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Vector-borne infectious diseases remain a public health concern, particularly in tropical regions such as Indonesia. Sanitation clinics at public health centers (Puskesmas) play a role in identifying environmental risk factors and planning interventions to support vector-borne disease control. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of sanitation clinics in environmental intervention planning. The method used was a literature review of scientific articles, journals, and related documents published between 2015-2025. Data were analyzed descriptively to identify forms of environmental interventions and their effectiveness. The results showed that sanitation clinics play an important role in environmental health counseling, sanitation inspections, health education, and environmental intervention planning. However, their implementation still faces challenges, including limited numbers of sanitarians, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and suboptimal environmental interventions. Nevertheless, sanitation clinics continue to contribute to the prevention of environment-based diseases and vector control. Therefore, strengthening resources and improving the quality of intervention planning are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of sanitation clinic programs.

This community service activity was carried out on 21 September 2024 at Banksasuci (Bank Sampah Sungai Cisadane), Cihuni, Gading Serpong, Tangerang Regency, as part of the SOUL PROJECT (Save Our Earth With Law) organized by the Student Executive Board of the Faculty of Law, UPN Veteran Jakarta. The program focused on urban planning and water management in relation to the impact of development on Cisadane River water quality. The Cisadane River is one of the most vital water sources in Banten Province, supplying raw water for PDAM, agriculture, fisheries, and industry. However, rapid urbanization—marked by dense residential sprawl and industrial expansion—has caused a significant and sustained decline in river water quality. Research shows that COD and BOD concentrations in the Cisadane River trended upward continuously from 2005 to 2012, driven by industrial effluents concentrated in Jatiuwung and domestic wastewater from slum settlements. Institutional management of the river remains fragmented across multiple agencies at city, provincial, and national levels with weak coordination. This activity engaged approximately 50 participants through legal education sessions, participatory field discussions, river cleaning, and tree-planting activities. Results indicate a significant increase in participant awareness of the link between spatial planning, infrastructure development, and river water quality. This program recommends integrated spatial governance and community-based monitoring as key strategies for protecting the Cisadane River ecosystem.

Abstract: This study aims to deeply analyze the gap in basic education in Weleri District, Kendal Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia, specifically Weleri Village, correcting the initial focus that was directed at the UIN campus environment. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through unstructured interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model with source triangulation techniques to ensure data validity involving eight key informants. The most important findings reveal that the educational gap in Kendal is a manifestation of significant multidimensional structural injustice, encompassing spatial disparities, educational attainment, and the distribution of human resources. Spatially, there is a concentration of quality schools in the center of Weleri District, while coastal areas experience limited access due to the "urban bias" of regional budgets. This phenomenon creates educational segregation from an early age. Only 35-40% of coastal youth successfully continue to high school due to economic barriers, distance, and a lack of scholarship information. The unequal distribution of certified teachers worsens the quality of learning and has the potential to trigger socio-religious fragmentation due to limited moderate Islamic insight in marginalized areas and reproduces intergenerational poverty. This confirms that the low quality of education is not an individual choice, but rather a systemic consequence of inequitable planning. Therefore, an urgent, holistic affirmative policy intervention is needed, encompassing equitable infrastructure and teacher distribution reform to ensure equal educational rights for every child in Kendal, in order to realize sustainable social justice that is responsive to the geographic context. This research provides a critical contribution in the form of a concrete empirical foundation for the formulation of affirmative policies that profoundly break the cycle of poverty and educational injustice in the coastal areas of Central Java, while also enriching the scientific literature on the sociology of education on the reproduction of injustice in marginalized areas in a comprehensive and sustainable manner. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis secara mendalam kesenjangan pendidikan dasar di Kecamatan Weleri, Kabupaten Kendal, Provinsi Jawa Tengah Indonesia khususnya Desa Weleri, mengoreksi fokus awal yang sempat mengarah pada lingkungan kampus UIN. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara tidak terstruktur, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman dengan teknik triangulasi sumber untuk memastikan validitas data melibatkan delapan informan kunci. Temuan terpenting mengungkap bahwa kesenjangan pendidikan di Kendal merupakan manifestasi ketidakadilan struktural multidimensi signifikan, mencakup disparitas spasial, capaian pendidikan, dan distribusi sumber daya manusia. Secara spasial, terdapat konsentrasi sekolah berkualitas di pusat Kecamatan Weleri, sementara wilayah pesisir mengalami keterbatasan akses akibat "urban bias" anggaran daerah, fenomena ini menciptakan segregasi pendidikan sejak dini. Hanya 35-40% remaja pesisir berhasil melanjutkan ke SMA karena hambatan ekonomi, jarak, dan minimnya informasi beasiswa. Distribusi guru bersertifikat yang timpang memperburuk kualitas pembelajaran dan berpotensi memicu fragmentasi sosial-keagamaan akibat terbatasnya wawasan keislaman moderat di wilayah marginal serta mereproduksi kemiskinan antargenerasi. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa rendahnya kualitas pendidikan bukan pilihan individu, melainkan konsekuensi sistemik dari perencanaan yang belum berkeadilan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi kebijakan afirmatif holistik mendesak mencakup pemerataan infrastruktur dan reformasi distribusi guru untuk memastikan hak pendidikan setara bagi setiap anak Kendal demi mewujudkan keadilan sosial berkelanjutan yang responsif terhadap konteks geografis. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi kritis berupa landasan empiris konkret bagi formulasi kebijakan afirmatif yang memutus siklus kemiskinan dan ketidakadilan pendidikan di wilayah pesisir Jawa Tengah secara mendalam, sekaligus turut memperkaya literatur ilmiah sosiologi pendidikan tentang reproduksi ketidakadilan di wilayah marginal secara komprehensif dan berkelanjutan.

This study is motivated by the development of digital technology, which has driven a transformation in the learning paradigm from conventional models to more flexible, interactive, and innovative technology-based learning. Changes in student characteristics in the digital era require adaptive learning strategies that are able to improve both the efficiency of the learning process and learning outcomes. This study aims to describe and analyze digital learning strategies in enhancing learning efficiency and their impact on student achievement. The research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review by examining various relevant scientific sources related to the concepts, characteristics, implementation, and impacts of digital learning. The data were analyzed using content analysis techniques to produce a systematic conceptual framework. The findings indicate that systematically designed digital learning strategies can improve conceptual understanding through interactive content delivery, strengthen students’ motivation and independent learning, and enhance retention and learning mastery. Learning efficiency is reflected in flexible access, time optimization, and technology-based assessment. However, its implementation still faces challenges such as limited infrastructure and digital literacy. Therefore, careful planning and the improvement of digital competencies are necessary to ensure that digital learning can be implemented effectively and sustainably in improving the quality of education.

Nabire Regency in Central Papua Province confronts significant geographical complexities in transportation system development, characterized by hilly topography and limited road infrastructure that impacts community mobility efficiency. This research analyzes road route optimization through Geographic Information System (GIS) approach using QGIS 3.28.3 software with QNEAT3 plugin for network analysis. The research methodology applies network analysis considering multiple parameters including travel distance, travel time, road surface conditions, slope gradients based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and impedance factors according to infrastructure quality. Spatial data were obtained from Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) and OpenStreetMap (OSM) with analysis focusing on 8 origin-destination pairs representing critical movements to health facilities, education centers, and economic hubs. Analysis results identified alternative routes demonstrating 12.5-20% travel time efficiency compared to existing routes, with an average optimization of 15.7%. Field validation confirmed model prediction accuracy with error rates below 8%. These research findings provide strategic recommendations for local government in sustainable transportation infrastructure planning that can enhance regional accessibility and support local economic development in the Central Papua region.

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology presents significant opportunities to improve the quality of learning; however, its utilization in school settings is still constrained by teachers’ limited competencies. This community service program aims to enhance teachers’ competencies in utilizing AI-based learning technologies in a pedagogical, ethical, and practical manner. The implementation method consisted of preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. The activities were carried out through interactive workshops, demonstrations of AI-based educational tools, hands-on practice with mentoring, and evaluation using pre-tests and post-tests. The results indicate a significant improvement in teachers’ understanding and skills in using AI for lesson planning, instructional media development, and learning assessment. Teachers also demonstrated more positive attitudes and greater confidence in integrating AI into classroom practices. Nevertheless, challenges such as varying levels of digital literacy and limited technological infrastructure were still identified. Overall, this community service activity proved effective in improving teachers’ competencies and has the potential to support more innovative and adaptive learning transformation in the digital era.

This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the management of School Operational Assistance Funds at SMKS Yohanes XXIII Maumere. The management of School Operational Assistance Funds is an important aspect in supporting the smooth implementation of the learning process and improving the quality of education. The research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicated that the management of School Operational Assistance Funds at SMKS Yohanes XXIII Maumere has been implemented following the applicable technical guidelines and adheres to the principles of transparency, accountability, efficiency, and effectiveness. The School Operational Assistance Funds were utilized to support the eight national education standards, particularly in the development of facilities and infrastructure, process standards, and school operational financing. However, there were still challenges in the form of delays in fund disbursement, which affect the optimal implementation of school programs. Overall, the management of School Operational Assistance Funds at SMKS Yohanes XXIII Maumere can be categorized as effective. Nevertheless, improvements were needed in the aspects of planning and fund disbursement time management to ensure that the benefits of School Operational Assistance Funds can be maximized.

Mawang Village occupies a strategic position as a buffer zone integrating the administrative center of Gowa Regency with other growth centers, featuring the ecological asset of Lake Mawang, which holds significant potential for ecotourism development. However, a discrepancy exists between spatial planning policies and the actual development of facilities and infrastructure on the ground. This study aims to identify the availability, accessibility, and physical feasibility of regional facilities and infrastructure as a fundamental database for area development. The method employed is descriptive-quantitative with a comparative analysis approach referring to the SNI 03-1733-2004 standards and spatial analysis. The findings indicate that religious and commercial/service facilities exhibit very high service levels with surplus conditions, while basic health facilities and early childhood education remain below minimum service standards. Spatially, the distribution of facilities tends to be concentrated along the main corridor, creating accessibility disparities for residents in inner residential areas. The collector road infrastructure is functionally adequate but lacks pedestrian facilities, while local roads suffer from pavement quality degradation. Furthermore, Lake Mawang, as a primary tourist attraction, still lacks basic supporting facilities. The implications of this research emphasize the need for equitable distribution of health facilities, revitalization of road quality, and the formulation of a comprehensive spatial detail plan for the lake area to achieve sustainable regional development based on local potential.

This study aims to analyze the management of educational facilities and infrastructure planning at Pesantren Miftahul Ulum Subang and its contribution to learning effectiveness. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design, using in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving 19 participants, including the boarding school leader, teachers, students, and facilities managers. Data were analyzed thematically to identify patterns of facilities management and their impact on the learning process. The findings indicate that the needs analysis for facilities is not yet systematic and largely relies on informal reports. Facilities procurement is carried out gradually based on priority needs and available financial resources. Several facilities are underutilized due to the absence of standard operational procedures and limited supervision. The study also shows that the quality of facilities has a direct influence on learning effectiveness by enhancing classroom comfort and supporting instructional methods. It is concluded that structured and data-driven facilities planning is essential for improving the quality of learning in Islamic boarding schools.

The success of education delivery depends heavily on the quality of supporting elements, particularly educational facilities, which play a strategic role in supporting learning activities and achieving human resource development goals. This research is motivated by a gap in understanding regarding the effectiveness of the management process for facilities and infrastructure in improving learning quality, as well as the need to adapt to the dynamics of modern education. The purpose of this research is to examine the management process for educational facilities and infrastructure and its contribution to improving learning quality, based on the results of a literature review. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review method, where data was obtained through critical analysis of scientific journals and academic literature. The research findings indicate that the management of educational facilities and infrastructure includes the stages of planning, procurement, inventory, utilization, maintenance, supervision, and disposal. Each stage is interrelated and plays a strategic role in supporting a more effective, efficient, and sustainable learning process. The implications of this research indicate that the management of educational facilities and infrastructure, carried out through a planned and sustainable process, plays a crucial role in supporting the improvement of learning quality.    

This article examines various guidance and counseling (BK) management models relevant to the context of modern education in Indonesia. The models discussed include POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) management, comprehensive BK services, school-based BK management, specialized service management, and the use of digitalization in BK services. This review was compiled using a literature review method, drawing on various credible national sources, such as scientific journals, reference books, and education policy documents. The purpose of this research is to provide an in-depth understanding of the characteristics, principles, and implementation of each BK management model in educational practice. The results indicate that each model has its own advantages and limitations, both in terms of service planning, resource management, and the effectiveness of service delivery to students. Therefore, the selection and implementation of a BK management model must be tailored to the needs of the school, the availability of professional staff, infrastructure, and student characteristics. The integration of a systematic, data-driven, and adaptive management approach to developments in information technology is a key factor in improving the quality and effectiveness of BK services. This article is expected to provide theoretical and practical contributions to school counselors, educators, and education policymakers.  

Digital transformation has become an urgent necessity for madrasas in improving the quality of Islamic education amid the rapid advancement of technology. However, various national reports indicate that the implementation of digitalization in many madrasas still faces significant challenges, including low teacher competence, limited infrastructure, and the absence of leadership capable of directing the change process regularly. This study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the strategies employed by madrasah principals in managing digital transformation as an effort to enhance technology-based learning quality. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, relying on secondary data such as scholarly articles, policy reports, and official documents from relevant educational institutions. The findings reveal that the success of improving technology-based learning quality highly depends on visionary and adaptive leadership, particularly in digital planning, teacher capacity building, infrastructure provision, digital learning culture development, and the implementation of data-driven monitoring and evaluation. This study emphasizes that technology becomes effective only when managed through strategic leadership capable of integrating digital innovations into madrasa governance in a sustainable manner.

Civil engineering infrastructure development plays a vital role in driving economic progress and enhancing the quality of life within communities. The success of infrastructure projects depends not only on budgetary and technological factors but also on the quality of human resources (HR) involved in every project phase, from planning to maintenance. This literature review highlights that skilled and competent HR is a critical factor in achieving project success, particularly amidst increasing complexity and the challenges posed by globalization. Key issues faced by the sector include a shortage of skilled labor, high turnover rates, and a misalignment between educational outcomes and the skills required in the field. Additionally, technological advancements, such as the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), demand continuous skill enhancement to adapt to the growing automation of industry processes. Effective HR management—encompassing ongoing education, fair incentive systems, and the integration of technology into HR practices—is essential for boosting productivity and mitigating risks during project execution. A comprehensive approach, including a structured HR management system, is required to ensure the sustainability and quality of infrastructure development. This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the critical role of HR management in the civil engineering sector and proposes practical recommendations for improving HR quality to meet the evolving demands of the construction industry.  

Early Childhood Education (PAUD) plays a fundamental role in shaping children's character, moral values, and intellectual potential from an early age. However, many PAUD institutions in Indonesia still face serious challenges in management, where attention is focused more on operational sustainability than on improving educational quality. This study aims to describe the actual condition of PAUD institutions, analyze the causes of weak management, and identify the impact of operational orientation on educational quality. The method used is a literature study through analysis of various sources such as books, scientific journals, research reports, and government policies related to PAUD implementation. The results of the study indicate that weak management is caused by limited human resources, low managerial competence, minimal funding, weak planning, and a lack of supervision and community support. The impact is seen in the decline in educational quality and low public trust in PAUD institutions. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen quality-based management that emphasizes improving educator competence, community involvement, effective management of infrastructure, utilization of educational technology, and implementation of continuous evaluation. Professional and adaptive PAUD management is key to realizing superior, high-quality institutions that are relevant to the developmental needs of early childhood in the modern era.

Learning quadratic functions in high school still faces various challenges, primarily due to the abstract nature of the concepts, which require students to have strong analytical thinking skills. These difficulties often result in low student understanding of the relationship between quadratic equations and parabola graphs, as well as limitations in applying these concepts to mathematical problem-solving. GeoGebra, as a technology-based learning tool, offers interactive visualizations that allow students to observe the real-time changes in the shape of a parabola when the coefficients in a quadratic equation are modified. A literature review of recent studies reveals that the use of GeoGebra significantly enhances conceptual understanding, mathematical representation skills, and student motivation. Its effectiveness further increases when combined with appropriate teaching strategies, such as the 5E model (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate), which encourages active involvement and concept exploration by students. However, several challenges remain, including limited access to devices, teachers’ readiness to utilize technology, and suboptimal infrastructure support. Therefore, the integration of GeoGebra into quadratic function learning requires careful planning, teacher training, and adequate facility support to maximize its benefits and improve the overall quality of mathematics education.

Equal access to education is a crucial issue in Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia. Ensuring that all students, without exception, have equal access to quality education is vital for the advancement of education in the country. In this context, Management Information Systems (MIS) play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency of educational services. The implementation of MIS can streamline administrative processes, improve decision-making, and facilitate more equitable access to educational resources. This research employs a literature study approach, relying on books and journal articles as primary sources. The findings indicate that the application of MIS provides significant benefits in terms of planning, management, and evaluation. By providing real-time data, MIS enables educational institutions to make better decisions, monitor student progress, and allocate resources more effectively. Additionally, MIS enhances the transparency of educational services, ensuring that all stakeholders—students, parents, and educators—have access to important information related to educational processes and outcomes. However, challenges in the implementation of MIS remain, such as technical barriers related to inadequate infrastructure and limited access to technology, as well as human resource issues like insufficient training. To address these challenges, the research recommends providing comprehensive training programs for educators and administrators, investing in technological infrastructure, and promoting data integration across educational institutions. Overall, while MIS offers many advantages in promoting equal educational access, addressing technical and human resource challenges is crucial to fully realizing its potential in Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia.

This research examines the influence of transactional leadership and the entrepreneurial competence of school principals on the effectiveness of education financing in primary and secondary education settings. Effective education financing is essential to ensure that limited resources are allocated optimally to improve learning quality, infrastructure, and institutional sustainability. Transactional leadership—marked by clear performance standards, reward and punishment mechanisms, and strict supervision—provides a structured framework for financial accountability and goal achievement. Entrepreneurial competence, on the other hand, equips principals with the ability to recognize funding opportunities, innovate in revenue generation, and manage financial risks. The study adopts a quantitative survey design involving school principals and financial management personnel from a representative sample of public and private schools. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and analyzed through multiple regression to measure the direct and combined effects of the two independent variables on education financing effectiveness. The findings reveal that both transactional leadership and entrepreneurial competence significantly and positively affect financial effectiveness. Transactional leadership strengthens transparency and budget discipline, while entrepreneurial competence fosters diversification of funding sources and innovative financial strategies. These results highlight the strategic importance of integrating leadership development with entrepreneurial training for school principals. Strengthening these competencies not only enhances financial planning and accountability but also reduces dependence on a single funding source, supporting long-term educational sustainability. Future studies are encouraged to explore additional mediating factors such as organizational culture, technological infrastructure, and community involvement to provide a more comprehensive understanding of education financing dynamics.

This study aims to determine the implementation of financial management and infrastructure management on the quality of the learning process at Robbani Integrated Islamic Elementary School, Singosari, Malang. The background of this study is based on the importance of effective and efficient management of school resources to improve the quality of basic education as a foundation for student development. School financial management includes planning, management, supervision, and accountability of education funds, while infrastructure management focuses on the procurement, utilization, and maintenance of school facilities to support the learning process. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with a population of all teachers and education personnel at Robbani Islamic Elementary School, using data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires, documentation, and supporting interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing to examine the influence between variables. The results of the study indicate that financial management at Robbani Islamic Elementary School has been implemented based on the principles of transparency, accountability, and efficiency, reflected in the management of School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds and parent fees allocated for school operations, teacher competency improvement, and facility maintenance. In addition, school facilities and infrastructure such as classrooms, laboratories, libraries, and worship and sports facilities are already available although they still need development to better support technology-based learning. Statistical analysis revealed a significant influence of financial management and infrastructure on the quality of the learning process, as reflected in student exam results, academic and non-academic achievements, and parental satisfaction. This study recommends strengthening financial management through more careful planning and improving the quality of facilities and infrastructure to support active, innovative, creative, effective, and enjoyable learning (PAIKEM). The results of this study are expected to provide input for schools, foundations, and future researchers in developing educational policies.

This study aims to analyze the improvement functions and principles of education management in supporting digital transformation, emphasizing the use of technologies such as school management systems (SIS), learning management systems (LMS), and performance monitoring applications. The research method used was a literature review of 15 scientific articles published between 2020 and 2024, which discussed relevant issues related to digital education management. The results of the study indicate that the main functions of management in education, namely planning, organizing, directing, and controlling, are increasingly important when integrated with the principles of effectiveness, efficiency, innovation, and participation. The planning function emphasizes the development of school digitalization strategies, organizing plays a role in allocating human and technological resources, directing includes empowering teachers and students in the use of technology, while controlling functions to ensure the quality of education services is maintained during the digital transformation process. In addition, adaptive education management principles are essential. Effectiveness emphasizes the measurable achievement of digitalization goals, efficiency highlights the optimal use of resources, innovation encourages the creation of creative technology-based learning strategies, and participation invites all education stakeholders to be actively involved. Key factors supporting successful digital transformation include infrastructure readiness, improved teacher digital competency, visionary and adaptive leadership, and government policy and political support. However, this study also identified several challenges, such as disparities in access to digital infrastructure between regions, limited digital literacy among teachers and education personnel, and resistance to change. Therefore, improving the functions and principles of educational management in line with technological developments is believed to strengthen the quality, equity of access, and competitiveness of education in the digital era.

This research is motivated by the problem of the effectiveness of the BKKBN Banten Province family planning program in realizing quality families in Serang City based on Law Number 52 of 2009 concerning Population Development and Family Development. The identification of the research problem is how effective is the BKKBN Banten Province KB program in efforts to realize quality families in Serang City? and what are the factors that influence the effectiveness of the BKKBN Banten Province KB program and solutions in facing obstacles to realizing quality families in Serang City. The theory used is the theory of legal effectiveness and the theory of the welfare state. The method used is empirical juridical, the research specifications used are descriptive qualitative. Using research data sources in the form of primary data and secondary data. Meanwhile, the data collection technique used in this study uses literature studies and field research. The data analysis used is a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of this study indicate that the family planning program from the BKKBN of Banten Province has been quite effective in realizing quality families in Serang City. The conclusion of this study is that the effectiveness of the KB program in realizing quality families in Serang City is quite effective, this is based on a review of the effectiveness of law from Soerjono Soekanto on five aspects of legal effectiveness, namely legal factors, law enforcement, facilities and infrastructure, society, and culture. However, it still faces obstacles in cultural factors and its society. In addition, the iBangga value in Serang City is 53.41, which indicates that Serang City is in the fairly good (developing) category. This study shows the role of the government in improving the welfare and quality of life of the community. In this case, in an effort to fulfill social services through the BKKBN Banten Province family planning program which aims to realize quality families in Serang City. The obstacles faced require improvements in the legal culture factor that needs to be improved with education and socialization in order to build awareness of the Serang City community about the importance of following the family planning program in realizing quality families in Serang City.