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The development of rural economies based on locally superior commodities is an integral part of inclusive and sustainable development strategies. Sumberdem located in Wonosari Subdistrict, Malang Regency, possesses significant potential for the development of coffee-based ecotourism. However, this potential remains largely underutilized due to several structural and institutional constraints. Key challenges include inadequate supporting infrastructure, limited capacity of local human resources, and the absence of downstream processing for coffee products. This community engagement program implemented an adaptive approach known as the Lumintu model, rooted in the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) framework. Field assessments revealed critical limitations such as poor road access to plantation areas, insufficient agricultural irrigation, and weak digital connectivity. Moreover, the capacity of village institutions—such as the Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDesa) and coffee farmer groups—remained low, resulting in local coffee products with limited added value. The initial implementation of the program has shown promising results, particularly in strengthening institutional capacity through training on tourism business management and high–value coffee processing. Furthermore, product diversification through the development of coffee-based agrotourism and digital marketing innovations has been successfully introduced. Overall, this community engagement initiative has provided a concrete solution to rural development challenges in Sumberdem Village. Moving forward, the village is expected to strengthen its position as a sustainable coffee ecotourism destination and improve the long-term economic well-being of its residents. The proposed development model also holds the potential for adaptation and replication in other rural areas with similar characteristics, thereby supporting the broader achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Article 28H paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia guarantees the right of every person to live in a good and healthy environment, while Article 33 paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia affirms the principle of sustainable and environmentally friendly development as the basis for natural resource management. These constitutional norms are implemented through Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, which requires every business activity to prevent any pollution and/or environmental damage. In addition, through Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation as amended by Law Number 6 of 2023, there have been significant changes in the business licensing system and environmental protection instruments, including the integration of environmental approval into risk-based business licensing as regulated in Articles 22 and 23. In the context of oil palm plantations in Sumatra, these changes in norms have legal implications for the fulfillment of business actors' legal obligations in environmental protection and management. This study aims to analyze the impact of oil palm plantation exploitation in Sumatra from an environmental law perspective, particularly in relation to legal violations based on the normative framework of applicable laws and regulations after the enactment of the Job Creation Law.

This community service program aims to improve public literacy and awareness of the Islamic capital market through socialization and educational activities in Telaga Jernih Village, Secanggang District. Islamic financial literacy in rural areas remains relatively low due to limited access to information and education, leading people to prefer traditional investments such as livestock and plantations. The activity was carried out by the Community Service Program (KKN) team in collaboration with the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) as the main speaker and the village government as a supporting partner. The methods used included observation, counseling, interactive discussions, and simple simulations of Islamic investment practices. The results revealed high enthusiasm among participants, reflected in their active engagement and significant improvement in understanding the concepts, principles, and products of Islamic investment. The community began to realize that Islamic capital market investments are not only halal and safe but also offer long-term economic benefits. This activity positively influenced the community’s mindset to view Islamic financial investment as a complementary form of traditional investment. The program also opened opportunities for forming a village-based Islamic investor community and establishing a financial literacy center as a follow-up initiative. Therefore, this program plays a vital role in strengthening Islamic financial inclusion in rural areas and serves as an initial step toward creating a financially literate, independent, and economically productive society.

The livestock sector in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, has great potential but is often threatened by outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), which cause significant economic losses. This study aims to evaluate the FMD control policies implemented by the Gowa Regency Government based on William Dunn's six policy evaluation criteria: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. The study used a qualitative approach with primary data collected through in-depth interviews with key informants from the Livestock and Animal Health Division of the Gowa Regency Livestock and Plantation Service and supporting data from various literature. The findings show that the FMD control policy is effective in achieving zero cases, but efficiency is hampered by limited medical personnel (only two veterinarians) and operational budget dependence entirely on the Central Government. Vaccine adequacy is a pull sistem (demand-driven) and compensation distribution is carried out fairly. Community responsiveness increased after severe losses, and policy accuracy was considered most optimal in the implementation of biosecurity and sanitation while promoting vaccination. As a recommendation, the Gowa Government needs to recruit contract workers in the field of animal health, allocate funds for the procurement of operational vehicles and equipment to support laboratory facilities, and issue a Regent Regulation that strictly regulates the implementation of biosecurity and livestock housing patterns in high-risk areas.

A partnership agreement is a form of business collaboration, either directly or indirectly, that is established based on the principles of mutual need, mutual trust, mutual reinforcement, and mutual benefit. Such partnerships generally involve Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) working with larger businesses in order to create a fairer and more sustainable business relationship. However, in practice, the implementation of partnership agreements often does not reflect these fundamental principles. This is also evident in the nucleus-plasma scheme within the palm oil plantation sector, where the relationship between the nucleus companies and plasma farmers tends to show an imbalance of bargaining power. This study aims to examine the application of partnership principles in the implementation of nucleus-plasma agreements in palm oil plantations, viewed from the perspective of prevailing legislation, particularly the Law on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME Law). The findings indicate that the application of partnership principles has not yet been fully implemented consistently. The partnership relationship remains unequal and is largely dominated by the nucleus companies, creating a sense of injustice for plasma farmers. In terms of supervision, the Indonesian Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) plays a crucial role in ensuring that partnership agreements are carried out in line with these principles. One of the measures taken is monitoring the implementation of behavioral change commitments by business actors. KPPU ensures that nucleus companies do not abuse their dominant position and continue to provide fair opportunities for plasma farmers. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of strengthening oversight and enforcing regulations so that the objectives of nucleus-plasma partnerships in palm oil plantations can truly be realized in accordance with the principles mandated by law.

The problem of livestock roaming freely in Kerato Village, Unter Iwes District, causes damage to property, agricultural land, social conflict, and economic losses. To address this problem, Kerato Village Regulation Number 7 of 2021 concerning Livestock Maintenance was created. This regulation stipulates administrative sanctions in the form of fines and compensation for livestock owners who release their livestock in public places, residential areas, and agricultural or plantation land owned by others without supervision from the livestock owner. This study uses an empirical legal research approach, a method that analyzes social phenomena in society using a legislative approach, a sociological approach, a comparative approach, and a case approach. The results of the study indicate that the legal liability of livestock owners according to Kerato Village Regulation Number 7 of 2021 concerning Livestock Maintenance stipulates that livestock owners who roam freely and damage agricultural land will be subject to administrative sanctions in the form of fines for security costs and maintenance costs for the secured livestock and are required to pay compensation for damaged crops. Research results related to Islamic law emphasize the responsibilities of livestock owners based on the principle of justice, requiring balanced compensation and encouraging dispute resolution through mediation.

Natural resource management in Paccellekang Village, which includes rice paddies, plantations, and teak trees, remains suboptimal despite its significant potential, particularly the abundant wood waste. This wood waste largely originates from agricultural activities, plantations, and small-scale wood processing. Currently, this waste is often simply burned or dumped, potentially polluting the environment and causing air pollution. However, if managed properly, wood waste can be transformed into high-value products that can provide financial benefits to the community. This community service activity aims to empower farmer groups through training in processing wood waste into marketable products such as charcoal, liquid smoke, and wood flour. These products not only have economic value but are also useful in various sectors, for example, liquid smoke as a natural preservative, charcoal as an environmentally friendly fuel, and wood flour as an industrial raw material. The program implementation method uses a structured approach that includes initial observations to identify potential partners and needs, outreach to provide a comprehensive understanding of the program's objectives, and training in wood waste processing technology. Furthermore, intensive mentoring and evaluation of implementation results are provided to ensure program sustainability. The results demonstrated that the farmer group members understood the concept of productive wood waste management and demonstrated high enthusiasm for developing innovative products. This program successfully improved the community's skills in utilizing local resources while reducing the negative impact of waste on the environment. Thus, this activity contributed to increasing community income and supporting sustainable economic development in Paccellekang Village.

The palm oil industry is a vital component of Indonesia's economy, significantly contributing to foreign exchange earnings and employment opportunities, particularly in rural and plantation-based regions where economic alternatives are limited. However, the sector is increasingly challenged by global sustainability concerns, particularly the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), which poses a threat to Indonesia’s palm oil exports due to its strict environmental standards and traceability requirements. This study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature review to explore the role of innovation and legal protection in strengthening the sustainability and global competitiveness of Indonesia’s palm oil industry. Specifically, it investigates how the development of superior plant varieties and the application of Plant Variety Protection (PVP) under the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) framework contribute to long-term industry resilience. The findings indicate that superior varieties such as DxP Topaz, DxP PTPN V, and Lonsum DxP have been instrumental in boosting productivity, reducing the need for land expansion, enhancing oil yield per hectare, and improving overall resource efficiency. Moreover, legal protection through PVP not only secures exclusive rights for breeders but also incentivizes further agricultural innovation and prevents the unauthorized use and duplication of valuable genetic resources. In light of international regulatory pressures, strengthening the national PVP system, promoting the registration of local superior varieties, and integrating legal instruments with research and development are essential. These efforts can safeguard Indonesia’s genetic sovereignty and support sustainable practices in compliance with international environmental standards. Ultimately, aligning agricultural innovation with a robust legal framework is key to maintaining the industry’s market access, environmental credibility, and long-term sustainability.

The People’s Palm Oil Replanting Program (PSR) is a national policy aimed at improving the productivity of smallholder plantations through the replanting of aging and unproductive oil palm trees. This study reviews the implementation of PSR in Indonesia by analyzing ten scholarly articles through a literature study approach. The findings indicate that program effectiveness is significantly influenced by technical support such as training, mentoring, the application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), and strategic partnerships for harvest absorption. However, implementation faces several challenges, including limited human resources, damaged equipment, inadequate funding, prolonged replanting periods, weak coordination among stakeholders, and lack of policy dissemination. Local institutions such as cooperatives (KUD) and farmer groups (Gapoktan) play crucial roles in ensuring program sustainability and inclusiveness by acting as managers and conflict mediators. Although farmers are generally ready and actively participate, regulatory constraints—particularly the requirement of financial guarantors—remain a barrier. The study recommends strengthening local institutional capacity, enhancing stakeholder synergy, and simplifying financial schemes as strategic steps to improve the long-term effectiveness of the PSR program.

This literature study examines the construction of cultural identity through socio-economic practices in plantation ecosystems among the Acehnese, Malay, and Chinese communities in Indonesia. Using a systematic literature review of 42 selected sources (1990-2023), the research reveals that plantations function as sites of identity negotiation—dynamic arenas of cultural adaptation and resistance. In Aceh, the integration of Islamic values (zakat [alms] from plantations, meunasah education) and local wisdom (peusijuek rituals) mediates post-conflict reconciliation and identity transformation from "combatants" to "farmers" (Muchlis et al., 2023; Aulia et al., 2024). For the Malay community, the customary-territorial concept of bela kampung (communal defense) underpins resistance to authority fragmentation through gotong royong (mutual cooperation) and communal land allocation (Yunanda et al., 2024; Nasution et al., 2024). Meanwhile, the Chinese community develops invisibility strategies (e.g., land acquisition via family foundations, citizenship aliases) to convert legal marginalization into clan-based social capital (Irawan, 2016; Thung, 2018). Key findings highlight divergent identity sources: religiosity (Aceh), customary-territoriality (Malay), and clan social capital (Chinese). The study recommends integrating local wisdom into inclusive plantation policies and employing ethnographic approaches to examine identity intersectionality complexity.

This study aims to analyze the role of village government services in the development of infrastructure in Mekarwangi Village, Cisauk District. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods through interviews with ten local residents. The results of the study show that village government services have made a significant contribution to the village's physical development, particularly in improving the accessibility and quality of basic infrastructure. Before 2015, road access in the village still used simple asphalt and lacked adequate drainage systems. Since 2016, the village government has begun concrete paving of roads and construction of drainage channels. Then, in 2022, road development using paving blocks was carried out in small alleys to facilitate mobility for residents, especially those living near plantation areas. Eight out of ten respondents stated that the development was very helpful, as previously they faced difficulties due to slippery and unsafe dirt roads, especially during the rainy season. These findings indicate that appropriate and responsive village government services can drive development that directly impacts the improvement of rural community quality of life.  

The purpose of this study is to examine the sociological conditions of the HGU conflict, and to analyze the need for the establishment of an Agrarian Court from a legal and social aspect. The method used in this study is the Sociolegal method, which combines law with social reality. Primary data was taken from interviews with farmers, residents affected by HGU, BPN officials, Secondary data was obtained from laws and regulations, court decisions, NGO reports, land documents. Mesuji Regency is an area in Lampung Province which is known as one of the chronic agrarian conflict areas in Indonesia, especially those involving the Right to Cultivate (HGU) by large plantation companies including PT Barat Selatan Makmur Investindo (BSMI) and PT Silva Inhutani. This conflict involves local communities and companies holding HGU. The root of the problem is the community's claim to customary land, cultivated land, or inherited land. Allegations of HGU expansion that exceed the permit limit. The conclusion of this study is that the resolution process is often ineffective, unfair, and slow. HGU conflicts are generally structural in nature, because they involve inequality between local communities and large corporations that receive legal legitimacy through the granting of HGU. The establishment of an Agrarian Court has the potential to be a more just, effective, and contextual solution to resolving plantation HGU conflicts.

The aim of this research is to find out what factors influence farmers to convert cocoa plantation land into oil palm plantations in Tinondo District, East Kolaka Regency. The sample used was 32 farmers. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. The research results can be concluded that the factors that cause the conversion of cocoa land to oil palm are the area of ​​cocoa land, farming experience, environmental factors and regulatory factors. Partially using the t test, cocoa land area with a significant value of 0.000, farming experience with a significant value of 0.000, environmental factors with a significant value of 0.025 and regulatory factors with a significant value of 0.000 in the positive direction and the calculated t value is greater than the t table shows that these variables has a significant influence and is the cause of farmers converting cocoa land into oil palm.

This quantitative study uses SmartPLS3 to analyze the main issues related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Convention, and Exhibition) business actors, as well as the role of the hybrid model in maintaining the sustainability of MICE activities in Indonesia. This study focuses on five representative cities that are the main targets of MICE activities according to the government's strategic plan, namely Jakarta, Bogor, Bali, Yogyakarta, and Malang. The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit various countries, including Indonesia, for more than a year, has brought major challenges. The tourism and MICE sectors are among the most affected, with many business actors forced to stop their operations and switch to alternative sectors such as culinary, agriculture, and plantations as a means of survival. However, the emergence of the hybrid model has become an important solution for the MICE sector. Some alternative solutions adopted during the pandemic include organizing virtual MICE events, virtual tourism, webinars, and meetings through platforms such as Google Meet and Zoom. Teleconferencing has also become an important tool to maintain engagement. These adaptations highlight the increasing reliance on advanced technology to ensure the sustainability of the MICE industry. The implementation of these activities requires high creativity and quality in order to run well. This change emphasizes the importance of continuous innovation and utilization of technology by MICE industry players to navigate the ever-evolving landscape.

Agrarian conflicts related to customary land rights in Indonesia, particularly due to the expansion of oil palm plantations, have become a complex issue that has had a major impact on the social, cultural, and economic lives of indigenous communities. Land conversion carried out without adequate consent from indigenous communities often results in unilateral land acquisition, which triggers prolonged conflict. This article discusses the strategic role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in protecting indigenous peoples' rights through legal assistance, policy advocacy, and mediation. NGOs play a role in strengthening the legal position of indigenous communities, raising awareness of their rights, and bridging communication between indigenous communities, the government, and companies. However, this role faces challenges in the form of limited authority, external pressure, and overlapping agrarian regulations. This article emphasizes the importance of recognizing indigenous peoples' rights, improving regulations, and an inclusive conflict resolution approach so that economic development can proceed without sacrificing the sustainability of indigenous peoples' lives and cultures.

: Palm oil theft is a serious problem faced by plantation companies, especially in PTPN II, Pagar Merbau II Village, Pagar Merbau District, Deli Serdang Regency. This study aims to analyze the Law Enforcement of Palm Oil Theft of PTPN II Pagar Merbau II, Pagar Merbau District, Deli Serdang Regency (Case Study of Decision Number 2/Pid.C/2024/PN Lbp). The research method used is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. Data were collected through interviews with related parties, studies of court decision documentation, and direct observation of conditions in the field. The analysis was carried out to identify the perpetrators' modus operandi, the effectiveness of the law enforcement system, and the impact of the sanctions given. The results of the study show that palm oil theft is carried out in various modes that are often organized. Law enforcement involves cooperation between companies, security forces, and the community, but still requires improvement in terms of supervision and rapid response to reports of theft. Decision Number 2/Pid.C/2024/PN Lbp provides an overview of the strict application of law against perpetrators, where sanctions not only serve to punish but also to prevent similar crimes in the future. The conclusion of this study is that an effective law enforcement system requires close collaboration between all relevant parties and increased asset protection regulations. With the right steps, it is hoped that palm oil theft can be minimized, supporting the sustainability of the palm oil industry in Indonesia.

Challenges to the rights possessed by humans can cover various complex and various kinds, such as social, political, and economic. There are challenges such as freedom of opinion and the existence of the press, where even though freedom of the press has been recognized, there is still pressure and intimidation against journalism. Cases such as arrests and violence against journalists who cover this sensitive issue often occur. There are land conflicts between indigenous communities and large companies (especially in the plantation and mining sectors), which can often result in forced evictions. These laws can often be used to further suppress freedom of religion and speech, and have led to many people being imprisoned on charges of blasphemy. Many workers in the informal and formal sectors experience poor working conditions, including low wages, long hours, and a lack of occupational health and safety protection.

This study aimed to determine the influence of work discipline and K3 (Occupational Safety and Health) on employees' performance at PT. Minanga Ogan Plantation (a case study on PKS SENM employees). The data analysis technique used was Multiple Linear Regression. Based on the results of the partial analysis of the discipline variable, it showed that there was a significant influence of work discipline on employees' performance with a t-count value of 3,851. and the K3 variable showed that there was a significant influence of K3 on employees' with t-count value of 7,654. Simultaneously, it was found that there was a jointly significant influence between work discipline and K3 on employee performance at PT. Minanga Ogan Plantation with an f-count value of 79,052. the coefficient of determination (R2) obtained was 0.640. This meant that the contribution of work discipline and K3 (Occupational Safety and Health) to employees' performance was 64% while the remaining 36% was influenced by other variables outside of this study.

The Community Service activities that have been carried out aim to improve the welfare of the people of Doplang Village by optimizing all potential, both natural resources and human resources, to be integrated into the Edupark Agricultural Plantation Tourism Object. This term was chosen because the tourist village that will be created will not only rely on natural potential but also has educational value for tourists who visit this tourist village. There are 3 solutions offered by PGRI University Semarang in the framework of overcoming the problems faced by the Doplang village community, including training in making processed tuberose flowers into healthy preservative-free food, training in MSME financial management and training in Organizational Management, Tourism Management, Tourism Management SOPs , Layout (Master Plan) of Tourist Villages. The results of this program are providing theoretical provisions related to the cultivation of tuberose plants, providing theoretical and practical provisions related to food processing from tuberose plants, providing materials and workshops related to strategies for making tourism products along with tips for their development, and providing theoretical provisions related to Tourism Law.

Economics is an interesting field of study if studied from a historical perspective, in its journey, Malang apparently is not only the center of coffee plantations. Malang at that time had a large sugar factory (PG). As the economy of Malang City grew, the number of sugar factories continued to increase. This transformation extends to the trade and service sector which has brought Malang to play an important role as one of the pillars of the economy in East Java. In this research, the author used a qualitative method. The key to the successful evolution of the Malang region's economy is the synergy of political authority (government), the central bank as the monetary authority (BI Malang), and business actors so that they can become a transformative collective force in developing programs with an insight into regional potential and the institutional capacity of the local community, to the ability to adapt and capture new opportunities that arise in a rapidly changing economic order and environment is developed.