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The implementation of active learning models such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Project-Based Learning (PjBL) at the junior high school level is often constrained by the complexity of instructional time management. This study aims to examine the role of the principal’s instructional leadership in addressing time management dilemmas in the implementation of active learning at SMP Negeri 6 Panyabungan. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method was employed in this study. Data were collected through non-participant observation and in-depth interviews with key informants, namely the school principal and an Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teacher selected as representatives of field conditions. The findings reveal three main results. First, teachers’ time management constraints are caused by weak control of learning activity transitions, noisy classroom conditions during group division, and low initial student learning readiness. Second, the principal implemented several concrete interventions, including the adoption of block scheduling, clinical supervision focused on classroom management, and the optimization of the Subject Teacher Forum (MGMP) or school learning community. Third, these interventions improved teachers’ instructional efficiency, strengthened classroom activity control, and created a more structured active learning process. However, sustainability challenges remain, particularly resistance from senior teachers who tend to prefer conventional teaching methods. This study concludes that adaptive and solution-oriented instructional leadership is a key factor in addressing the complexity of time management constraints in active learning implementation.

21st-century skills are a crucial aspect that students must master, equipping them to face the challenges of modern development. In history learning, the use of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is considered a powerful tool for transforming learning from rote memorization to active, problem-solving-based learning. This study aims to analyze the role of PBL in enhancing 21st-century skills in history learning through the Problem-Based Learning (SLR) approach. The research method used in this study is the SLR with a prism procedure. The data were obtained from a search of scientific articles through Google Scholar using the keywords Problem-Based Learning, 21st-Century Skills, and history learning. From the initial 2,540 articles obtained, after screening based on relevance, quality, and year range, six key articles were obtained. The study results indicate that PBL is effective in enhancing 21st-century skills through discussions, historical source analysis, and contextual problem-solving. This approach is considered appropriate for the curriculum because it encourages student-centered learning, rather than teacher-centered learning. Although PBL still faces several challenges in its implementation, it remains a relevant and effective learning strategy for developing 21st-century skills.

This community service activity aims to improve the understanding and readiness of Elementary School Teacher Education (PGSD) students in taking the Learning Strategy course. The activity focused on introducing the basic concepts of learning strategies, the use of various innovative learning methods, and the integration of technology in the learning process. The target of the activity was PGSD students who were about to start the Learning Strategy course. The implementation method of the activity included material delivery, interactive discussions, and filling out a questionnaire to identify students' perceptions, initial experiences, and expectations of the Learning Strategy course. This activity was attended by 84 students at the beginning of the lecture. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively to describe the level of understanding and needs of students. The results of the activity showed that students generally had a basic understanding of learning strategies, but there were still variations in learning method preferences and levels of readiness in using technology. Problem-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning were perceived as effective and engaging methods, although students still faced obstacles in time management and differences in learning styles. This activity made a positive contribution in raising students' awareness of the importance of selecting appropriate learning strategies. This community service activity recommended the need to strengthen more adaptive, innovative, and inclusive learning through technology integration and attention to the diversity of student learning styles in the implementation of the Learning Strategy course.

This study aims to analyze the obstacles in Social Studies (IPS) learning related to global issues influenced by technological advancement through a literature review method. Social Studies plays an essential role in shaping students’ understanding of social, economic, cultural, and political life while fostering global awareness in the digital era. However, in practice, IPS learning often faces various challenges that reduce its effectiveness and attractiveness. One of the main problems is students ’low interestin IPS, as it is often perceived as boring and overly theoretical, combined with the influence of technology that diverts students’ attention toward digital entertainment. Other contributing factors include non-interactive teaching methods, limited learning facilities, unconducive classroom environments, and a lack of parental support. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study found that relevant strategies to overcome these issues include Project-Based Learning, Technology Integration, and Contextual Approaches. These strategies enable students to learn actively, critically, and collaboratively by linking IPS material to global issues and real-world phenomena. The recommended solutions include implementing project-based education, utilizing interactive digital media, and fostering intercultural dialogue within the learning process. The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of adaptive IPS learning models in response to technological progress, as well as practical benefits for teachers, schools, and policymakers in creating Social Studies learning that is engaging, meaningful, and relevant to the global challenges of the 21st century.

The rapid development of digital technology highlights the importance of introducing computational thinking skills from an early age, including at the elementary school level. One effective approach to introducing basic programming concepts is through block-based coding learning media that are visual, interactive, and engaging. This community service activity aimed to improve elementary school students’ understanding and interest in basic coding through hands-on training using block-based coding media. The program was implemented with sixth-grade students at Yayasan Kemala Bhayangkari 1 Medan. The activity employed a hands-on training approach consisting of several stages, including an introduction to basic coding concepts, familiarization with the Blockly Games interface, and practical exercises involving puzzle and maze challenges designed to develop logical thinking, sequencing, and problem-solving skills. The evaluation was conducted through direct observation of student participation and assessment of students’ ability to complete the given challenges. The results demonstrated that the use of Blockly Games effectively increased students’ enthusiasm, active engagement, and understanding of basic programming logic. Students who initially perceived programming as difficult showed greater interest and confidence due to the colorful, visual block-based instructions that were easy to understand and enjoyable. This community service activity is expected to serve as an effective introductory model for coding education and to support the development of digital literacy among elementary school students.

The Muhammadiyah Orphanage in Pamekasan faces major challenges in developing life skills and digital education for its children due to limited facilities, teaching staff, and conventional learning methods. To address these issues, an edutainment-based approach and digital pedagogy intervention were implemented to enhance learning quality, motivation, and preparedness for future social and technological challenges. The activities included workshops and training on Digital Pedagogy and Edutainment learning materials, as well as simulations and role-plays using a Game-Based Learning approach, followed by evaluations and participant plan presentations. The program significantly improved the wards’ digital literacy, particularly in personal security (online safety), digital ethics (cyber ethics), gadget usage, and information management, with the average score rising from 2.84 to 4.10 on a 5-point scale, surpassing the target of 75% of participants in the “good” category. Beyond cognitive aspects, the program also boosted motivation, engagement, communication, problem-solving, and independence. Caregiver training was also provided to ensure program sustainability. It is recommended that the orphanage integrate the Game-Based Learning Digital Safety module into its non-formal curriculum, enhance caregiver capacity through advanced training, and improve IT infrastructure.

This community service activity aims to strengthen the role of higher education institutions in preserving local culture through the revitalization of cultural arts learning based on local wisdom, particularly traditional Nias carving art. The main problems faced by the partners include the limited availability of contextual cultural arts learning, minimal integration of traditional art practices into university courses, and students’ low understanding of the philosophical values embedded in Nias carving motifs. The implementation method employs a participatory–educational approach consisting of preparation, socialization, theoretical and practical training, intensive mentoring, and evaluation stages. This activity involves students and lecturers as participants as well as agents of cultural preservation. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge of the symbolic meanings of Nias carving motifs, their basic skills in designing and drawing carving motifs, and their appreciative attitudes toward the preservation of local cultural arts. This activity contributes to the strengthening of cultural arts learning in higher education and has the potential to serve as a sustainable model of community service based on local culture.

The rapid development of technology in today's era requires every profession to align with existing developments. The teaching profession is no exception. Teachers must be able to utilize technology in the learning process to create an engaging learning environment for students. To support this capability, training is essential. This community service activity aims to provide training to teachers at Bancong  Elementary School in Wonoasri District, Madiun Regency, to familiarize themselves with and be able to use the GeoGebra application. This training also aims to improve teachers' competency in utilizing digital technology as a learning medium. The GeoGebra application is an effective application for solving mathematics problems in elementary schools, particularly in geometry, particularly plane figures. The implementation method for this activity includes preparation, training, and mentoring. The training was provided in the form of workshops and hands-on practice using GeoGebra-based mathematics learning media. The activity proceeded orderly and smoothly, and the training participants understood the material well, both theoretically and in practice.

The low effectiveness of student organizational performance in designing and managing structured work programs presents a major challenge to strengthening the leadership culture at MTsN 1 Probolinggo. This community service program aims to enhance students’ managerial and leadership capacities through performance mentoring for the Intra-Madrasah Student Organization (OSIM), based on innovations in learning management. The methods employed include training sessions, workshops, and continuous mentoring, all designed collaboratively with school stakeholders. The activity stages began with a needs analysis and problem mapping, followed by the development of training modules, the implementation of organizational management training, and interactive workshops aimed at developing adaptive and applicable work programs. The proposed solutions encompass strengthening foundational understanding of organizational management, enhancing the role of members in program planning, and facilitating the implementation of OSIM activities that support the creation of an active learning environment. Evaluation was carried out through pre-tests and post-tests to measure comprehension improvement, field activity observations, and assessments of work program achievement. The results indicate significant improvements in participants’ cognitive and practical skills, particularly in the planning, execution, and evaluation of OSIM programs that are now more structured and goal-oriented. In conclusion, this community service activity successfully reinforced student leadership competencies through an innovative approach to managing student organizations, while also promoting the development of a sustainable culture of collaborative work. Based on the outcomes, it is recommended that this mentoring model be replicated in other madrasahs and that OSIM leadership development programs be systematically integrated into extracurricular curricula to ensure the continuity and expansion of the positive impacts achieved

This study explores the alignment between science learning practices and children’s cognitive development stages based on Jean Piaget’s theory. Ten academic publications were systematically reviewed to examine how Piaget’s framework can be applied in science education. The findings highlight that integrating cognitive development theory is highly relevant for improving the quality of teaching and learning in schools. At the concrete operational stage (approximately 7–11 years), children learn best through direct experiences, manipulation of real objects, contextual media, and experiments that connect concepts with daily life. These methods help foster curiosity and reinforce conceptual understanding. As learners progress to the formal operational stage (around 11 years and above), they begin to think abstractly, reason logically, and analyze critically. At this level, student-centered approaches, inquiry-based methods, and constructivist learning become more effective in enhancing problem-solving, creativity, and higher-order thinking skills. The review also indicates that adapting instruction to developmental stages supports more meaningful and sustainable learning outcomes. In the Indonesian educational context, this approach can address challenges such as limited classroom facilities, diverse student learning styles, and a curriculum that is often overloaded. By applying Piaget’s insights, teachers can design learning strategies that bridge abstract concepts with concrete understanding, thus increasing student motivation and engagement. In conclusion, aligning science education with Piaget’s cognitive stages is an effective way to improve student performance and ensure long-term academic growth. The study provides valuable input for teachers, researchers, and policymakers in developing innovative, student-centered science and mathematics education.

This community service activity aims to optimize the understanding and skills of elementary school (SD) teachers in Tarik District in implementing innovative learning based on deep learning. The concept of deep learning in the context of education does not solely refer to the use of technology, but also includes a deep, reflective, and meaningful learning approach. Through this approach, teachers are expected to be able to create a learning environment that encourages students to think critically, creatively, and be able to collaborate effectively. This activity was attended by 34 elementary school teachers from eight schools in the Tarik District area. In addition to providing training related to deep learning concepts and strategies, such as project-based learning and problem-based learning, this activity also introduced the use of OLabs (Online Labs), which is a virtual laboratory platform that can be accessed for free and is specifically designed to support the implementation of online experimental learning. The use of OLabs provides an efficient and flexible alternative, especially for educational units that have limited laboratory facilities. Based on the results of the evaluation, there was a significant increase in teachers' understanding of innovative learning principles, as well as a commitment to implement the approach in an adaptive manner and in accordance with the context of each school. This activity is expected to be the starting point in efforts to strengthen the pedagogic capacity of teachers, in order to support the implementation of the Independent Curriculum and answer the challenges of 21st century education.

This conceptual study examines the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PBL) model, supported by digital media tools such as Simplebooklet and Canva, in Social Studies learning for sixth-grade students at SDN 1 Bangoan. The study arises from the need for contextual, engaging, and student-centred learning as a response to the typically theoretical and less interactive nature of Social Studies instruction. Through the integration of digital media, students can engage in meaningful projects that foster critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and digital literacy. The learning process includes stages such as problem formulation, project planning, product development, and reflection. This study presents a conceptual overview showing that implementing the PjBL model with the support of Simplebooklet and Canva can enhance student engagement and strengthen understanding of the subject matter.

The problems in this community service are: “Can teachers use documentary film media as a learning resource for students at SMA Negeri 6 Palu? The objectives that can be achieved in this service are: (1). Documentary films are well documented and are expected to be a learning resource for students at SMA Negeri 3 Palu, (2) Documentary films can be a source of inspiration for history teachers both in teaching and in making teaching materials, (3) Documentary films can be well selected, which are adapted to subject matter based on the curriculum used. Assistance to the target audience, namely teachers and students to assist in utilizing documentary film learning media as a learning resource for History at SMA Negeri 3 Palu. The hope to be achieved through this community service is that teachers and students can benefit from the use of documentary film learning media in the learning process to improve the quality of both teaching and learning.

The improvement of primary education quality has become a major focus in modern education. This study employs a literature review method to explore the application of the Project-Based Learning (PJBL) model in enhancing creativity and learning outcomes among elementary school students. The findings from various studies indicate that PJBL fosters critical and creative thinking, engages students actively, and promotes effective collaboration and communication. Furthermore, PJBL has proven to significantly improve learning outcomes by integrating real-world problem-solving with academic knowledge. This research concludes that PJBL is an effective, interactive, and innovative approach to create meaningful learning experiences. Recommendations include equipping teachers with proper training and resources to implement PJBL successfully in elementary.

This problem is motivated by the low understanding of students' mathematical concepts in Mathematics subjects at SDN 005 Laggini, Bangkinang District, Kampar Regency City. One solution to overcome this problem is to use a learning modelIndex Card Match. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the Index Card Match strategy on students' mathematics learning activities in Class V of State Elementary School 005 Laggini, Bangkinang City. This research method is experimental research. The type of research used in this research is pre-test-post test group quasi-experimental design. This research involved fifth grade students at SDN 005 Laggini. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The total sample in this study was 63 people who were divided into two classes, namely 32 people from class V A as the experimental class and 31 people from class V B as the control class. The data collected in this study was analyzed using the t-test. Based on the results of statistical calculations, the t-table value was 1.666 and the t-count value was 2.003, which shows that the t-count value was greater than the t table (2.003 > 1.674). Next, based on the independent sample t-test on the p-value or sig. (2-tailed) is 0.005. These results reject the null hypothesis (H0), and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. So it can be concluded that the application of learning strategiesIndex Card Match in the experimental class it can influence learning activities better than the application of the lecture method in the control class.

The development of information technology has had a major impact on the world of education, especially for prospective teachers and students interacting in the teaching and learning process. However, in many educational units, the utilization of educational learning technology is not fully optimal. This study serves to analyze the effect of technology-based learning media utilization on student learning outcomes at SMKN 4 Medan. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods through interviews with the principal, one teacher, and three students. The interview instrument consisted of ten questions designed to explore the use, constraints, and impact of technology in the learning process. The results show that the school has provided technological facilities and encouraged teachers to utilize them, although not all teachers are able to integrate technological media to the fullest. Teachers acknowledge that digital media helps solve educational problems that occur at SMKN 4 Medan. From the students' side, technology-based learning is interesting and helps understanding, but there are still obstacles in the availability of devices and distraction of learning focus.

This problem is motivated by the low understanding of students' mathematical concepts in Mathematics subjects at SDN 005 Laggini, Bangkinang District, Kampar Regency City. One solution to overcome this problem is to use a learning modelIndex Card Match. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the Index Card Match strategy on students' mathematics learning activities in Class V of State Elementary School 005 Laggini, Bangkinang City. This research method is experimental research. The type of research used in this research is pre-test-post test group quasi-experimental design. This research involved fifth grade students at SDN 005 Laggini. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The total sample in this study was 63 people who were divided into two classes, namely 32 people from class V A as the experimental class and 31 people from class V B as the control class. The data collected in this study was analyzed using the t-test. Based on the results of statistical calculations, the t-table value was 1.666 and the t-count value was 2.003, which shows that the t-count value was greater than the t table (2.003 > 1.674). Next, based on the independent sample t-test on the p-value or sig. (2-tailed) is 0.005. These results reject the null hypothesis (H0), and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. So it can be concluded that the application of learning strategiesIndex Card Match in the experimental class it can influence learning activities better than the application of the lecture method in the control class.  

This article discusses the challenges of implementing the Merdeka Learning Curriculum in mathematics education at secondary schools. The study aims to identify the obstacles faced by educators in applying this curriculum, including teacher readiness, infrastructure, and project-based learning methods. Through literature review, it was found that many teachers struggle to understand the new curriculum concepts and access digital learning platforms. Additionally, limitations in facilities and government policies deemed overly prescriptive also pose significant hurdles. Nevertheless, the Merdeka Curriculum offers opportunities to enhance educational quality through a more flexible approach. This research provides recommendations for evaluation and increased training for teachers to support more effective implementation. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for educators and policymakers in optimizing the application of the Merdeka Curriculum in Indonesia.

Education is the main pillar in nation building, where teachers play a central role in determining the success of the learning process. However, in the modern era, challenges related to teachers' competence and creativity in managing the classroom and creating a conducive learning climate are still problems that need to be overcome. This study aims to analyze the role, function, and competence of teachers in achieving national education goals through a qualitative approach with the literature review method. Data was collected from accredited journal articles indexed in SINTA, with a publication range of 2020-2024, using the Publish or Perish (POP) tool. The results show that professional teachers need to master the material, teaching methods, and understand the needs of students to create an effective learning environment. In addition, teachers' creativity and innovation in managing the classroom and the integration of technology in learning are key factors in improving the quality of education. However, there is still a gap between theory and practice, especially in the application of character-based learning approaches, Islamic values, and inclusive classroom management. This study recommends the need for teacher training and competency development, especially in the use of technology and varied learning approaches, to create a more conducive and inclusive learning climate.    

This community service programme aims to improve teachers' understanding and skills in managing interactive learning media to increase student engagement in the learning process at SMAN 17 Lamuru, Bone Regency. Based on the results of the need assessment and situation analysis, it was found that the partners experienced several problems, including the lack of teacher understanding of information technology, the low ability of teachers to implement online learning, and the lack of knowledge about interactive learning media. This activity was attended by 25 participants and was carried out using various methods, such as lectures, questions and answers, discussions, brainstorming, demonstrations, and direct practice of online-based interactive learning media management. The materials provided were arranged in accordance with the objectives of the mentoring, and supported by instruments such as mentoring modules, observation sheets, participant satisfaction questionnaires, activity documentation, and other technical equipment. The main target of this programme is intangible, namely the realisation of mentoring participants who are able to understand the concept and create electronic modules for interactive learning.