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Continuous chemical control of rat pests (Rattus spp.) can sometimes lead to resistance and resurgence problems, and even some cases of inaccurate targeting ultimately killing livestock. The idea of ​​​​repelling rats in rice fields using vibrations of crickets and other natural animals transmitted via radio has been done and the results are quite optimal for rat control, but it has not been done in corn cultivation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cat sound audio on the intensity of rat pest attacks (Rattus spp.) in corn (Zea mays L.) plantations. The research location was in a farmer's land owned by a farmer in Dagan Village, Solokuro District, Lamongan Regency. Observations were carried out on two corn fields, each measuring 1400 m2 with a distance of 1 meter between the two fields. Determination of sampling points using the diagonal method, each into 5 sub-observation plots. In each sub-plot, markers were placed as sampling points. Audio with cat and bird sounds was played continuously from 05.00 pm - 07.00 am. Observations were conducted at 7:00 a.m. at all sampling points at 30 and 60 days after planting. Observations were conducted for three days using audio and three days without audio. Damage symptoms were observed directly at each sampling point. Corn plants showing symptoms were then recorded and analyzed using the Damage Intensity formula. Observations showed that the use of cat sound audio was able to reduce the level of rat infestation. At 30 days after planting, the damage percentage was reduced by 8.33%. Meanwhile, at 60 days after planting, the damage percentage was reduced by 18.33%.

The informal institution of mutual cooperation (gotong royong) in the rice farming community in Bhera Village, Mego District, Sikka Regency, remains the main foundation of social solidarity and the sustainability of agricultural activities even though modernization and the use of labor have begun to shift traditional values. A qualitative approach with a case study method was used to explore the role, form, and meaning of mutual cooperation in agricultural practices. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies of rice farmers who are active in mutual cooperation activities. Data analysis was carried out through reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions using triangulation techniques to ensure the validity of the findings. The results show that mutual cooperation is manifested in every stage of farming, from uprooting seedlings, planting (planting), clearing weeds, to harvesting, which is carried out voluntarily and in turns through the Irutan Tradition system. This institution functions as a collective work mechanism that reduces production costs, overcomes labor shortages, and strengthens social ties between farmers. Beyond its economic function, mutual cooperation has profound social and cultural significance as a symbol of brotherhood, togetherness, and collective responsibility in maintaining the sustainability of local wisdom and the resilience of farming communities amidst social and technological change.

As a high-value crop, potatoes necessitate balanced nutrient management for optimal growth and yield. This research aimed to assess how varying applications of NPK 20-20-10 fertilizer influenced potato growth, yield, tuber quality, agronomic efficiency, and economic viability within tropical climates. The experimental setup involved a randomized complete block design, incorporating four replications across seven distinct treatments: a control, a standard inorganic fertilization regimen, and NPK 20-20-10 applied at 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 times the suggested dosage. The findings indicated that applying NPK 20-20-10 significantly enhanced several parameters, including plant height, branch count, tuber count, tuber weight, and overall yield components, when contrasted with the control group. Notably, the 1.25 times recommended dose demonstrated superior performance, leading to a 34.9% increase in tuber number and a 68.6% rise in tuber weight compared to the control. Agronomic effectiveness scores surpassed 100 for dosages ranging from 0.75 to 1.50, with the 1.25 dose registering the peak value. Economic evaluations confirmed the profitability of all NPK treatments, and the 1.25 dose yielded the most favorable R/C ratio and a net profit of IDR 29,053,400. Consequently, the recommended application for potato cultivation is 675 kg/ha of NPK 20-20-10, distributed in three equal parts at planting, four weeks post-planting, and six weeks post-planting. Thus, these results underscore that NPK 20-20-10, when applied at 1.25 times the recommended rate, presents an agronomically effective and economically sound strategy for sustainable potato farming in tropical settings.

The high-value horticulture sector has gained increasing attention in modern agricultural development, particularly in the cultivation of premium melon through greenhouse and fertigation systems. The Satria Tani Hanggawana Cooperative has initiated premium melon farming to enhance members’ income; however, investment decisions in high-value commodities require a comprehensive financial feasibility assessment to ensure business sustainability. This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of premium melon farming by examining production costs, revenue, income, and financial efficiency indicators. Using a descriptive method with qualitative and quantitative approaches, the research was conducted through direct observation and interviews in two active greenhouses. The results show that the total production cost for one planting season reached Rp20,413,750, dominated by variable costs, reflecting the intensive input requirement to maintain product quality. The total revenue of Rp33,950,000 generated a net income of Rp13,536,250, indicating that the enterprise is financially profitable. The R/C Ratio of 1.67 confirms that the business operates efficiently, while the B/C Ratio of 0.67 indicates that net benefits remain below total costs due to reduced production caused by pest disturbances. The break-even analysis further shows that actual production far exceeded the minimum threshold required to avoid losses. Overall, the findings demonstrate that premium melon farming is financially viable, yet improvements in cost management, production monitoring, and greenhouse operational efficiency are essential to enhance profitability and long-term sustainability for the cooperative.

This community service program was carried out in Karangharja Village with the aim of strengthening environmental awareness, promoting tree-planting initiatives, and establishing the foundation for household-level food security. The program employed the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach through the stages of discovery, dream, design, define, and destiny, ensuring that all activities were rooted in local potential and community participation. The results indicate an increase in residents’ involvement in reforestation, productive home-garden utilization, and stronger collaboration between village authorities, farmer groups, Islamic educational institutions, and local community organizations. Furthermore, the community began forming self-help groups to ensure sustainability, while Islamic-value-based environmental education successfully encouraged behavioral changes and early ecological awareness among children. These findings confirm that the ABCD approach is effective in enhancing community-based food security and environmental awareness.

Increasing rice production is a national strategic priority given its role in maintaining food security and economic stability in the community. This study aims to analyze strategies for increasing rice production in Indonesia through a literature review approach based on relevant scientific articles. The analysis was conducted to identify the main factors that affect rice productivity and to formulate comprehensive strategies covering aspects of cultivation technology, land and water management, institutions and extension, production risk mitigation, and socioeconomic factors. The results of the study show that modern cultivation technology, especially the use of new superior varieties, the legowo planting system, and balanced fertilization, are the main foundations for increasing productivity. However, the success of technology implementation is largely determined by stable access to water, coordination of farmer institutions, intensive extension support, and the availability of capital and supporting infrastructure. Production risks due to climate change and pest attacks also have a significant impact on yield stability, requiring integrated mitigation strategies such as simultaneous planting and strengthening of integrated pest management (IPM). Overall, this study confirms that rice production enhancement strategies must be integrative, adaptive, and sustainable by strengthening the synergy between technology, institutions, and supporting policies. These findings are expected to serve as a basis for formulating more effective agricultural policies to boost national rice production.

This research program aimed to improve farmers’ understanding of the Jajar Legowo rice planting system and to analyze the factors influencing their perceptions. The program was conducted with the Sukatani Farmer Group in Tukdana Village, Indramayu Regency, using a mixed-method approach that combined observation, interviews, and questionnaires with 30 farmers. The results showed that farmers’ knowledge of the Jajar Legowo system was relatively low (54.17%), while their attitude was in the moderate category (58.92%). Correlation analysis revealed a strong relationship between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.672), which together shaped farmers’ perceptions of the system. Further analysis indicated that only land area had a significant influence on farmers’ perceptions, while age and education level showed no significant effect. Qualitative findings also revealed that farmers’ perceptions were influenced by direct farming experience, agricultural extension activities, institutional support, and social influence from leading farmers. Based on these findings, efforts to increase the adoption of the Jajar Legowo planting system require participatory extension strategies, hands-on demonstrations, and strengthened farmer group involvement.

This study aims to improve early childhood learning activities by utilizing vacant land as a nature center at Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 50 Kindergarten, Surabaya. The underlying problem is the lack of variety in early childhood learning, which tends to be limited to the classroom and the suboptimal use of the surrounding environment as a learning resource. This study used a qualitative approach with the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, conducted in two cycles. The subjects were 15 children in Group B, characterized by active learning but limited focus on learning and environmental exploration. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, while data validity was tested through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results showed that children's learning activities increased significantly after the implementation of nature-center-based learning. Children became more active, enthusiastic, and were able to interact better with their environment and peers. Activities such as planting, watering, observing insects, and maintaining garden cleanliness provided meaningful and enjoyable learning experiences. In addition, the utilization of vacant land was an effective solution in creating a contextual and child-friendly learning atmosphere. The environment around the school was optimally utilized as a learning medium appropriate to the development of early childhood. This study concluded that the nature center significantly contributed to increasing children's learning activities. Therefore, this nature-based learning model can be recommended as an innovation in early childhood learning for other educational units. 

Air pollution is an increasingly serious environmental issue in major cities, including Serang City. The decline in air quality due to motor vehicle emissions, industrial activities, waste incineration, and the reduction of green open spaces harms public health and the environment. Polluted air can cause respiratory problems, reduce the quality of life, and threaten urban ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the level of knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors of Serang City residents regarding air pollution, as well as assess their support for air pollution control policies. The methods used include a mixed-method approach through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation. The results of the study show that the community has a good understanding of the sources of air pollution, particularly vehicle and industrial emissions. They are also aware of the impact of pollution on health, especially for children and the elderly. However, the implementation of protective behaviors such as wearing masks is not yet consistent. Some positive behaviors have begun to develop, such as not burning trash and planting plants at home. Support for pollution control policies is also high. This study emphasizes the importance of continuous education, law enforcement, and collaboration between the government, society, and environmental communities in efforts to mitigate air pollution in Serang City.  

The 2025 Independent Community Service Program (KKN) of the University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra will be held in Dalu 10A Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency. This activity aims to increase the understanding and concern of elementary school students for the environment through the natural literacy program. The educational approach is carried out through organic and inorganic waste introductions, recycling of used goods, and planting plant seeds in the school environment. In addition, students also carry out supporting activities such as financial management education, MSME promotion, and socialization of the importance of investment for students. To strengthen student understanding, the KKN team also prepared simple learning media in the form of posters and mini modules that make it easier for students to recognize the types of waste and simple steps to maintain cleanliness. The school is also involved through routine coordination to ensure the sustainability of the program after the KKN is completed. The results of the implementation show an increase in student awareness in maintaining school cleanliness, the emergence of environmentally caring behaviors, and the active involvement of the community and the school in maintaining the sustainability of the program. Overall, this KKN program has succeeded in fostering the value of social responsibility, ecological concern, and strengthening synergy between students, schools, and village communities in supporting a cleaner and more educational environment.

The 2025 Independent Community Service Program (KKN) of the University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra was held in Dalu 10A Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency. This activity aims to increase elementary school students' understanding and awareness of the environment through a nature literacy program. An educational approach was carried out through activities introducing organic and inorganic waste, recycling used goods, and planting seedlings in the school environment. In addition, students also carried out supporting activities such as financial management education, MSME promotion, and socialization of the importance of investment for students. The implementation results showed an increase in student awareness in maintaining school cleanliness, the emergence of environmentally conscious behavior, and active involvement of the community and school in maintaining the sustainability of the program. This KKN program successfully fostered values of social responsibility and ecological awareness among students and strengthened the synergy between students, schools, and the village community.

The formation of Islamic character and environmental awareness is an integral part of the national education goals which are oriented towards developing the personality of students as a whole. In rural schools, such as the free school in Karang Anyar Village, limited learning facilities often become a challenge in implementing character education based on Islamic and environmental values. This study aims to analyze efforts to strengthen Islamic character and environmental awareness through the use of school libraries and family medicinal plant (TOGA) planting activities as contextual learning tools. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation during the real work lecture (KKN) program. Data analysis is carried out through a process of reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions in order to obtain an in-depth picture of the effectiveness of the activity. The results of the study show that literacy activities in the library are able to increase reading interest, Islamic insight, and the habituation of religious attitudes among students. Meanwhile, TOGA activities contribute to the formation of attitudes of responsibility, mutual cooperation, and concern for the school environment. The synergy between these two activities has proven effective in strengthening Islamic character values ​​and environmental awareness, as well as creating a school culture that is religious, productive, and ecologically aware. 

Indonesia is highly susceptible to natural disasters owing to its geographical location at the intersection of three major tectonic plates. Effective disaster mitigation requires active community participation through education and tangible environmental conservation measures. This community engagement initiative aimed to strengthen community capacity for disaster mitigation and environmental preservation through cross-sectoral collaboration involving the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), the Faculty of Agriculture at Pattimura University, and the Sagu Salempeng GPM Foundation. Implementation methods comprised disaster mitigation education, extension services on conservation plant cultivation, memorandum of understanding (MoU) signing, and seedling distribution to 12 representatives from 6 villages in Ambon City, Maluku region. Outcomes revealed enhanced community comprehension of disaster mitigation concepts and strengthened commitment toward planting productive species for environmental conservation purposes. This initiative contributes to community resilience development and reinforces Indonesia's Disaster Resilient Village program.

Rice is the staple food of most Indonesian people, making its availability a national priority. This study aims to analyze the effect of harvested area on national rice production using a time series linear regression approach based on monthly data in 2025. The research employed quantitative methods using secondary data analyzed with SPSS 27. The regression results produced the equation Ŷ = –0.067 + 0.003X. The t-test showed a significance value < 0.001, indicating that harvested area has a positive and significant effect on rice production. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.994, meaning 99.4% of rice production variation is explained by harvested area. These findings indicate that fluctuations in national rice production are largely determined by changes in harvested area rather than short-term productivity variations. Therefore, policies to increase rice production should prioritize maintaining harvested area through land protection, planting acceleration, and crop failure mitigation. The study contributes to providing an empirical model for short-term prediction of rice production in Indonesia.

This community service program was conducted in Manarap Baru Village, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan, focusing on the utilization of rice husks as a planting medium to promote creative economic development. The background of this initiative stems from the local soil conditions, which are predominantly fill soil and swamp, making it less suitable for plant cultivation. Additionally, the community—especially housewives—faces limited knowledge and resources in processing agricultural waste into economically valuable products. The implementation methods included preliminary surveys, socialization, educational outreach, hands-on practice, and evaluation. The materials delivered covered the benefits of rice husks as planting media and compost, techniques for converting husks into charcoal, and business opportunities derived from processed husk products.The results of the program showed a significant improvement in participants' understanding of independent planting media and compost production, reduced reliance on commercial products, and the emergence of new business opportunities that support sustainable agriculture.

Agricultural practices that take local wisdom into account can provide significant benefits to the environment and society. Local wisdom plays a crucial role in sustainable agricultural practices. Time-tested knowledge and practices can provide solutions to the challenges faced by modern farmers, particularly in the context of climate change and environmental degradation. However, despite extensive research, a significant research gap remains, specifically how local wisdom in the Tumbang Datu Valley can be integrated into broader agricultural policies. The research used was descriptive with a qualitative approach. Qualitative research aims to understand social phenomena from the perspective of participants. Initial informants were selected purposively, selecting informants deemed to have extensive knowledge of the conditions in the village under study, using a snowball sampling technique. The first step was to identify key informants, who in this study consisted of 16 traditional leaders and farmers familiar with the culture in Lembang Tumbang Datu and directly involved in the practice. The local wisdom in the rice farming process, from pre-planting, planting, maintenance, to harvesting and post-harvest, is implemented based on ancestral heritage in line with environmental conservation. Farmers demonstrate their concern for nature through natural soil cultivation, selection of superior seeds, use of organic fertilizers, and implementation of efficient planting and irrigation systems. The application of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and post-harvest technology demonstrates the farmers' ability to adapt to innovation while maintaining local wisdom. Overall, the rice farming system in Lembang Tumbang Datu demonstrates the synergy between tradition and modernity, supporting food security while preserving cultural heritage.

The Community Service Program (KKN) is a form of student community service aimed at providing tangible contributions to village development. The 2025 KKN Program of Group 04 of Pertiba University was implemented in Tukak Village, Tukak Sadai District, South Bangka Regency, with a primary focus on reforestation activities through the planting and distribution of fruit seedlings. The purpose of this activity is to increase public awareness of the importance of protecting the environment, creating green spaces, and supporting village community food security. The implementation method includes coordination with the village government, provision of seedlings, community outreach, and direct planting of fruit seedlings with village officials, related institutions, and the local community. The results of the activity showed the active involvement of the community and village officials, with the planting and distribution of 1,000 fruit seedlings to all residents of Tukak Village. This activity is expected to create long-term impacts in the form of improving environmental quality, increasing food security, and public awareness of the importance of nature conservation.

The POSEIDON 2025 program is a community service initiative focused on enhancing environmental resilience and improving the welfare of coastal communities in Kalijaga Hamlet. The program began with a series of surveys aimed at identifying environmental conditions, social dynamics, and the main issues faced by local residents. The survey results revealed rapid sedimentation, accumulated waste along the coastline, and seawater intrusion that rendered groundwater unfit for consumption. Based on these findings, several solution-oriented activities were designed, including the installation of a water filter in the mosque, seminars and socialization on the functions and conservation of mangroves, the planting of 100 mangrove seedlings, the restoration of the Community Hall with the addition of an environmental-themed reading corner, and a beach clean-up activity. The program was carried out over three days with the involvement of local residents, students, academics, and social organizations. The implementation results showed an increase in public awareness of the importance of protecting mangrove ecosystems and coastal cleanliness, improved access to clean water, and enhanced environmental literacy among children. This program demonstrates that interdisciplinary collaboration and active community participation play a vital role in achieving sustainable and resilient coastal development.

The use of plastic as planting containers remains a serious environmental issue due to its non-biodegradable nature, which can contaminate soil and water. One solution is to utilize rice straw waste as a raw material for biodegradable pots. This innovation can reduce dependence on plastic pots while providing ecological and economic benefits. Rice straw-based pots offer several advantages, including easy decomposition in soil, enhancing soil fertility, and reducing pollution caused by straw burning. This study aims to utilize rice straw waste to produce environmentally friendly biodegradable pots as an alternative to plastic containers. The method employed is Participatory Action Research (PAR), emphasizing collaboration between students and teachers through hands-on learning. The activities include socialization, practical training on making rice straw pots, participatory evaluation, and the use of the pots as planting media. The results showed that 100% of participants successfully produced high-quality rice straw pots, with positive responses reflected in high satisfaction and increased understanding of recycling concepts. The rice straw pots decompose within 2–3 months, add organic matter to the soil, and create opportunities for a circular economy. The main challenge identified is the relatively short durability of the pots, requiring innovations using natural adhesives or material combinations to enhance resilience. These findings reinforce the potential of rice straw as a solution for agricultural waste management and community empowerment toward sustainable agriculture.

Gotong royong, or mutual cooperation, is a deeply rooted local cultural value in Indonesian society that plays a strategic role in strengthening social cohesion and promoting environmental consciousness. This study aims to explore and analyze the function of gotong royong in fostering social solidarity and raising community awareness of environmental sustainability through various communal activities. These activities include neighborhood cleaning, reforestation efforts, and participatory waste management, all of which require active involvement from community members. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the research was conducted through field observations and in-depth interviews with residents actively engaged in gotong royong practices. The findings reveal that gotong royong serves as a powerful social mechanism that encourages a sense of togetherness, mutual aid, and shared responsibility among community members. These interactions help to solidify social bonds and create a collective spirit that is vital for social resilience. In addition to reinforcing social relationships, the practice of gotong royong significantly contributes to enhancing environmental awareness. Communities become more proactive in maintaining cleanliness, preserving green spaces, planting trees, and managing waste sustainably. The study concludes that gotong royong is not merely a traditional cultural practice, but also an effective and relevant instrument for promoting social and environmental well-being in contemporary society. Its continued integration into community development programs could further strengthen both social solidarity and environmental stewardship, making it a vital component in sustainable development initiatives. Therefore, revitalizing and institutionalizing gotong royong is essential for fostering holistic and inclusive community growth.