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The objective this study is to analyze the implementation of Bandung Barat Regency Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2018 about the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) originating from Bandung Barat Regency referring to the Hill and Hupe's theory of Policy Implementation. This matters all the more since the migrant worker-related cases that garner the highest volume if not interest–like illegal, clandestine worker departures, back wages, and exploitation–reflect the lack of protection systems, the unmet obligation towards the respect of individual rights and human dignity. This qualitative case study reveals key factors influencing policy implementation — low levels of socialization and knowledge about the regulation among migrant workers, absence of inter-agency coordination and poor resources for monitoring and enforcement In addition, it builds upon the variables presented by Hill and Hupe in order to present a more integrated analysis of the implementation process of the policy. These results highlight failures in the system, including the lack of inter- agency cross country collaboration and low resource allocation toward the functions that protect PMI. In light of this, the study makes a range of recommendations including for better policy socialization, improved inter-agency coordination and enforcement, and strengthening resourcing and legal compliance capabilities. Practical implications This study advances the theory of public administration and provides practical insights for policymakers, particularly for strengthening the protection of Indonesian migrant workers in an effective manner.

Legal politics is one of the central concepts in the legal system which is closely related to state policy in the formation, application and change of law. This article examines the role of legal politics in legal reform in Indonesia post-1998 reform, with a focus on the challenges faced in implementing legal policies as well as evaluating the effectiveness of the changes that have been made. This research uses a qualitative approach with analytical descriptive methods, which aims to describe how legal politics can be an instrument that determines the direction and substance of legal reform in Indonesia. The results of this research show that although there has been progress in legal reform, major challenges still exist, especially related to the implementation of legal policies which are influenced by political dynamics which do not always support the creation of an effective and just legal system.

This research analyzes the authority of local governments in ensuring aviation safety and security through the regulation of the Airport Operation Safety Zone (Kawasan Keselamatan Operasi Penerbangan/KKOP) and spatial control around airports in Indonesia. The study employs a normative juridical method by examining statutory regulations, international standards from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), as well as relevant cases in Ahmad Yani Airport Semarang, Mutiara Sis Al Jufri Airport Palu, and Supadio Airport Pontianak. The results show that the authority of local governments is strategic but not absolute; it must be harmonized with national policies and international standards. In practice, the implementation is hampered by normative and practical challenges. Normative barriers include fragmented regulations, weak regional legal instruments, and the lack of incorporation of ICAO standards into local regulations. Implementation barriers involve limited technical capacity, insufficient resources, weak supervision, and socio-economic resistance related to land use around airports. These conditions result in ineffective spatial control, which directly affects aviation safety and airport development. The study suggests strengthening local regulations through specific bylaws on KKOP that align with national and international standards, improving the technical capacity of local apparatus, integrating obstacle registry systems, and establishing compensation or relocation mechanisms for affected communities. Cross-sectoral coordination between central government, local government, airport authorities, and stakeholders is also essential to ensure consistent policy implementation. This research contributes to the development of aviation law, regional autonomy, and the improvement of public safety in Indonesia.

Violence against women is a global issue that continues to increase. SIMFONI PPA data shows an increasing trend in cases of violence against women in Indonesia, with 11,712 victims in 2023. The purpose of this study is to explain how the UPTD PPA of Blitar City implements a policy of handling services for cases of violence against women and find obstacles faced in its implementation. Talcott Parsons' structural functional theory is used to analyze how social systems function in the context of protecting women to maintain stability and balance in society. This study uses qualitative, descriptive methods with data collection techniques through participatory observation, interviews, and documentation. The results are that the UPTD provides six services for protecting women and children, namely complaints, outreach, case management, shelter, mediation, and assistance. Then referring to PERPRES No. 55 of 2024, the number of services has been increased to eleven. However, social challenges such as negative stigma and limited human resources hinder policy implementation. Therefore, UPTD PPA Kota Blitar continues to strive to provide comprehensive services by involving external parties for legal and psychological assistance which then emphasizes the importance of increasing capacity and human resources to ensure effective protection services for victims of violence at the local level.

Narcotics Abuse has become a vital problem in several countries, including Indonesia. To solve the problem, the Indonesian government has implemented various policies, including a restorative justice policy. The regulation highlighted rehabilitation, reconciliation, and reintegration for the perpetrators, victims, and community. This research aimed to evaluate the implementation of restorative justice regulation in the treatment of drug abuse in Indonesia. The descriptive qualitative method in this study was done through the analysis of literature reviews from various sources related to the application of restorative justice policy for narcotics abuse. The results showed that the implementation of restorative justice policy still got some challenges, even though the regulation was directly adopted to handle narcotics abuse. The contributed factors were the lack of understanding about narcotics abuse and society support, limited resources, and the disagreement among agencies and those factors influenced the effectiveness of the policy implementation. In conclusion, the implementation of restorative justice policy needs more attention and progress continuity, even though the policy has offered an approach that has effective potential in treating narcotics abuse. It needs great attempt to make the society understand the problem, better communication among the agencies, and the allocation of enough resources to effectively support the policy.

This research work investigates cost implication of change in Naira notes on Household and money market operators in Taraba State. The study adopted a survey research design to obtain data about practices, situations, and views through questionnaires. The number of respondents for Households and Money Market Operators is 394 and 338 respectively. The study used a simple multistage and cluster sampling method to select the sample respondents. The study employed a descriptive statistic method; simple percentages and the Chi-square (x2) statistic were used for the computation and analysis of the data collected. The study found a significant increase in general costs of household and money market operators in Taraba State between 2022 and 2023. This policy significantly affected households and money market operators in Taraba State by increasing their general costs. The study recommends that a reasonable timeline be given to the implementation period with strict monitoring and control of commercial banks to erode favoritism and corruption in the process of policy implementation. There should be stability in the maximum cash withdrawal policy from all means: Point of sale (POS), automated teller machines (ATM) over the bank counter, etc., and adequate provisions for electronic banking for rural and urban centers should be made by financial sector administrators. The government should promote ceaseless cash traceability and accountability to keep the new notes as close to the banking system as possible.