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This research is a development research that aims to develop PBL-based chemistry learning E-Modules on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials that are valid, practical and effective for use in the learning process. The development model used in this study refers to the Hannafin and Peck development model which consists of 3 stages, namely: (1) needs analysis (Needs Assessment), design stage (Design), and development/implementation stage (Develop and Implementation). This learning E-Module has gone through the validation stage by validators/experts and has gone through small-scale trials and field trials so as to produce a learning E-Module that is valid, practical and effective. Based on the results of data analysis, the average validity of the material was 0.91 and the validity of the media was 0.92 and was in the valid category. The practicality of the E-Module is obtained from the assessment of observers by 100% being in the very practical category, teacher responses of 94.64% and being in the very practical category, and student responses of 91% and being in the practical category. The effectiveness of the E-Module was obtained by 86.36% of students who achieved learning completeness scores. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the development of PBL-based chemistry learning E-Modules on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials developed was valid, practical and effective for use in learning.

Drinking water produced by drinking water depots (DAM) is an alternative to meeting the drinking water needs of the community. Practicality and relatively cheaper prices when compared to bottled drinking water, become the main attraction for the community to consume drinking water produced by DAM. This study aims to determine the description of sanitation and bacteriological quality in refill drinking water depots in Kebun Cengkeh, Batu Merah Village, Sirimau Kecematan, Ambon City. The type of research used in this study is descriptive which aims to determine the content of E.coli bacteria and sanitation conditions at refill drinking water depots in Kebun Cengkeh, Batu Merah Village, Sirimau District, Ambon City. The population in this sample is the entire drinking water in all refill depots located in Kebun Cengkeh, Batu Merah Village, Sirimau District, Ambon City. The sample in this study was a portion of the refill drinking water depot. The results showed that 3 DAMIUs had a total score of <70 for sanitary inspection assessment and 3 DAMIUs contained E. coli >0 MPN/100 ml. 3 DAMIUs did not meet the sanitary inspection requirements and 3 DAMIUs did not meet the bacteriological requirements.

One of the media used by PAI teachers at SDN Pakan Labuh 03 is Student Worksheets (LKPD) in learning, especially in Islamic Religious Education lessons. The teacher only gives an explanation of the material then practices the prayer movement directly, then evaluates it. This teaching method is considered inappropriate, because there are still many students who have difficulty understanding the concept of good and correct movement according to Islamic law. The existence of the development of LKPD into e-LKPD that supports the learning of Islamic Religious Education prayer practice materials with the aim of this research is to produce valid, practical, and effective e-LKPD to train students' prayer movements (psychomotor) according to Islamic law on prayer practice material.This research is a development research which has 4 stages, namely: define stage, design stage and develop stage, socialization stage. The research instrument uses product tests, namely: product validity test, product practicality test, and product effectiveness test. The E-LKPD was validated by three validators, namely one media lecturer, one PAI lecturer, and one PAI teacher. At the practicality stage, e-LKPD as a learning resource for prayer practices was tested on fifth grade students at SD Negeri 03 Pakan Labuh.The results of this study are E-LKPD with the support of Liveworksheet and Canva Apps get a final validation value of 0.84, a final practicality value of 0.85 and a final effectiveness value of 0.86. It can be concluded that the development of E-LKPD as a Learning Resource for Prayer Practices at SD Negeri 03 Pakan Labuh is very valid, very practical and very effective to use. E-LKPD can increase teacher creativity, so that ELKPD will look interactive, fun and attract students' learning interest. Interactive E-LKPD is synonymous with sheets in the form of student practice questions done through digital media that meet standards, are practical, and are easily accessible.

This research is development research which aims to develop a learning E-Module using a guided inquiry model in reaction rate material to determine the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the E-Module. The development model used in this research uses the ADDIE development model which consists of 5 stages, namely Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. This E-module has gone through a validation stage by validators/experts and has gone through food trials, resulting in an E-Module that is valid, practical and effective. The results of the research are 1) E-Module validity assessment by material experts obtained a score of 0.77% in the medium validity category, and media experts obtained a score of 0.81% in the high validity category; 2) the assessment of the practicality of the e-module in student responses obtained a score of 83.75% and teachers who obtained a score of 94.64% were categorized as very practical; 3) The assessment of the effectiveness of the E-Module was seen from the learning results test on 20 students and received a score of 94% so it was categorized as very effective. The conclusion is that the development of a learning E-Module using a guided inquiry model in reaction rate material is valid, practical and effective for use in learning.

The research methodology used by researchers in this research is a research and development approach. The researchers in this study used a research plan that combines a three-dimensional model consisting of four different development stages: Define, Design, and Develop. The participants involved in this research were class VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Teriak. The method used in selecting the sample used a purposive sampling technique. Purposive sampling is a sampling technique that involves deliberate selection based on certain reasons. Researchers use many data collection strategies, including indirect communication tactics and measurement techniques. The data collection methods used in this research include the use of validation sheets, questionnaires, and assessment of mathematical understanding abilities. Based on the results of the discussion in this research, it can be concluded that the level of validity of interactive video learning media in the form of animated videos on relationship and function material based on direct instruction can be classified as valid with a percentage of 85.27%, the level of practicality obtained is 90.58% with very practical and high level criteria. The effectiveness obtained was 80.76% with effective criteria.

This research aims to ensure accuracy, ease of use, and effectiveness in the learning module development process which aims to increase understanding of the content of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945). In this research, research and development (R&D) methods are used using the ADDIE development model, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. In the research results, it is known that the results of expert validation of teaching materials obtained a score of 96% and validation of material experts obtained a score of 91%. In the practicality results obtained from the response questionnaire to teachers and students after using the teaching modules used, the practicality results for teachers were 94% and students were 98%. In the results of its effectiveness by giving evaluation questions to class X students, an average of 83.7 was obtained, while the KKM for class The results of this research show that the learning module that has been created meets the third evaluation standard, namely validity, ease of use, and effectiveness.

This research aims to determine the validity, practicality, effectiveness and how the students' answers process in completing the conceptual understanding ability test of the developed Articulate Storyline. This type of research is ADDIE model development research. The subjects of this research were 15 students in class VIII-2. The research results showed that the validity of the media was 85% before revision and 98% after revision from material experts and 61.67% before revision and 98% after revision from media experts on very valid criteria. The practicality of the media has met practical criteria, based on teacher responses obtained at 100% and from student responses obtained at 92.36%. The effectiveness of the media has met the effective criteria in terms of classical student learning completeness reaching 86.67%, use of research time in accordance with the RPP, and student response of 91.67%. The N-Gain test result is 0.70 in the high category. For the student answer process on the ability test (pre-test) it was 38.89%, increasing to 46.67% on the final ability test (post-test). Increasing students' ability to understand mathematical concepts strengthens the development of Articulate Storyline mathematics learning media in the classroom learning process.

The problem in this research is the lack of enthusiasm of students in the learning process, students are lazy to open printed books, lazy to go to the library, limited learning references. The purpose of this study was to describe the Pai learning process, the validity and practicality of developing teaching materials in the form of Reading Literacy Development in Islamic Religious Education Subjects Based on Instagram Social Media in Class X SMA N 3 Panyabung. The method used in this research is research and development. With a 4D approach (Define, Design, Developed, Disseminate). Reading Literacy in Islamic Religious Education Subjects Based on Instagram Social Media in Class X SMA N 3 Panyabung was declared valid by both validators with an overall percentage score of 82.5% being very valid from the two validators. Based on the results of the questionnaire analysis of students' responses to the practicality of using reading literacy in the Pai subject, it was found that this media was practically used in learning with an overall acquisition of 85%. The item statement obtained an average questionnaire value of 84.63%. with very practical information. Based on the results of the validity and practicality that has been carried out by researchers on reading literacy in Pai learning based on Instagram social media for class X SMA 3 Panyabungan can be used in the learning process.

The aim of the research is to develop learning media in the form of electronic modules that are suitable for high school students to use. The development of this e-module product also aims to improve understanding of the material. This type of research is included in research and development. The research stages using the ADDIE model consist of: (1) needs analysis and material analysis stage, (2) design stage for making e-modules, (3) development stage by carrying out material validation and media validation, (4) implementation stage by carrying out tests extensive and limited testing, (5) evaluation stage. The research subjects for the limited test were 7 students of class XI IPS 2 and the broad test involved 36 students of class XI IPS 3. The data collection technique used was observation and using questionnaires and tests. The research data analysis technique goes through stages: (1) validity analysis, (2) practicality analysis, (3) effectiveness analysis, (4) gain test. The research results show that the e-module developed is suitable for use and can be said to be able to improve understanding of the material. Based on the research results, it shows that: (1) the average media expert score is 3.504 in the "very valid" category and the average material expert score is 3.22 in the "valid" category, (2) student questionnaire responses in limited trials with an average of an average of 3.14 is included in the "practical" category and the test response is broad with an average of 3.42 and is included in the "very practical" category, (3) the calculation of learning completeness reaches 75%, which is included in the "good" criteria, (4) The average gain test score was 0.5367 in the "medium" category.

The aim of this research is to prove the validity and practicality of the electronics modules that use KviSoft Flip Book Maker. The study was conducted at the 9th Luwu North State High School with a 4D model: (1) Phase Definition, (2) Design Phase, (3) Phase Development, and (4) Phase Distribution.After the development of electronic modules using 4D models, the next step is validity and practicality. Specifically, (1) the results of the validation of the electronic product module from the material expert show 100% presentation and belong to a very valid category; (2) the verification results from the media expert show 68% and are belonging to a good or valid Category; and (3) the validity results from a linguist show 82% and come from the category ve (4) In the electronic practicality test of the elevation module, the student's answers are based on calculations of the IF formula using Microsoft Excel. For example, the material aspect receives 3,06 with a good or valid category, the media aspect receivers 3,05 with a well or valid Category, the language aspect receiving 4, 58 with a very good or very valid Category; the illustration aspect receves 2,52 with a valid Category or Aspect, and the instruction unit receives 2,52 of a valid category or Aspects. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the electronic learning module of the Islamic educational material uses valid social media and can be used as a learning medium in practice.

This research was carried out to provide support for learning that develops technology in the learning process of students in schools, especially vocational schools, in order to overcome the low effectiveness of practical learning skills that has occurred in productive subjects. The aim of this research is to prepare an electronic practical worksheet (Jobsheet) that can be proven to be practical, valid & effective in improving students' practical learning skills in vocational schools. This research uses the applied Research and Development method. The target of this research is class X students at An Nur Vocational School. Those related to this research are: material, media and language experts. This research has produced valid, practical and effective products in the development of portfolio-based problem based learning to improve critical thinking skills and democratic attitudes. to improve critical thinking skills and democratic attitudes. Validation from material experts obtained a value of 87.2, media experts 87.1 and language experts 88.3 so that the product developed was in the very valid category, with a practicality level of 83.4 classified as very practical, and effective in improving product assembly with a calculated value > ttable, namely 16.491 > 2.015 or < 0.05.

This study aims to design, develop, and test the feasibility, practicality and effectiveness of papan huruf geser media in the early reading skills of class I theme 3 sub-theme 1 at SDN 044845 Payanderket in Indonesian. The problem in this study is that the learning media used in reading activities are inadequate, the learning methods used in reading activities are less varied and students do not play an active role in the learning process. Researchers use development research (Research and Development) according to Thiagarajan, namely the 4D model (Define, Design, Development, Dessemination). The subjects in this research were class I students at SDN 044845 Payanderket and the research object was the papan huruf geser media. Data collection techniques use questionnaires and learning outcomes tests. The results of the media validation test for media experts obtained a percentage of 98.21% in the "Very Eligible" category, and material validation by material experts obtained a percentage of 93.75% in the "Very Eligible" category. The practicality test by educational practitioners obtained a percentage of 97.2% in the "Very Feasible" category. Media effectiveness test results were obtained through pretest and posttest. The average score of the students from the pretest was 49.67 with a completeness percentage of 19.35% in the "Not Effective" category, while the average score from the posttest results was 82.25 with a percentage of 93.54% in the "Very Effective" category. From the results obtained, it shows that the papan huruf geser media that is appropriate, practical and effective can be used as a supporting medium in learning to read beginning in elementary schools.    

This research aims to produce a product in the form of problem-based learning worksheets (LKPD) that is valid, practical, and effective to improve students' mathematical problem solving skills. This research is designed based on the stages of the 4-D development model by Thiagarajan, Semmel, and Semmel which are adapted into 3-D including the stages of define, design, and develop. The subjects in this study were 31 students of grade VII-4 SMP Negeri 2 Percut Sei Tuan. Based on the research that has been conducted, the validity of the developed LKPD obtained an average percentage of assessment of 84.1% by experts with qualifications classified as very valid. Through the LKPD practicality questionnaire by teachers and students, an average percentage of assessment was obtained of 90% by teachers and 93.6% by students with qualifications classified as very practical to be used in the learning process. The implementation of learning with the application of problem-based learning LKPD has been carried out to see the effectiveness of  LKPD with assessment references that are determined to obtain results, namely for the completeness of classical learning reaching 83.9%, the achievement of learning objectives is achieved in question points 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the achievement of efficient learning time or does not exceed ordinary learning. From the three references for assessing effectiveness, the LKPD developed is classified as effective.  The increasing in mathematical problem solving was in the medium category with an average gain score of 0.60. Based on the research acquisition data, it is concluded that the problem-based learning LKPD developed in this study has met valid, practical, and effective qualifications.

This study focuses on analyzing the validity of developing learning media, knowing the practicality and effectiveness of developing Canva-based scrapbook learning media on the theme 8 sub-themes 1 learning 4 class V SD Negeri 16 Urat Timur T.A 2022/2023. The problem in this study is that the learning media used in the learning process are still conventional media, the lack of use of learning media that utilizes technology, students find it difficult to understand learning material, and learning is still teacher- centered so that students are less active in the learning process. This research is a development research (Research and Development) using the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The subjects of this study were fifth grade students and the object of this research was Canva-based scrapbook learning media. The results of material validation by material experts obtained a percentage of 85% in the "Very Eligible" category and media validation by media experts obtained a percentage of 94% in the "Very Eligible" category. The practicality test by educational practitioners obtained a percentage of 98% in the "Very Practical" category. The results of the media effectiveness test through the pretest obtained an average of 53.3 with a completeness percentage of 22.2% in the "Not Effective" category while in the posttest obtained an average of 85.5 with a 100% completeness percentage in the "Very Effective" category. So it can be concluded that the developed Canva-based scrapbook learning media is feasible, practical, and effective for use in learning activities in elementary schools.

The problem in this research was the discovery of problems in the learning process, where students had minimal understanding regarding the material presented by the teacher. This research aims to determine whether concrete media development can influence students' interests, attitudes and abilities in absorbing information from the material presented by the teacher. This type of research is research and development (R&D) which aims to determine the validity and practicality of a concrete learning media in the form of congklak for fourth grade students at SD Inpres Maccini Baru, Tamalate District, Makassar City. The development model used is the ADDIE model consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation stages. The subjects in this research were 32 grade IV students at SD Inpres Maccini Baru, Tamalate District, Makassar City. The data collection technique was carried out by means of a questionnaire. The results of the validity and practicality that were developed were a media validity percentage of 81.6% with the "Valid" criteria. The results of the analysis in the field trials of students obtained a percentage of 81.17% "Valid/Practical". So it can be concluded that the concrete learning media in the form of congklak is valid and practical. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the Congklak media for class IV of SD Inpres Maccinni Baru, Tamalate District, Makassar City uses a type of practical development research.

This research is motivated by several problems that the authors found in the activities of implementing dawn education in Tanjung Pucuk Village, Jambi, Tebo Regency, to be precise in the Al-Muhajirin Mosque. The dawn education activities have not been carried out perfectly, due to the absence of proper guidelines for carrying out the dawn education activities, the dawn education teachers are often confused in carrying out the dawn education activities. In each dawn education activity there is only the activity of reading short surahs after the dawn prayer alternately, so that the dawn education activities are not interesting for the dawn students. The purpose of this study was to produce a manual for the implementation of dawn education that can be used in general in Tanjung Pucuk Jambi Village, Tebo Regency, specifically in the Al-Muhajirin Mosque, which is valid, practical, and effective for application in dawn education activities. The type of research used is Research and Development or abbreviated as R&D. The R&D model used is the Four D (4-D) version from Thiagarajan (Define, Design, Develov, Disseminate). From the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the produced Subuh Education Manual can be used and is suitable for use as a guide for teachers and students who carry out their special Subuh education activities in Jambi. The results of the validation trial by experts on the subuh education guidebook are categorized as valid with an average value of 0.81. The practicality test of the subuh education manual showed that the manual had a very high level of practicality with a value of 0.95. And the results of the manual effectiveness test have a moderate level of effectiveness with a value of 0.4.

This study aims to determine the feasibility, practicality and effectiveness of InShot application-based animated video learning media on theme 5 class II SDN 040556 Juhar. This type of research is a type of development research (Research and Development) using the 4D (Four D) development model. The instruments used are media expert validation sheets, material experts, educational practitioner assessments, student responses and tests (pre-test and post-test). The results of research related to feasibility show that the results of media expert validation fall into the "Very Feasible" category with a percentage of 93.33%.  The results of material expert validation fall into the "Very Feasible" category with a percentage of 92%. The results of the assessment of educational practitioners and student responses related to practicality fall into the "Very Practical" category with a percentage of educational practitioner assessment of 96% and student responses of 93.66%. The results of research related to effectiveness showed that the post-test results reached 80 which was included in the "Very Effective" achievement level.

As software technology becomes more complex, software maintenance costs become more expensive. In connection with this, the development of software engineering makes the software system has many Composition choices that can be adjusted to the needs of the user. Error fixing involves analyzing Error Summary and modifying code. If bug-fixing steps are made as efficiently and effectively as possible then maintenance costs can be minimal. The purpose of this research is to establish a tool of machine learning for identifying Composition Error Summary and to find out the types of special Composition choices that can be used to save costs, time, and effort. In this study, the T-test was applied to appraise the analytical implication of conduct metrics when the “F-test” was taken to the Variance’s test. Classifiers used in this study are “All words” or “AW”, “Highly Informative Words” or “H-IW”, and “Highly Informative Words plus Bigram” or “H-WB”. Identical validation and Vexed validation techniques were used to calculate the effectiveness of machine learning tools. The results of this research denote that the instrument is competent for definitive Composition Error Summary and other Composition choices for definite Error Summary. This research determines the practicality of machine learning techniques in corrective issues relevant to Error summary. The result of this study also explained that Composition/non-Composition Error Summaries have contrasting aspects that can be accomplished by machine learning devices. The advanced tool could be upgraded in some areas to create it more powerful. The array identification section of the current study has limitations, an array with different words and Composition recognition tools tend to prefer Compositions with more words, so improvements to this could implicate consideration of the semantics of Error Summary, equivalent, and use of n-grams. Also, in using the technology of machine learning and Natural Language processing some advancements to be made to the present characterization structure so for future research it is highly recommended to clear up the first’s Error Summary before operating several operations in the present study.Composition Error Summary  

This study aims to produce interactive video learning media in mathematics learning to improve students' mathematical understanding that is valid, practical and effective. This research is a development research where the research procedure uses a 4D design, namely (Define, Design, Development, and Dissemination) but this research only reaches the Development stage due to limited time, costs and research subjects. The subjects in this study were 26 class X students of SMAN 1 Nanga Tayap. The instrument used by the researcher was a validation sheet to see the validity of interactive video media, a response questionnaire was used to see the practicality of interactive video media and a pilot test was used to see the practicality of interactive video media in improving students' mathematical understanding abilities. Based on the validation of the three validators on learning interactive video media, it can be declared valid with an average index percentage of 79.69% with valid criteria. Material expert validation was declared valid with an average index percentage of 78.88% with valid criteria. Meanwhile, media expert validation was declared valid with an average percentage index of 79.28% with valid criteria. The level of practicality with an average percentage of teacher responses is 80%, with very valid criteria and an average percentage of student responses is 82.66% with very practical criteria. From the results of completing the teacher and student response questionnaire, interactive video learning media for students' mathematical understanding can be stated to be very practical for students. The level of effectiveness of students after using interactive video learning media on mathematical understanding abilities is 80.76% with very effective criteria.    

This study aims to develop and produce interactive multimedia-based mathematics learning media using Adobe Flash CS 6 software that is valid, practical, and effective. This type of research is development research which refers to the ADDIE development model. This study used research instruments, the instruments used were material validation questionnaires, media, student and teacher responses regarding practicality and regarding the effectiveness of the learning media used. This study's findings indicate that: 1) The learning media's validity score of 3.245 places it in the valid category, while the media's validity score of 3.30 places it in the very valid category. 2) In the very practical category, the practicality of learning media received a score of 3.81, and in the very practical category, student assessments received a score of 3.49. 3) Learning media have a moderate or effective effectiveness score of 0.5.