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This study was motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in Physics subjects in class XII MIPA 7 at SMAN 1 Cikalongwetan, where most students had not reached the minimum mastery criteria. The purpose of this research was to improve student learning outcomes through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. The study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, each consisting of two meetings. Each cycle included planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through observations and written tests. The results showed an improvement in student learning outcomes after the implementation of the PBL model, as indicated by the increased number of students achieving scores above the minimum standard and a higher percentage of overall mastery. These findings suggest that the Problem-Based Learning model can be an effective solution to enhance student achievement in Physics. The implication of this study emphasizes the importance of the teacher’s role in designing student-centered learning and facilitating critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

This research aims to analyze and develop students' science process skills, particularly in the use of measuring instruments, and their influence on understanding the concepts of quantities and units in physics. This research is motivated by the importance of mastering skills in using measuring instruments in physics learning, as well as the need for innovative teaching materials to improve students' understanding of fundamental concepts. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative approach is used to analyze data on students' skills in using measuring instruments and their understanding of concepts through tests. Meanwhile, the qualitative approach is employed to analyze data from observations and interviews with students and teachers regarding the effectiveness of using guided inquiry-based interactive multimedia teaching materials. The interactive multimedia teaching materials developed in this research are designed to facilitate learning about measuring instruments and measurement using a guided inquiry approach. A behavioristic approach is also considered in the development of these teaching materials to ensure students receive appropriate reinforcement throughout the learning process. Through this research, it is hoped that effective ways to develop students' science process skills and enhance their understanding of measuring instruments and measurement concepts in physics will be discovered, ultimately improving physics learning outcomes as a whole.

This article discusses the importance of understanding heat convection in fluids in the context of physics and engineering. Using first order Simple Differential Equations (PDS), we can analyze the temperature distribution in a fluid over time and space in high detail. PDS allows modeling heat convection by considering parameters such as temperature differences and fluid flow velocity. Numerical methods are used to complete the PDS computationally, while data collection techniques through literature studies provide an in-depth understanding of relevant theories and previous findings. With the application of PDS and numerical methods, we can better understand and predict heat transfer in fluids, which has wide applications in engineering, biology, and physics. In conclusion, this article provides a comprehensive insight into the use of PDS in the analysis of heat convection in static and dynamic fluids, with a focus on mathematical and computational approaches to better understand this phenomenon.    

This research aims to evaluate the use of the spinning top method in improving students' ability to understand physics concepts. The spinning top method, which involves active and interactive learning through physical demonstrations, is used as an alternative approach in teaching physics. This research involved students as research subjects and was carried out by comparing learning outcomes between the group that received training using the gasing method and the control group that used the conventional method. Data was collected through physics concept understanding tests before and after the intervention, as well as through classroom observations. Data analysis was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the spinning top method in increasing students' understanding of physics concepts. It is hoped that the research results can provide valuable insight for educational practitioners in developing more interactive and effective learning strategies in the context of physics learning.

In this study, researchers approached the study through theory and physics. Surabaya has established itself as a city of services and commerce. In addition, Surabaya is a business city where various events take place. As a shop, Surabaya is a one-stop shop. All activities take place here and all supporting facilities are available. Trading is the main activity in Surabaya. Geographically, Surabaya actually emerged as a commercial city. Since the colonial era, the kingdom of the Majapahit era, trade has become the main activity. Currently trading activities in Surabaya are not limited to regional and national needs. Surabaya has become a city of international trade. As a commercial city, Surabaya has several important pillars. These places become spaces for commercial activities. The modern market is the most important pillar of Surabaya's status as a commercial city. Attractive layout, comfortable atmosphere, and competitive prices are the hallmarks of a modern market that fits with the dense activity of city dwellers. Modern markets are scattered throughout the center and suburbs of Surabaya. The presence of many modern markets provides more choices for the community. This number will continue to grow as investment in Surabaya increases. Kampung Surabaya is a living space for Surabaya residents. Apart from houses, villages in Surabaya are also production centers. The village is now emerging as a small economic center. Each village has its own special food, pastries, jewelry, clothing and more. Due to the influence of the city government, these villages are now designated as leading villages and have the potential to strengthen the economy of the less fortunate.

Yogyakarta is one of the provinces in indonesia that has many culture, among them is sekaten tradition. Sekaten is a culture to commemorate the birth of prophet Muhammad SAW by Kesultanan Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat. The activities include playing gamelan in Masjid Gede from 5 to 12 Rabiul Awal and closing by grebeg, parade of gunungan to be shared to society. Implementation sekaten in physics learning is a challenge for physics teacher in globalization era. This article aims to integrate physics curriculum in Indonesia and sekaten tradition. This reseach used qualitative method. The impacts are physics teachers can improve skill to manage learning from local culture. Hence, this article discuss method to analysis competence from physics curriculum in Indonesia which integrated sekaten tradition. This result is expected to be guidelines physics teachers to teached physics based sekaten tradition. Futhermore, it can improve student knowledge and attention about local culture

This study aims to design and develop an effective learning media and become a media to assist in studying Physics in depth at SMK Mataram Semarang, especially in the Impulse and Momentum material. Physics becomes a boring subject for students, because many students think that Physics is a lesson that is difficult to understand, less interesting and feels monotonous. This has an impact on decreasing students' interest and value in studying Physics.The research was conducted using the Research and Development (R&D) method with six stages, namely Research and Information Collecting (Research and Information Gathering), Planning (planning), Develop Premliminary Form of Product (Product Design Making), Premliminary Field Testing (Product Design Validation) , Main Product Revision (Design Revision), Main Field Testing (Product Testing of Products in the Field by Prospective Users). Determination of the feasibility level of multimedia-based learning media based on design validation by experts and product trials to students using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The development of multimedia-based learning devices can develop devices that have been used so far, from conventional devices to become more interesting learning media. The application of multimedia-based learning media can help support the teaching and learning process to make it easier to explain or deliver material to students. In addition, it can help students to understand more deeply so that students' scores can be increased more than without using learning media.

Abstract: The principles of legal certainty very dominating in the law enforcement inIndonesia. The principle of legal certainty that comes from century XVII/XVIIIin Europe is a great idea from tangible in writing, made by competentauthorities. The term of analytical jurisprudence indicates that the law shoulbe removed from the study of metaphysics. Doctrine analytical jurisprudenceannnot be implemented just after about two centuries introduction by theoriginators. It is doe to changes and development of society so rapidly. Forthose in law enforcement must look spirit and the time made law. Don’t justlook at the text but the context of the law with the purpose of the law.Key word: law enforcement, Analytical Jurisprudence,religion models of reinforcement.