment based on Bloom’s Taxonomy, with a particular focus on the cognitive domain. Data analysis was carried out through three stages: the first is data reduction, which aims to simplify information obtained from observation, interviews, and documentation; the second is data presentation, where the reduced data are organized into a simpler and more narrative format.The data analyzed in this study consist of four essay questions designed by the Indonesian language teacher for grade XII students at SMK Kerabat Kita Bumiayu. The research focuses on observing the cognitive level reflected in the essay questions used in the Mid-Semester Assessment (Penilaian Tengah Semester/PTS). 

Learning evaluation is a process of assessing the achievement of learning objectives. The research aims to determine the cognitive domain contained in the questions created by the class XII Indonesian language teacher at Al-Furqon Bantarkawung Vocational School. This research method uses qualitative methods. The data source for this research is Indonesian PSAJ questions. Data collection techniques in this research used observation, interviews, and question documents. The researcher's technical data analysis using the assessment of PSAJ questions was carried out using the cognitive domain. This cognitive domain consists of 6 levels which cover students thinking abilities from the lowest to the highest. Teachers can plan learning and determine the types of questions that suit students' abilities in analyzing Indonesian language evaluations. The cognitive domain outlines six levels of response in the thinking process, namely: The results in this study contain 6 questions, the first is knowledge, knowledge based on cognitive level indicators, the ability to name is a characteristic of category (C1), Second, comprehension, there are two questions, this question is included in comprehension, the cognitive objective of this question is the stage of understanding (C2), Third the application of data based on cognitive level indicators (C3), Fourth Analysis (analysis) the ability to explain is a characteristic of the category (C4), Fifth Synthesis: There is one data based on the question above which is included in the cognitive domain category because students are asked to combine the correct parts to make one unit (C5). The six assessments (evaluation) and one question data above are included in the category (C6), because students are asked to compare texts 1 and 2 in the analysis of Indonesian PSAJ questions.

This study aims to describe the form and implementation of mathematics learning evaluation applied by teachers at SMA Negeri 12 Padang which is used in grades X and XI (Independent Curriculum). The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation, compiled collaboratively through the KKG forum and have been adjusted to the academic calendar of the Ministry of Religion. The results of the study indicate that mathematics teachers in grades X and XI consistently apply diagnostic assessments (especially cognitive), formative assessments, summative assessments, affective evaluations, and cognitive. Based on the results of observations, the teaching tools achieved a success percentage of 96.67% in grades X and XI. This evaluation is adjusted to the characteristics of students at each level and is carried out through various strategies, ranging from providing trigger questions to participant observation and conceptual understanding. Follow-up such as remedial and enrichment are also provided according to student needs. The evaluation carried out has reflected the principle of holistic assessment by considering cognitive, affective aspects, and the achievement of learning objectives.

This study aims to analyze intensive reading skills among fifth-grade elementary school students. Intensive reading is a vital skill that supports information comprehension and serves as a foundation for mastering other subjects. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using a case study method. Data were collected through direct observation, audio recordings, and document analysis of previous reading assessment results. Evaluation involved cognitive tests with multiple-choice questions and psychomotor observations while students read texts independently. The findings reveal variations in intensive reading skills among students, particularly in understanding text content, organizing ideas, diction accuracy, sentence structure, spelling, and note-taking ability. Most students could grasp the main idea and identify the plot well; however, challenges remained in using appropriate diction, maintaining consistent sentence structure, and achieving accuracy in spelling and note-taking. These results highlight the need for more effective teaching strategies to improve students’ intensive reading skills. This study is expected to contribute positively to the development of Indonesian language learning methods at the elementary level, better preparing students to face increasingly complex academic challenges.

This study aims to analyze intensive reading skills among fifth-grade elementary school students. Intensive reading is a vital skill that supports information comprehension and serves as a foundation for mastering other subjects. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using a case study method. Data were collected through direct observation, audio recordings, and document analysis of previous reading assessment results. Evaluation involved cognitive tests with multiple-choice questions and psychomotor observations while students read texts independently. The findings reveal variations in intensive reading skills among students, particularly in understanding text content, organizing ideas, diction accuracy, sentence structure, spelling, and note-taking ability. Most students could grasp the main idea and identify the plot well; however, challenges remained in using appropriate diction, maintaining consistent sentence structure, and achieving accuracy in spelling and note-taking. These results highlight the need for more effective teaching strategies to improve students’ intensive reading skills. This study is expected to contribute positively to the development of Indonesian language learning methods at the elementary level, better preparing students to face increasingly complex academic challenges.

The maritime industry operates in a complex, rapidly evolving global environment where decision-making accuracy is critical for operational efficiency, sustainability, and risk mitigation. Traditionally, maritime leadership has relied heavily on experience-based decision-making, often leading to cognitive biases and strategic inefficiencies. This study examines the role of scientific paradigms in managerial decision-making, emphasizing how structured epistemological reasoning enhances strategic accuracy and reduces decision-making errors. This research provides original value by addressing the limited integration of structured decision-making models in maritime leadership, which has been largely overlooked in previous studies. While scientific reasoning has transformed decision-making in industries such as finance and healthcare, its application in maritime management remains underdeveloped. The study explores the following research questions: To what extent do scientific paradigms influence managerial decision-making in maritime leadership? How can structured reasoning reduce bias and improve decision accuracy? Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with maritime experts, lecturers, and postgraduate students, followed by thematic analysis and comparative evaluation. Results indicate that structured decision frameworks significantly improve managerial effectiveness, yet barriers such as industry conservatism and limited competency development hinder widespread adoption. The study concludes that integrating scientific reasoning into maritime leadership training programs can enhance decision accuracy, promote evidence-based management, and ensure sustainable strategic planning.