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The development of digital technology in the Society 5.0 era presents both challenges and opportunities in history teaching, particularly regarding teachers’ ability to integrate technology and adapt to changes in students’ learning styles. This study aims to analyse the challenges faced by teachers and the strategies employed in digital-based history teaching. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) employing the PRISMA approach, involving the stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion of scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025. From the selection process, 25 relevant articles were identified for qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that teachers’ digital literacy levels remain at a moderate level and are unevenly distributed, thereby affecting the sub-optimal integration of technology into teaching. Furthermore, changes in students’ learning styles which are increasingly technology-oriented require more interactive and contextual pedagogical innovations. On the other hand, the use of digital media has proven capable of enhancing student motivation and learning outcomes, although this is still hindered by limitations in infrastructure and teachers’ technical competencies. The abundance of historical information on the internet also poses challenges regarding the validity of sources, thus necessitating the strengthening of digital literacy and critical thinking. The implications of this research underscore the importance of the ongoing development of teachers’ digital skills, the improvement of educational facilities, and the implementation of innovative teaching models to ensure that history teaching becomes more relevant and effective, and is capable of fostering critical thinking skills in pupils in the digital age.

Telemedicine is a technology-based healthcare innovation that can improve access and efficiency. The quality of service provided by human resources (HR) plays a crucial role in determining patient satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the influence of HR service quality on patient satisfaction among telemedicine users. The method used was a literature review using a qualitative descriptive approach through analysis of scientific articles from various databases published between 2020 and 2025. The results indicate that HR service quality significantly influences patient satisfaction, particularly through aspects of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and effective communication. Patient satisfaction is also influenced by ease of access, time efficiency, and trust in the services provided. However, limitations such as the lack of in-person physical examinations remain a challenge in the implementation of telemedicine. Therefore, improving HR competency, particularly in digital communication and technology utilization, is essential to improving the quality of telemedicine services. Therefore, HR service quality is a key factor in increasing patient satisfaction and the successful development of digital healthcare services.

The Bajo tribe is a group of people who depend on the sea. The Bajo tribe views the sea as a fundamental entity, and believe that the sea is the source of life. The life of the Bajo tribe is inseparable from the noble values and local wisdom that they hold upto. This Bajo tribal area, with its immense marine biodiversity, faces serious threats from a variety of factors, including overfishing as well as fish bombing, coral reef damage, and environmental pollution. This study uses a Qualitative Descriptive method using an ethnographic study with a number of subjects of two people , informant determination techniques using purposive sampling and subject retrieval using triangulation techniques. The forms of local wisdom of the Bajo Tribe that play a role in preserving the environment are: The Bajo Tribe's belief in spirit spirits or the supernatural, the Tibaanca tradition, and the use of traditional fishing gear. Local wisdom has a role in preserving the environment such as: Sustainable use of natural resources, protection of biodiversity, and control of environmental pollution. The Bajo tribe in Torosiaje uses local wisdom that they hold fast to to preserve the environment from environmental damage.

The prevalence of non-communicable degenerative diseases in Indonesia continues to rise, particularly affecting adolescents and productive age populations due to unhealthy lifestyle patterns and free radical exposure. Purple sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.), a locally abundant resource often regarded merely as agricultural by-product, contain significant bioactive compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and terpenoids demonstrating potent antioxidant properties with IC50 values of 47.99 ppm. This study employs a qualitative descriptive literature review approach, analyzing 28 scientific publications spanning 2018-2025 sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed databases to examine the potential of purple sweet potato leaves as effervescent tablet raw material for degenerative disease prevention. Findings reveal that bioactive constituents effectively neutralize free radicals, prevent lipid peroxidation, and protect cellular structures from oxidative damage linked to diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. The effervescent tablet formulation provides strategic advantages including enhanced solubility, accelerated absorption rates due to elimination of disintegration processes, pleasant carbonation sensation masking unpleasant active ingredient taste, and superior gastrointestinal tolerance. This innovation offers promising prospects for degenerative disease prevention through local food resource utilization, though experimental validation regarding optimal formulation, effective dosage determination, and clinical efficacy assessment remains necessary for practical implementation.

This research examines the innovation of community empowerment rooted in local wisdom for environmental management and green economy advancement in Ketegan Village, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency. The study stems from the increasing environmental issues resulting from urban development and the limited public understanding of sustainable economic measures. The research examines how local values—like cooperative efforts and social responsibility—can be incorporated into innovative, economically effective environmental management frameworks. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, data collection involved in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and the documentation of environmental policies and socio-economic information. The results indicate that residents of Ketegan have effectively created an empowerment model that integrates tradition and innovation via waste bank management, the use of organic waste for compost and biogas, and community-driven green economy projects engaging women and youth. Cooperation between the government, community, and universities has been essential in maintaining these initiatives. However, institutional capability, online marketing, and program viability continue to pose considerable obstacles. The research suggests enhancing community potential by providing training in green entrepreneurship, facilitating digital transformation, and incorporating local wisdom principles into sustainable development strategies. The results confirm that innovation rooted in local wisdom can effectively create resilient, competitive, and environmentally aware communities.

This research investigates transparency and accountability in the management of state-owned assets (BMN) at the East Java Regional Police's Logistics Bureau as a step toward enhancing effective, adaptive, and integrity-focused governance in police logistics. The research context arises from the growing public call for transparency and accountability in managing state assets, in line with policies for bureaucratic reform and digitalization in the police logistics framework. This study utilized a qualitative descriptive approach involving in-depth interviews, observations in the field, and analysis of documents. The results show that adopting a unified digital system has enhanced the efficiency of asset management, sped up inventory operations, and reduced the risks of asset misuse. Nonetheless, obstacles persist, such as restricted human resource capacity, data alignment problems, and inadequate performance-based assessments. The conversation emphasizes that effective asset management relies on the implementation of adaptive governance, motivation for public service, and precise performance assessment systems. The research indicates that the integration of digital innovation, professional skills, and a robust commitment to public accountability is crucial for creating transparent and sustainable governance in police logistics

Oil palm plantations are often confronted with the problem of uncontrolled land expansion and suboptimal management, which potentially threaten the sustainability of the business from environmental, social, and economic perspectives for surrounding communities. This condition calls for a comprehensive evaluation of management practices implemented by independent smallholders. This study aims to determine the sustainability status of smallholder oil palm plantations in Parindu Subdistrict, Sanggau Regency, assessed from five main dimensions: ecological, economic, social, institutional, and technological. In addition, the study analyzes attributes that have sensitivity levels affecting the future sustainability of oil palm farming as a basis for formulating improvement strategies. A total of 36 respondents were selected using purposive sampling techniques and in-depth interviews. The research method employed was quantitative descriptive using the Rap-Palmoil approach and qualitative descriptive supported by kite diagrams to clarify the analysis results. The findings indicate that the management status of oil palm plantations falls into the moderately sustainable category, with MDS values of 53.61 for Embala Village and 55.75 for Maju Karya Village. The dimensions that require priority improvement in both villages are the ecological and technological dimensions.

Financial literacy is a fundamental competency that should be developed from an early age to foster prudent financial behavior in the future. However, the level of financial literacy among elementary school students remains relatively low, particularly in rural areas. The Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata/KKN) serves as a strategic platform for providing financial education to the community, including elementary school students. This study aims to describe the implementation of a basic financial literacy program for students of SD 050430 Bunuraya Village through the KKN program and to analyze its impact on students’ understanding of financial concepts. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that the financial literacy program delivered through interactive learning media effectively improves students’ understanding of basic concepts such as saving, distinguishing between needs and wants, and simple management of pocket money. The program is expected to serve as an initial step in building early financial awareness and encouraging the involvement of schools and families in children’s financial education.

Training programs are an effective strategy for empowering micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), particularly in rural areas. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of training in producing Sunlight dishwashing liquid as an effort to empower MSMEs in Jandi Meriah Village. It also examines the impact of the training on improving community skills, expanding business development opportunities, and contributing to the village’s economic growth. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings show that the training significantly enhances participants’ technical knowledge and skills in producing dishwashing liquid, including understanding raw materials, formulation processes, and product packaging techniques. Additionally, the training fosters entrepreneurial motivation, strengthens basic managerial abilities, and opens opportunities for forming small business groups based on home industry activities. The socio-economic impacts include increased household income potential, strengthened community collaboration, and the emergence of new MSME initiatives. This study concludes that training in producing Sunlight dishwashing liquid is an effective empowerment instrument to enhance community capacity and strengthen the village economy, making it a sustainable program model for other rural areas.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of programs strengthening financial literacy, economic digitalization, and the creative economy carried out by students participating in the Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata/KKN) in Nagori Marihat Bukit. The programs included education on the Indonesian rupiah and the importance of saving habits, socialization of the QRIS digital payment system, a workshop on striphone production to support MSME development, and an ecoprint workshop for elementary school students. The study employed a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through participatory observation and documentation. The results indicate that the programs successfully enhanced community understanding of financial literacy from an early age, increased the adoption of digital payment technology with 68% of participants successfully implementing QRIS, and improved creative economy skills that support the development of local MSMEs. These activities demonstrate that community-based economic education can effectively strengthen financial awareness, promote digital financial inclusion, and sustainably develop the creative economic potential of the community. Therefore, this KKN program can serve as a practical model of community-based economic empowerment in fostering economically independent communities.

This community service aims to provide training on the use of the Joint Marketing Program (eJMP) application module to micro and small industry players in the  Surabaya city, so that marketing of MSI products can be carried out flexibly without being limited by space, place and time, so that marketing can reach a wider network and ensure the sustainability of MSI businesses in the future. This community service activity uses a qualitative descriptive approach by photographing the real conditions of marketing management of micro and small industries, then providing eJMP module training to 20 micro and small industry sector players as well as owners who are domiciled in the Surabaya city. The eJMP module training method is implemented through four stages, namely: (1) identifying the suitability of the eJMP module content to the marketing needs of MSI businesses, (2) determining the eJMP module training model with its marketing literacy priorities, (3) elaborating the eJMP content with MSI marketing literacy materials, and (4) implementing the eJMP module training for micro and small industry players. The results of this training indicate that micro and small industry players still experience difficulties in marketing MSI products, therefore optimizing the use of the eJMP application can help micro and small industry businesses to optimize marketing together, flexibly and effectively. This eJMP application module training includes material on the important role of joint marketing, optimizing the role of cooperatives, an introduction to the eJMP application and joint marketing simulations through the eJMP application. This training, which is carried out in a structured and systematic manner for micro and small industry players, is expected to be able to improve flexible and effective joint marketing and ensure the sustainability of MSI businesses in the future .

Nowadays, people are more likely to make transactions online. Online transactions are the same as offline transactions, only the online buying and selling process is carried out via the internet rather than offline, where sellers and buyers meet.  In fact, when carrying out online transactions, some customers become disappointed and disadvantaged, such as when the product ordered is not suitable or is not sent by the seller, especially for customers who experience fraud with large amounts of money.  As a result, it is very important to follow Islamic business ethics when making transactions on Tokopedia.  This research uses qualitative descriptive research where researchers use the literature study method to obtain data.  The research results show that Islamic business ethics at Tokopedia fulfill several Islamic ethical principles

Drug stockouts in hospitals pose significant risks to service quality, patient safety, and operational efficiency. This study aimed to analyze how drug demand planning and procurement processes at Johar Baru Regional General Hospital contribute to stockout occurrences and to develop data-driven recommendations based on supply chain management principles. A qualitative descriptive design was employed using data triangulation. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the Head of the Pharmacy Installation, procurement staff, and warehouse pharmacists, complemented by direct observation and analysis of 2024 planning and procurement documents. Thematic analysis was conducted with the support of NVivo software to identify patterns and relationships among key variables, including drug demand planning, procurement, and inventory management.Findings reveal that stockouts stem from interconnected weaknesses in planning accuracy, procurement coordination, and inventory control systems. Effective stock management depends not only on increasing supply but also on improving data quality, integrating inventory information systems with operational workflows, and enhancing cross-functional collaboration. Recommended strategies include implementing a minimum stock alert system integrated with the Hospital Management Information System (HMIS), strengthening standard operating procedures for stockout response and procurement confirmation, improving integration between HMIS, the National Formulary, and budgeting systems, and applying consumption based planning methods combined with ABC VEN analysis to optimize inventory control.

Language and news have a close relationship because language is a medium to convey news. In news, the use of noun phrases is important to pay attention to, so that there is no misunderstanding. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the use of object phrases in news texts, focusing on their elements, types, and functions. In this research, two approaches are used, namely qualitative descriptive and syntax. The results show that in the news text, there are various variations of noun phrases. This diversity is seen in the different patterns of phrase formation, which differ in structure and constituent elements. The type of noun phrase that is often found is the subordinate noun phrase. The results showed that noun phrases can occupy syntactic functions as long as their use does not exceed the limits of sentence structure. In Indonesian syntax, noun phrases can function as subjects, objects, or descriptions. Therefore, noun phrases play an important role in the formation of a sentence.

News texts are a systematic way of conveying information that contains declarative and imperative sentences used to convey meaning directly and demonstrate the persuasive value of the news. The research goals are to analyze imperative sentences to understand how commands, requests, prohibitions, or invitations are conveyed so that they can influence the actions or responses of readers, as well as to analyze declarative sentences, which play an important role in constructing discourse structure and indicating the writer's position on the topic being discussed. This study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. This method was chosen because it can describe what is seen, heard, felt, and asked. The researcher considers qualitative descriptive research to accurately describe a situation without manipulating variables.  This research concludes that imperative sentences elicit responses in the form of agreement and action, or rejection, either directly or indirectly. Meanwhile, declarative sentences serve as a guide or basis for understanding the context the speaker wishes to convey and can also be used to reinforce previously conveyed information to avoid ambiguity and misunderstanding when examining the meaning. This research is expected to be useful in linguistic studies, more specifically in syntactic material that discusses declarative and imperative sentences in news texts and political discourses.

The language used in online news is not only a tool for conveying information but also shapes perspectives that influence readers. One key element in this aspect is phrases. Phrases always appear in various types of text. A phrase is a grammatical unit consisting of two or more words that does not exceed the functional limit and fulfills one of the syntactic functions. Phrases are often found in a text within a sentence, one of which is on the online news page cnnindonesia.com. The type of phrase found in the news page is a verb phrase that functions to form a predicate, link ideas, and better explain the author's intent. The cnnindonesia.com page about Affan Kurniawan published in August 2025 was chosen because it shows a variety of verb phrases that are interesting to study. This study aims to describe the form of verb phrases found in the cnnindonesia.com news about Affan Kurniawan published in August 2025. This research can provide a clearer picture of verb phrases in journalistic texts. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study describe verb phrases and their syntactic functions in a cnnindonesia.com news story about Affan Kurniawan published in August 2025. This research is useful theoretically and practically. Theoretically, this study enriches the syntactic study of verb phrases and their application in media texts. Practically, the results can serve as a reference for students, researchers, and journalists in using Indonesian effectively and according to the rules.

This study aims to analyze and identify various types of phrases found in educational opinion texts published on the Pundi.or.id website, 2025 edition. The research is based on the importance of syntactic understanding, particularly the use of phrases, in constructing effective and meaningful sentence structures in opinion texts. A qualitative descriptive method was applied using the observation and note-taking technique. The data were collected by examining, recording, and classifying different types of phrases, including nominal, verbal, adjectival, numerical, and adverbial phrases. The findings reveal that each type of phrase functions differently in shaping sentence meaning and enhancing the clarity of the writer’s arguments. Nominal and verbal phrases were found to dominate the texts, indicating their significant role in presenting ideas and logical reasoning. This research contributes to the development of syntactic studies and provides practical benefits for teachers and students in learning Indonesian, especially in mastering sentence structure and improving opinion writing skills. Furthermore, the study serves as a reference for future linguistic research within the context of digital media and education.

This study discusses clause structures in online news articles published by Detik.com, highlighting the issue of UNNES student Iko Juliant Junior in September 2025. The background of this research lies in the importance of understanding how digital media utilize language structures to convey information effectively, concisely, and objectively. In the context of online journalism, the selection and arrangement of clauses play a crucial role in shaping clarity, focus, and meaning as perceived by readers. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms and types of clauses used in news texts and to explain their functions in maintaining the accuracy and credibility of information delivery. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a focus on syntactic studies. The data consist of clauses found in Detik.com news articles published in September 2025, analyzed based on their syntactic components: subject, predicate, object, complement, and adverbial. The findings show that the clause patterns of Subject–Predicate (S–P) and Subject–Predicate–Object (S–P–O) are the most dominant, with verbal predicates appearing most frequently. These patterns reflect the efficient, factual, and easily understood style of online journalistic language. This study contributes to the development of syntactic research and serves as a practical reference for journalists and readers in understanding effective language use in digital media.

This study aims to analyze the use of digital media in the form of infographics to improve student learning outcomes in history lessons, specifically regarding the events of the national movement in the 11th grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah 07 Serbelawan in the 2024/2025 academic year. Along with technological advancements, the use of digital media is becoming increasingly popular in education as an alternative to improve student understanding and learning interest. One form of digital media used is infographics, which can simplify complex information into easier-to-understand information through engaging visual elements. The research method used was classroom action research (CAR), implemented in two cycles, with the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were 30 11th grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah 07 Serbelawan. Data collection techniques were conducted through tests, observations, and interviews. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the use of infographics in history lessons can improve student understanding and learning interest. Improved student learning outcomes were evident in improved test scores after the use of infographics, as well as increased student active participation in class discussions. Furthermore, students also responded positively to the use of this digital media because infographics presented information in a more engaging and easy-to-understand manner. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of digital media in the form of infographics can be effective in improving students' history learning outcomes, particularly in understanding the material on the national movement. Therefore, it is recommended that history teachers consider using infographics in their lessons to improve the quality of teaching and student learning outcomes.

Tobacco is a leading commodity that forms the foundation of the rural economy, but its cultivation faces challenges in the form of labour intensity, significant capital requirements, and farmers' lack of understanding of systematic cost structures. This study aims to analyse the production cost structure and evaluate the economic efficiency of tobacco farming managed by the Batu Daun Farmer Group in Batuan Village, Sumenep Regency. The research method used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews with the head of the farmer group, field observations, and analysis of financial documents as secondary data. The analysis focused on identifying fixed and variable costs, as well as evaluating economic performance using the Break Even Point (BEP) and Revenue-Cost Ratio (R/C) indicators. The results showed that the total production cost was IDR 28,597,500 (fixed costs of IDR 3,450,000 and variable costs of IDR 25,147,500) for the production of 2,800 kg of tobacco with a gross income of IDR 70,000,000. The R/C ratio value of 2.44 (>1) indicates that the business is operating efficiently and profitably, while the BEP of 215.4 kg shows that actual production far exceeds the break-even point, meaning that the business is in an economically safe zone. The results of the study conclude that the tobacco farming business of the Batu Daun Farmer Group is economically viable and efficient.