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The implementation of active learning models such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Project-Based Learning (PjBL) at the junior high school level is often constrained by the complexity of instructional time management. This study aims to examine the role of the principal’s instructional leadership in addressing time management dilemmas in the implementation of active learning at SMP Negeri 6 Panyabungan. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method was employed in this study. Data were collected through non-participant observation and in-depth interviews with key informants, namely the school principal and an Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teacher selected as representatives of field conditions. The findings reveal three main results. First, teachers’ time management constraints are caused by weak control of learning activity transitions, noisy classroom conditions during group division, and low initial student learning readiness. Second, the principal implemented several concrete interventions, including the adoption of block scheduling, clinical supervision focused on classroom management, and the optimization of the Subject Teacher Forum (MGMP) or school learning community. Third, these interventions improved teachers’ instructional efficiency, strengthened classroom activity control, and created a more structured active learning process. However, sustainability challenges remain, particularly resistance from senior teachers who tend to prefer conventional teaching methods. This study concludes that adaptive and solution-oriented instructional leadership is a key factor in addressing the complexity of time management constraints in active learning implementation.

21st-century skills are a crucial aspect that students must master, equipping them to face the challenges of modern development. In history learning, the use of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is considered a powerful tool for transforming learning from rote memorization to active, problem-solving-based learning. This study aims to analyze the role of PBL in enhancing 21st-century skills in history learning through the Problem-Based Learning (SLR) approach. The research method used in this study is the SLR with a prism procedure. The data were obtained from a search of scientific articles through Google Scholar using the keywords Problem-Based Learning, 21st-Century Skills, and history learning. From the initial 2,540 articles obtained, after screening based on relevance, quality, and year range, six key articles were obtained. The study results indicate that PBL is effective in enhancing 21st-century skills through discussions, historical source analysis, and contextual problem-solving. This approach is considered appropriate for the curriculum because it encourages student-centered learning, rather than teacher-centered learning. Although PBL still faces several challenges in its implementation, it remains a relevant and effective learning strategy for developing 21st-century skills.

This community service activity aims to improve the understanding and readiness of Elementary School Teacher Education (PGSD) students in taking the Learning Strategy course. The activity focused on introducing the basic concepts of learning strategies, the use of various innovative learning methods, and the integration of technology in the learning process. The target of the activity was PGSD students who were about to start the Learning Strategy course. The implementation method of the activity included material delivery, interactive discussions, and filling out a questionnaire to identify students' perceptions, initial experiences, and expectations of the Learning Strategy course. This activity was attended by 84 students at the beginning of the lecture. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively to describe the level of understanding and needs of students. The results of the activity showed that students generally had a basic understanding of learning strategies, but there were still variations in learning method preferences and levels of readiness in using technology. Problem-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning were perceived as effective and engaging methods, although students still faced obstacles in time management and differences in learning styles. This activity made a positive contribution in raising students' awareness of the importance of selecting appropriate learning strategies. This community service activity recommended the need to strengthen more adaptive, innovative, and inclusive learning through technology integration and attention to the diversity of student learning styles in the implementation of the Learning Strategy course.

The rapid development of digital technology highlights the importance of introducing computational thinking skills from an early age, including at the elementary school level. One effective approach to introducing basic programming concepts is through block-based coding learning media that are visual, interactive, and engaging. This community service activity aimed to improve elementary school students’ understanding and interest in basic coding through hands-on training using block-based coding media. The program was implemented with sixth-grade students at Yayasan Kemala Bhayangkari 1 Medan. The activity employed a hands-on training approach consisting of several stages, including an introduction to basic coding concepts, familiarization with the Blockly Games interface, and practical exercises involving puzzle and maze challenges designed to develop logical thinking, sequencing, and problem-solving skills. The evaluation was conducted through direct observation of student participation and assessment of students’ ability to complete the given challenges. The results demonstrated that the use of Blockly Games effectively increased students’ enthusiasm, active engagement, and understanding of basic programming logic. Students who initially perceived programming as difficult showed greater interest and confidence due to the colorful, visual block-based instructions that were easy to understand and enjoyable. This community service activity is expected to serve as an effective introductory model for coding education and to support the development of digital literacy among elementary school students.

The Muhammadiyah Orphanage in Pamekasan faces major challenges in developing life skills and digital education for its children due to limited facilities, teaching staff, and conventional learning methods. To address these issues, an edutainment-based approach and digital pedagogy intervention were implemented to enhance learning quality, motivation, and preparedness for future social and technological challenges. The activities included workshops and training on Digital Pedagogy and Edutainment learning materials, as well as simulations and role-plays using a Game-Based Learning approach, followed by evaluations and participant plan presentations. The program significantly improved the wards’ digital literacy, particularly in personal security (online safety), digital ethics (cyber ethics), gadget usage, and information management, with the average score rising from 2.84 to 4.10 on a 5-point scale, surpassing the target of 75% of participants in the “good” category. Beyond cognitive aspects, the program also boosted motivation, engagement, communication, problem-solving, and independence. Caregiver training was also provided to ensure program sustainability. It is recommended that the orphanage integrate the Game-Based Learning Digital Safety module into its non-formal curriculum, enhance caregiver capacity through advanced training, and improve IT infrastructure.

This community service activity aims to strengthen the role of higher education institutions in preserving local culture through the revitalization of cultural arts learning based on local wisdom, particularly traditional Nias carving art. The main problems faced by the partners include the limited availability of contextual cultural arts learning, minimal integration of traditional art practices into university courses, and students’ low understanding of the philosophical values embedded in Nias carving motifs. The implementation method employs a participatory–educational approach consisting of preparation, socialization, theoretical and practical training, intensive mentoring, and evaluation stages. This activity involves students and lecturers as participants as well as agents of cultural preservation. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge of the symbolic meanings of Nias carving motifs, their basic skills in designing and drawing carving motifs, and their appreciative attitudes toward the preservation of local cultural arts. This activity contributes to the strengthening of cultural arts learning in higher education and has the potential to serve as a sustainable model of community service based on local culture.

This study examines the implementation of Project Based Learning (PjBL) in enhancing students’ understanding of moral values in Islamic Religious Education at the tenth grade of MA Yapina. The research is motivated by the urgent need to strengthen character education through learning experiences that are meaningful, contextual, and aligned with the challenges of contemporary moral degradation. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study analyzes learning activities, instructional documents, and students’ project outputs to explore how PjBL shapes their comprehension of akhlak as both knowledge and practiced behavior. Findings indicate that PjBL encourages active participation, collaboration, creativity, and reflective thinking, enabling students to interpret moral values through real-life situations and group-based problem solving. Projects assigned to students, such as posters, videos, and thematic presentations, foster deeper understanding because they require the integration of moral concepts into practical tasks. The role of the teacher as a facilitator further supports the learning process by guiding students in inquiry and project management. Despite challenges such as variation in student discipline and time constraints, the overall implementation of PjBL demonstrates positive effects on students’ cognitive and affective grasp of moral values. This study underscores the relevance of PjBL as an innovative pedagogical model for Islamic Religious Education and highlights its potential for strengthening character formation in madrasah settings. It also suggests the need for further research involving direct classroom observations and interviews to enrich empirical evidence on the long-term impact of PjBL on student character development.

The low effectiveness of student organizational performance in designing and managing structured work programs presents a major challenge to strengthening the leadership culture at MTsN 1 Probolinggo. This community service program aims to enhance students’ managerial and leadership capacities through performance mentoring for the Intra-Madrasah Student Organization (OSIM), based on innovations in learning management. The methods employed include training sessions, workshops, and continuous mentoring, all designed collaboratively with school stakeholders. The activity stages began with a needs analysis and problem mapping, followed by the development of training modules, the implementation of organizational management training, and interactive workshops aimed at developing adaptive and applicable work programs. The proposed solutions encompass strengthening foundational understanding of organizational management, enhancing the role of members in program planning, and facilitating the implementation of OSIM activities that support the creation of an active learning environment. Evaluation was carried out through pre-tests and post-tests to measure comprehension improvement, field activity observations, and assessments of work program achievement. The results indicate significant improvements in participants’ cognitive and practical skills, particularly in the planning, execution, and evaluation of OSIM programs that are now more structured and goal-oriented. In conclusion, this community service activity successfully reinforced student leadership competencies through an innovative approach to managing student organizations, while also promoting the development of a sustainable culture of collaborative work. Based on the outcomes, it is recommended that this mentoring model be replicated in other madrasahs and that OSIM leadership development programs be systematically integrated into extracurricular curricula to ensure the continuity and expansion of the positive impacts achieved

This study aims to describe the implementation of an active learning model based on collaboration to improve students’ conceptual understanding in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). The background of this research stems from the low level of student engagement in the learning process, which has resulted in less optimal understanding of religious concepts. The research employed a qualitative approach with a classroom action research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles. The subjects were eleventh-grade students at a senior high school in City X. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and conceptual understanding tests. The findings revealed that the implementation of the collaborative active learning model increased students’ participation in learning activities, fostered critical thinking skills, and enhanced their conceptual understanding of Islamic Education materials. Through group discussions, problem-solving activities, and reflection sessions, students became more cognitively and affectively engaged in the learning process. Therefore, the collaborative active learning model can serve as an effective alternative strategy to improve both the process and outcomes of Islamic Religious Education learning.

This study aims to determine the differences in problem-solving and critical thinking skills between students taught using the Reciprocal Teaching and Problem-Based Learning models in class X of SMK Ki Hajar Dewantara Kotapinang for the 2021-2022 academic year. This is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental design. The population consists of all class X students at SMK Ki Hajar Dewantara Kotapinang in the 2021-2022 academic year, totaling 111 students. The sample used was class X AKUNTANSI 1 and X AKUNTANSI 2, each consisting of 20 students, chosen as experimental classes using Cluster Random Sampling. Data were collected from pre-tests and post-tests with problem-solving and critical thinking skill test items, then analyzed descriptively and followed by Two-Way ANOVA. The findings indicate: 1) There is no difference in problem-solving ability between students taught using the Reciprocal Teaching model and the Problem-Based Learning model in class X of SMK Ki Hajar Dewantara Kotapinang, with F_observed = 0.320 < F_table(α= 0.05) = 3.978; 2) There is a difference in critical thinking skills between students taught using the Reciprocal Teaching model and the Problem-Based Learning model in class X of SMK Ki Hajar Dewantara Kotapinang, with F_observed = 5.128 > F_table(α= 0.05) = 3.978; 3) There is a difference in both problem-solving and critical thinking skills between students taught using the Reciprocal Teaching model and the Problem-Based Learning model in class X of SMK Ki Hajar Dewantara Kotapinang, with F_observed = 0.026 > F_table(α= 0.05) = 3.936; 4) There is no interaction between the Reciprocal Teaching and Problem-Based Learning models in class X of SMK Ki Hajar Dewantara Kotapinang, with F_observed = 0.459 < F_table(α= 0.05) = 3.936.

This research is based on the condition of students who are less enthusiastic and tend to be passive during learning. Students consider social studies  to be boring and difficult, resulting in low student activeness. This low activeness affects students’ cognitive abilities. An effort that can be made is to create a fun learning atmosphere by using appropriate and interesting learning strategies, one of which is the Think Talk Write learning strategy. This strategy makes students active and more enthusiastic, so they achieve satisfying cognitive ability scores. The problem formulation in this research is how much influence the Think Talk Write strategy has on cognitive abilities, student activeness, and both in social studies subjects. This research uses a quantitative approach with a Quasy Experimental Design and a nonequivalent control group design. The sample consists of 29 students in the control class and 26 students in the experimental class. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, with data collected through cognitive ability tests and student activeness sheets. Data analysis was performed using the Independent Sample T-Test and MANOVA. The results show that the Think Talk Write strategy influences students’ cognitive abilities and activeness, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05.

This community service activity aims to optimize the understanding and skills of elementary school (SD) teachers in Tarik District in implementing innovative learning based on deep learning. The concept of deep learning in the context of education does not solely refer to the use of technology, but also includes a deep, reflective, and meaningful learning approach. Through this approach, teachers are expected to be able to create a learning environment that encourages students to think critically, creatively, and be able to collaborate effectively. This activity was attended by 34 elementary school teachers from eight schools in the Tarik District area. In addition to providing training related to deep learning concepts and strategies, such as project-based learning and problem-based learning, this activity also introduced the use of OLabs (Online Labs), which is a virtual laboratory platform that can be accessed for free and is specifically designed to support the implementation of online experimental learning. The use of OLabs provides an efficient and flexible alternative, especially for educational units that have limited laboratory facilities. Based on the results of the evaluation, there was a significant increase in teachers' understanding of innovative learning principles, as well as a commitment to implement the approach in an adaptive manner and in accordance with the context of each school. This activity is expected to be the starting point in efforts to strengthen the pedagogic capacity of teachers, in order to support the implementation of the Independent Curriculum and answer the challenges of 21st century education.

The problems in this community service are: “Can teachers use documentary film media as a learning resource for students at SMA Negeri 6 Palu? The objectives that can be achieved in this service are: (1). Documentary films are well documented and are expected to be a learning resource for students at SMA Negeri 3 Palu, (2) Documentary films can be a source of inspiration for history teachers both in teaching and in making teaching materials, (3) Documentary films can be well selected, which are adapted to subject matter based on the curriculum used. Assistance to the target audience, namely teachers and students to assist in utilizing documentary film learning media as a learning resource for History at SMA Negeri 3 Palu. The hope to be achieved through this community service is that teachers and students can benefit from the use of documentary film learning media in the learning process to improve the quality of both teaching and learning.

This community service programme aims to improve teachers' understanding and skills in managing interactive learning media to increase student engagement in the learning process at SMAN 17 Lamuru, Bone Regency. Based on the results of the need assessment and situation analysis, it was found that the partners experienced several problems, including the lack of teacher understanding of information technology, the low ability of teachers to implement online learning, and the lack of knowledge about interactive learning media. This activity was attended by 25 participants and was carried out using various methods, such as lectures, questions and answers, discussions, brainstorming, demonstrations, and direct practice of online-based interactive learning media management. The materials provided were arranged in accordance with the objectives of the mentoring, and supported by instruments such as mentoring modules, observation sheets, participant satisfaction questionnaires, activity documentation, and other technical equipment. The main target of this programme is intangible, namely the realisation of mentoring participants who are able to understand the concept and create electronic modules for interactive learning.

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of multiplication board media in mathematics learning on students' understanding of multiplication concepts in grade IV of elementary school. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method conducted in several elementary schools. Data were collected through observation, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation of learning activities. The results of the study indicate that the use of multiplication board media can improve students' understanding of multiplication concepts. Students who initially had difficulty memorizing multiplication tables showed significant progress after using this media, as seen from their ability to work on multiplication problems faster and more accurately. In addition, the use of this media also increased student involvement and motivation in learning. Teachers reported that the multiplication board media made it easier for them to explain multiplication concepts in a more concrete and visual way, and increased student participation in class. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of multiplication board media in mathematics learning can be an effective alternative to improve students' understanding of multiplication material. This media not only makes mathematics learning more interesting, but also strengthens the basic concepts of mathematics taught in elementary school.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays an important role in the formation of students' character and understanding of religious teachings. However, in practice, not a few students face difficulties in understanding PAI material, both in terms of cognitiveness and affective. These difficulties can be caused by a variety of factors, such as differences in academic ability, lack of motivation, or socio-cultural problems. Therefore, the right strategy from PAI teachers in overcoming learning difficulties is very necessary. This article aims to identify various strategies that PAI teachers can apply to help students overcome learning difficulties. Based on a literature review, there are several approaches that have proven to be effective, including the use of varied learning methods, the use of educational technology, the provision of intensive guidance, and the strengthening of student motivation and character. In addition, the importance of constructive evaluation and feedback in the learning process is also one of the keys in improving the effectiveness of PAI learning. By implementing these strategies, it is hoped that the learning difficulties faced by students can be overcome, and the quality of PAI learning can be improved.

The purpose of implementing Community Service (PkM) is to overcome the problems faced by community service partners, namely difficulties in learning accounting for class XII SOS students at SMAK St. Darius Larantuka. This activity is also a follow-up to the previous study entitled "Analysis of Difficulties in Learning Accounting for the Sub-Material of Service Company Worksheets for Class XII SOS Students at SMAK St. Darius Larantuka in the 2024/2025 Academic Year". The form of community service carried out is training and assistance in compiling worksheets for service companies. The participants involved were 20 students from class XII SOS 2. This activity was carried out in three stages, namely: 1) delivery of material regarding worksheets for service companies, 2) practice of compiling worksheets, and 3) evaluation of work results. The material was delivered collaboratively by the economics subject teacher, Mr. Abel Andisolo Sogen, S.Pd, and the community service lecturer, Mrs. Maria Fatima B. Beribe, M.Pd. In the practice stage, participants were asked to compile worksheets based on the case studies that had been submitted. During this process, participants were assisted by the service team until they achieved the expected results. To measure the participants' abilities and skills in compiling working papers, they were then asked to complete different case study questions independently. The results of the participants' work were analyzed using qualitative analysis methods, which showed an increase in understanding and skills during independent practice compared to during mentoring. This is reflected in the scores obtained by the participants, which ranged from 85 to 95, and reached the target of 90% of what the service team wanted. However, there were several participants who had difficulty in compiling working papers due to lack of accuracy in the calculations, so that the calculation results in the Balance Sheet column were not balanced.

This research is based on the fact that feelings of anxiety, sadness, low self-esteem, anger, and doubt are all factors that greatly influence the effectiveness of students' Arabic learning. Apart from that, students' behavior is also greatly influenced by their mood; some students have problems outside of school, such as in the family and community, so they are not motivated to study and learn more. The aim of this research is to determine how much influence mental health has on how well students learn Arabic. The research instrument was tested on 25 students, so the author took a sample of 100% of the population so that the sample size was 25 students. The research results showed that the correlation test obtained was 0.748 with a significance of 0.000. This means that there is a positive correlation between mental health and student learning effectiveness with a good relationship level because P < 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). Meanwhile, the T test (Hypothesis) T count is 15,465 while the T table is 2,069, meaning 15,466 > 2,069, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is an influence of mental health on the effectiveness of students' Arabic learning.    

This study aims to explore the role of entrepreneurship-based social studies learning in building the independent character of 5th grade elementary school students. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines the impact of implementing entrepreneurial learning in the context of social studies on the development of students' independent attitudes, social skills, and ability to innovate. Data were obtained through literature review and content analysis of various relevant literatures, as well as observation of entrepreneurship learning practices in elementary schools. The results show that entrepreneurship-based social studies learning significantly contributes to improving students' independent character, including the ability to make decisions, manage resources, and innovate in solving problems. In addition, this learning also strengthens students' social skills, such as cooperation, communication and leadership. This research suggests that entrepreneurship-based social studies learning should be further expanded at the primary school level to support better development of students' independent character and prepare them to face future social and economic challenges.  

This research seeks to identify the sources and locations of arithmetic learning challenges related to integer counting operations. Class VI, which is the focus of this study, has an average math score that is lower than the KKM. Methods such as tests, observations, and interviews are used to gather data. Students' mastery of the topic of whole number counting operations was assessed using the test technique, which consisted of a 10-question essay. Finding out how the subject is doing during math learning activities and what variables could influence math learning are both accomplished via the use of the observation technique. The purpose of the interview was to get a clear understanding of the challenges that students have while studying the content for integer counting operations. Fifty percent of students had trouble with skills, 23.3% had trouble with ideas, and 20% had trouble with problem solving, according to the data from the final analysis. This includes students in the adequate group. Teachers are encouraged to shape mathematics teaching patterns based on more than just pupils' problem-solving abilities. More significant, however, is figuring out how to encourage pupils to comprehend and fully grasp current ideas so that they do not have any trouble understanding mathematics.