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Early detection of a potential heart attack is a crucial step in preventing sudden death from heart disease. This research aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based health monitoring system capable of measuring vital body data in real time and predicting the likelihood of a heart attack from CSV data obtained from sensors, integrated through RapidMiner as learning data using a machine learning algorithm, the Support Vector Machine (SVM). The system was built using an ESP32 microcontroller connected to a MAX30102 sensor to measure heart rate and finger oxygen levels (SpO₂), as well as a DHT22 sensor to measure temperature and humidity. The resulting data is sent to the Blynk application to display real-time data according to its parameters. The initial prediction logic was developed using a rule-based method based on medical thresholds for four vital parameters. The data was then used to train an SVM model as a classification system to detect potential heart attacks. Test results showed that the system can identify abnormal conditions with a good level of accuracy and provide early warnings based on changes in vital parameters in real time. This system is expected to be an initial solution for personal health monitoring, especially for individuals at risk of heart disease. It can be further developed with cloud integration and automatic notifications to users' devices.

The rise of social media has created a digital public sphere that enables users to express their opinions on social and political issues openly and in real-time. One of the most discussed topics on social media platform X is the trending hashtag #IndonesiaGelap, which reflects public concern and criticism regarding various governmental and societal conditions. This study aims to conduct sentiment analysis on tweets containing the hashtag to determine the overall sentiment trend among users. The method employed in this research is the Naive Bayes classification algorithm, known for its simplicity and effectiveness in text classification. To enhance the model’s performance, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied to optimize feature selection and parameter tuning. The dataset consists of public tweets collected via the Twitter API, followed by preprocessing, feature extraction using TF-IDF, and sentiment classification into three categories: positive, negative, and neutral. The results indicate that the integration of PSO significantly improves the classification accuracy of the Naive Bayes model compared to the baseline. The majority of tweets related to #IndonesiaGelap exhibit a negative sentiment, indicating widespread public dissatisfaction and criticism. This research is expected to contribute to a better understanding of public perception and serve as valuable input for stakeholders in addressing social issues in the digital age.

Based on the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, the prevalence of overweight among adults reached 23.4% nationally and 24.5% in East Java Province. This condition highlights the need for food innovation, particularly high-fiber snacks suitable for overweight adults. This study aimed to develop cereal based on okara (soy pulp) flour and mung bean flour as an alternative high-fiber food product. Organoleptic testing was conducted on 30 semi-trained panelists evaluating color, aroma, texture, and taste using hedonic and hedonic quality tests. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Mann–Whitney test, while nutrient content analysis was analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test. The results showed that in the hedonic test, color, texture, and taste parameters were significantly different (p<0.05), while aroma was not significantly different (p>0.05). In the hedonic quality test, color and taste showed significant differences (p<0.05), whereas aroma and texture did not (p>0.05). Overall, formulation 922 was the most preferred by panelists. The nutritional content of the cereal ranged from 407–410 kcal for energy, 76.44–77.53% carbohydrates, 8.91–9.66% protein, 6.80–7.30% fat, 5.20–5.51% moisture, 1.26–1.41% ash, and 9.72–10.90% total dietary fiber. The developed cereal is classified as a high-fiber food and has potential as a healthy snack for overweight adults.

The optimal therapeutic impact of local vaginal drug delivery systems is strongly influenced by the physical characteristics balance of Solid Vaginal Suppositories. A comprehensive review regarding the comparison of mechanical profiles, specifically melting time and crushing strength parameters, from various base classifications constitutes the primary objective of this literature research. The implementation of a Literature Review study design was executed through the extraction of empirical data from twelve experimental journals published within the last ten years. Excessively rapid phase transformation characteristics at physiological basal temperatures and low compression resistance were consistently demonstrated by lipophilic bases such as Oleum Cacao. The risk of structural deformation during the distribution process is highly susceptible to unmodified lipid preparations. High surface elasticity accompanied by a delay in molecular hydration duration reaching 120 minutes was recorded in the utilization of Glycerinated Gelatin Base. Structural rigidity exceeding 4 kgF and disintegration time efficiency under 60 minutes were optimally demonstrated by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Base. An enhancement in mechanical resistance against external shocks during the storage period is offered by the thorough modification of the synthetic polymer ratios. Therefore, the determination of the PEG base as the most optimal material is recommended to maintain the quality stability of pharmaceutical products. Compendial regulation standards regarding the physical strength testing of pharmaceutical preparations must be obeyed by every institution to ensure long-term treatment effectiveness. Thus, the alignment between active substance release duration and physical preparation endurance can be realized for absolute patient comfort.

This research aims to compare coal quality based on proximate analysis in two seams with varying depths in Pit North and evaluate the relationship between depth and coal quality parameters. The research method includes taking representative samples at each seam and proximate analysis laboratory testing including inherent moisture, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon. The results showed that seam 1 at an average depth of 59.8 m had an inherent moisture value of 13.51%, ash 4.68%, volatile matter 39.93%, and fixed carbon 41.88%, while seam 2 at an average depth of 82.1 m had inherent moisture 13.42%, ash 4.59%, volatile matter 40.15%, and fixed carbon. 41.84%. Correlation analysis shows that the relationship between depth and coal quality parameters is relatively weak with correlation coefficient values ​​ranging from −0.36 to 0.25 and a low coefficient of determination, so that variations in depth do not have a significant influence on coal quality at the research location.

Blast hole drilling is an initial stage that plays a critical role in determining the success of blasting activities in mining and construction operations. Drilling quality directly affects rock fragmentation, drilling equipment efficiency, drilling equipment productivity, as well as blasting safety and costs. This study aims to analyze the influence of drilling parameters on blast hole quality, including hole diameter, drilling depth, hole inclination, and the suitability of drilling patterns with respect to the planned blasting design. The research methodology involves field observations, actual measurements of drill holes, and analysis of data obtained from drilling and blasting productivity. The results show that deviations in hole depth and direction can lead to irregular distribution of blasting energy, resulting in suboptimal rock fragmentation and an increased potential for flyrock and overbreak. In addition, the selection of appropriate drilling methods and equipment based on rock mass characteristics has been proven to improve productivity and blast hole quality. Therefore, controlling drilling parameters and implementing proper operational procedures are essential to enhance the overall effectiveness and productivity of blasting activities. This study is expected to serve as a reference for the planning and evaluation of blast hole drilling activities to achieve more efficient, safe, and economical operations.

The legal profession plays a vital role in the judicial system to ensure the principle of equality before the law as well as fair and accountable legal proceedings. In accordance with Law No. 18 of 2003 on Advocates, an advocate is an autonomous, independent, and accountable legal professional who is granted immunity as stipulated in Articles 14, 15, and 16, which provide protection from civil and criminal claims when acting in good faith while performing their duties. However, in practice, the scope of this immunity often leads to differing interpretations, particularly regarding the parameters of “good faith” and the scope of “professional duties,” which can result in the criminalization of lawyers. This is evident in the case of Hendra Sianipar, where a lawyer’s actions in exercising legal authority were instead subject to criminal prosecution. This study aims to examine the limits of attorney immunity and explore the potential for criminalization of this profession using a normative legal approach combined with a legal utility analysis. The findings of this study indicate that attorney immunity is not absolute but is limited by good faith, compliance with the law, and professional ethics, thus requiring clearer and more balanced clarification of these limits.

Critically ill patients are individuals with unstable health conditions who require close monitoring of hemodynamic parameters. The high mortality rate among critically ill patients treated in intensive care units reaches 36.5% of 33,148 patients. Hemodynamic instability in critically ill patients can be influenced by underlying diseases, medical interventions, as well as physical and psychological stress responses during treatment. Therefore, in addition to pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological interventions such as Asmaul Husna dhikr therapy are needed, as they can provide a relaxation effect and help stabilize hemodynamic parameters in critically ill patients. To determine the outcomes of the implementation of Asmaul Husna dhikr therapy. This study used a descriptive case study method involving two critically ill patients with unstable non-invasive hemodynamic parameters. Changes in non-invasive hemodynamic parameters were observed in both respondents after the implementation of Asmaul Husna dhikr therapy. In respondent 1, the hemodynamic status was initially categorized as increased and became stable after the intervention. Similarly, in respondent 2, the hemodynamic status changed from increased before the intervention to stable after the intervention. The implementation of Asmaul Husna dhikr therapy can be used as a complementary therapy to help stabilize hemodynamic parameters in critically ill patients.

The evaluation of haul road geometry at PT Trubaindo Coal Mining was conducted to ensure that the haul road from the stockroom to the jetty meets applicable technical standards, thereby supporting the smoothness, safety, and efficiency of coal transportation activities. This study aims to analyze the conformity of haul road geometric parameters, including straight road width, curve width, curve radius, cross slope, longitudinal grade, and superelevation, based on the standards of AASHTO 7th Edition and Kepmen 1827 of 2018. The research method employed field measurements using a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), followed by data processing using Maptek and Surpac software. The obtained data were then compared with the applicable standards to determine the level of conformity of the haul road geometry. Based on field measurements, the average values obtained were 14.99 m for straight road width, 18.45 m for curve width, 0.22 m for cross slope, 6.97% for grade, 223.51 m for curve radius, and 1.40 m for superelevation. Furthermore, based on calculations and analysis referring to AASHTO 7th Edition and Kepmen 1827 of 2018, and considering the largest haulage equipment used (Volvo FMX 480), the ideal haul road geometry values were determined as follows: 13 m for straight road width, 17 m for curve width, 124 m for curve radius, 0.26 m for cross slope, 1 m for superelevation, and 6% for grade based on PT Trubaindo Coal Mining standards.

The provision of grants by local governments to vertical agencies of the central government often raises legal tensions over local fiscal autonomy. This study aims to examine the implications of such grant disbursements through the lens of the General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB) and the principles of good financial governance. Employing a normative legal research method, this study analyzes the coherence between the discretionary powers of regional heads and the standards of clean governance. The research findings indicate that grant policies for central government agencies often disregard the principles of prudence and utility, with local budget allocations instead used to fund matters constitutionally the responsibility of the central government (the State Budget). This practice has the potential to become a source of abuse of authority (detournement de pouvoir) if not grounded in objective parameters of local public needs. This study concludes that evaluating grant policies through the AUPB framework, particularly regarding transparency, accountability, and participation, is crucial to preventing local financial subordination. More restrictive regulatory reforms are needed to ensure that grant expenditures remain focused on improving the quality of public services and community welfare at the local level without compromising national fiscal stability.

Low-rank coal generally has a high moisture content, which results in a low calorific value and suboptimal quality for utilization as an energy source. One method that can be applied to improve coal quality is the Upgrading Brown Coal (UBC) process, which functions to reduce moisture content and increase fixed carbon value. This study aims to analyze the effect of heating time and the ratio of used oil composition on improving coal quality based on proximate parameters. The research method includes collecting coal samples from four locations in Samarinda and its surrounding areas, namely SMAN 1 Samarinda, Bhineka Street, Palaran Stadium, and Tani Bakti Village. The samples were analyzed using proximate analysis, including inherent moisture (IM), ash content (AC), volatile matter (VM), and fixed carbon (FC), both before and after the UBC process. The upgrading process was carried out with variations in heating time and used oil composition as a coating medium to enhance coal stability and prevent moisture reabsorption. The final results of the upgrading process showed the best values of inherent moisture at 13.64%, ash content at 4.66%, volatile matter at 55.06%, and fixed carbon at 44.94%. The results indicate that the UBC process is capable of reducing inherent moisture and increasing fixed carbon, thereby improving coal quality. Variations in heating time and used oil composition have a significant effect on changes in proximate parameters. Longer heating time and an appropriate ratio of used oil composition result in a more optimal improvement in coal quality.

This study aimed to determine the effect of coffee husk waste application and shallot extract soaking on the growth of cat’s whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus) cuttings. The research employed a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of two factors with 48 experimental plots. The first factor was the application of coffee husk waste, symbolized as “L,” with four treatment levels: L0 = 0 g/polybag (without coffee husk waste), L1 = 75 g/polybag, L2 = 150 g/polybag, and L3 = 225 g/polybag. The second factor was shallot extract soaking, symbolized as “B,” with four treatment levels: B0 = 0 ml/L of water, B1 = 5 ml/L of water, B2 = 10 ml/L of water, and B3 = 15 ml/L of water. Thus, there were 16 treatment combinations with three replications. The observed parameters included time to shoot emergence, number of shoots, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and survival percentage. The results showed that the application of coffee husk waste and shallot extract soaking had no significant effect on the growth of cat’s whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus) cuttings across all observed parameters.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a horticultural plant widely used as a fresh vegetable and herbal ingredient. Efforts to increase basil growth and production can be achieved through environmentally friendly organic fertilization, one of which is the use of cow manure and eco- enzymes. The purpose of this study was to determine the response due to the provision of eco enzyme and cow manure on the growth and production of basil plants. This research method used a factorial randomized block design (RAK) with two factors. The first factor was the provision of cow manure with 4 levels, namely S0 = no treatment, S1 = 200g, S2 = 300g, S3 = 400g. The second factor was the provision of EE with 4 levels, namely E0 = no treatment, E1 = 10ml, E2 = 20ml, E3 = 30ml. The observation parameters of this study were plant height, stem diameter, number of primary branches, fresh weight, root length, flowering age. The results of this study are expected to provide recommendations for effective organic fertilization to increase basil plant productivity sustainably.

The purpose of this study was to determine how the application of Local Microorganisms (LOM) from stale rice and oil palm boiler ash impacts the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) and to determine the interaction between the two treatments. Shallots are a horticultural commodity with high economic value, so efforts are needed to increase production through the use of environmentally friendly organic materials. The study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was LOM from stale rice with four levels (0, 20, 40, and 60 ml/L water/plot) and the second factor was oil palm boiler ash with four levels (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 grams/plot), resulting in 16 treatment combinations and 48 experimental plots. The parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, fresh weight of bulbs, dry weight of bulbs, and bulb diameter. If there was a significant effect, the data were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA). This research is expected to produce scientific data on the use of organic waste as an environmentally friendly fertilizer alternative.

Calcium deficiency among Indonesian adolescents remains a nutritional concern that necessitates the development of food products utilizing alternative calcium sources. Eggshell powder has potential as a calcium fortification ingredient due to its high calcium content and abundance as food waste. This study aimed to analyze the effect of eggshell powder substitution on the organoleptic characteristics and acceptability of oatmeal cookies among adolescents aged 10–15 years. This experimental study used a Completely Randomized Design with four substitution levels: 0% (F0), 5% (F1), 6% (F2), and 7% (F3). Organoleptic quality testing was conducted by three trained panelists, while hedonic testing was performed by 30 adolescent panelists on selected formulas (F0, F2, F3), analyzed using the Friedman test (α = 0.05). Organoleptic quality results showed that F2 and F3 had characteristics closest to the control, while F1 showed higher negative attribute intensity in taste and texture parameters. Hedonic test results showed no significant differences between formulas across all parameters (p > 0.05), with mean scores ranging from 3.87 to 4.63 out of a scale of 5 (very much liked). Formula F3 is recommended as the best formula as it demonstrated acceptability comparable to the control while containing the highest calcium substitution level.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a cardiovascular disease that frequently causes shortness of breath (dyspnea) and negatively impacts patients’ quality of life. The management of dyspnea involves not only pharmacological approaches but also nonpharmacological interventions, one of which is handheld fan therapy, which works by stimulating sensory receptors in the facial area. This study aims to describe the effect of handheld fan therapy on reducing shortness of breath in patients with CHF. This study employed a descriptive design using a case report method on a single 63-year-old female patient diagnosed with CHF. The intervention was conducted over four days, involving the use of a handheld fan for 10 minutes, held at a distance of 15–30 cm from the face and directed toward the nose and mouth. Measurements were taken before and after the intervention using respiratory rate and oxygen saturation as parameters. The results showed a gradual decrease in respiratory rate from 24 breaths/minute to 18 breaths/minute, as well as an increase in oxygen saturation from 91% to 96% during the intervention period. These findings indicate an improvement in breathing patterns and increased respiratory efficiency in the patient. Handheld fan therapy is effective as a nonpharmacological intervention for reducing shortness of breath and improving oxygenation in patients with CHF. This intervention is safe, easy to use, and can be implemented as a complementary therapy in nursing practice.

This review article evaluates the physical characteristics and stability of Oil in Water (O/W) and Water in Oil (W/O) creams through a comparative literature study published between 2021 and 2026. The evaluation focuses on important parameters, including viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, pH, and accelerated stability testing. The findings reveal that O/W creams generally have lower viscosity and greater spreadability, making them more suitable for daily cosmetic and therapeutic applications due to their lighter texture and better aesthetic acceptance. In contrast, W/O creams demonstrate higher physical stability, stronger adhesion, and superior occlusive properties, which are beneficial for protecting sensitive active ingredients and maintaining skin hydration over longer periods. The differences in performance are strongly influenced by the optimization of emulsifier Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) values and the ratio between oil and water phases. Both cream types show good biocompatibility with skin pH ranging from 4.5 to 6.5, indicating their safety and effectiveness for topical pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.

Effervescent granules are a pharmaceutical dosage form that offer advantages in terms of ease of use, improved palatability, and rapid solubility in water. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical properties of vitamin C Effervescent granules using the dry granulation method. The main materials used included ascorbic acid as the active substance, citric acid and tartaric acid as acid sources, and sodium bicarbonate as the base source. Evaluation was carried out on organoleptic properties, flow properties, pH, angle of repose, moisture content, density, compressibility index, and dispersion time. The results showed that the granules met the requirements for organoleptic properties, pH (4–5), angle of repose (38.41°), compressibility index (12.3%), and dissolution time (49.62 seconds). However, the flow property (29.11 seconds) and moisture content (6.47%) did not meet the established standards. These findings indicate that the formulated granules met most of the evaluation parameters but still require optimization, particularly in the drying process and flow properties, to obtain a more stable and high-quality dosage form.

Introduction: Additive Manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the production of complex geometries, offering flexibility, customization, and precision across various industries. However, optimizing multiple process parameters simultaneously to enhance AM performance remains a significant challenge. This study focuses on improving both mechanical properties and surface quality by utilizing multi-objective optimization techniques. Literature Review: The research reviews existing approaches in AM optimization, highlighting the limitations of single-objective optimization and the potential of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). Previous studies demonstrate the difficulty of balancing competing objectives, such as tensile strength and surface roughness, within AM processes. Materials and Method: This study employs NSGA-II, MOEA/D, and SPEA2 algorithms to optimize AM parameters like layer thickness, build orientation, and infill density. The optimization aims to improve mechanical performance, including tensile strength and impact resistance, while reducing build time and surface roughness. The methodology integrates experimental validation with computational predictions to evaluate the effectiveness of these algorithms. Results and Discussion: The optimization process yielded Pareto-optimal solutions that balanced mechanical strength and surface quality. The results demonstrated improvements in tensile strength and surface finish without significantly increasing build time. Trade-off analysis highlighted the inherent conflicts between mechanical performance and surface quality, allowing for better decision-making in industrial applications. The study contributes to the AM industry by offering a comprehensive optimization framework for improving both efficiency and product quality.

separating and shredding organic and inorganic waste. This study aims to analyze the process of shredding household waste using the Computational Fluid Dynamics–Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) and determine the optimal operational parameters based on variations in rotor speed. The research method uses numerical simulation with SolidWorks 2024 software for geometric modeling and Ansys Rocky 2023 R1 for CFD-DEM simulation. The rotor speed variations used are 1000 RPM, 2500 RPM, and 4000 RPM with a mass flow rate of 4 tons/hour and a simulation duration of 2 seconds. The parameters analyzed included particle mass flow rate, shredding characteristics, and power consumption. The simulation results showed that a speed of 1000 RPM produced the most optimal performance with a maximum capacity of ±4 tons/hour and a stable shredding response compared to other variations. At 2500 RPM, there were high fluctuations with low capacity (±0.6 tons/hour), while at 4000 RPM, the capacity was moderate (±1.1 tons/hour) but still did not exceed the performance of 1000 RPM. Based on these results, it can be concluded that a rotor speed parameter of 1000 RPM is the most effective condition for improving the grinding efficiency and production capacity of a hammer mill-type Depackaging machine based on CFD-DEM simulation.