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Childbirth is often perceived as frightening and causing extreme pain. Some mothers also feel traumatized by their first childbirth process because of various difficulties and pain during childbirth so that they are reluctant to plan to have children again. Labor pain is caused by uterine contractions and dilation of the cervix and lower uterine segment. Survey data from PMB Restu Bunda in 2024 on 5 mothers who gave birth, it was found that overall respondents experienced pain, as many as 3 people with a pain scale of 7 (severe pain) and as many as 2 people with a pain scale of 6 (moderate pain). One non-pharmacological therapy that can reduce the intensity of pain is back massage using Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). The research objective was to determine the effect of back massage with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) on the intensity of active labor pain in the first stage of labor at the IMP Restu Bunda Gunung Terang Sub-District of West Tulang Bawang Regency. The quantitative research type is a pre-experimental design, one group pre-test - post-test design. The population in this study were all mothers who were going to give birth, as many as 22 mothers, with a sample of 18 people taken by accidental sampling. The study was conducted at the IMP Restu Bunda of Gunung Terang Sub-District West Tulang Bawang Regency. Data collection used observation sheets. Data analysis was carried out using univariate and bivariate tests (Wilcoxon test). The study results showed that the average labor pain before being given a back massage with virgin coconut oil (VCO) was 7.0 and after being given a back massage with virgin coconut oil (VCO) was 5.2. There was an influence of back massage with virgin coconut oil (VCO) on the intensity of active labor pain in the first stage at the IMP Restu Bunda of Gunung Terang Sub-District of West Tulang Bawang Regency with a p-value = 0.001 (p-value <α = 0.05). Suggestions for health workers can recommend back massage with virgin coconut oil (VCO) can be used as complementary therapy for mothers in the first stage of labor.

During pregnancy, a woman must be able to adapt to various physical changes that often occur and can cause uncomfortable conditions, such as back pain which begins to be felt in the second and third trimesters. If this condition is not treated immediately, it can cause anxiety and disruption to the pregnant woman's activities. As a way to reduce complaints of back pain, pregnant women can do prenatal gentle yoga exercises. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of prenatal yoga in reducing pain in the lower back of pregnant women at the Ngletih Community Health Center, Kediri City. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of prenatal yoga in reducing pain in the lower back of pregnant women at the Ngletih Community Health Center, Kediri City. Research method: This research adopted a quantitative design with a Pre-Experimental design, using the One Group Pretest-Posttest method. The sample of pregnant women in the second and third trimesters was 31 respondents. The sampling method involved Total Sampling and the use of a pain level measuring tool with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), while data analysis used the Wilcoxon Test. Research Results: Before carrying out prenatal yoga exercises, the majority of pregnant women felt lower back pain on a mild scale, the number of respondents was 17 (54.8%). After doing prenatal yoga exercises twice in 2 weeks, the majority of pregnant women no longer felt back pain, the number of respondents was 18 pregnant women (58%). The p-value of the analysis using the Wilcoxon test is 0.000.

Childbirth is a natural way that every mother must go through where the results of conception in the form of a baby and placenta are released from the uterus. Normal labor is characterized by uterine contractions that cause thinning, dilation of the cervix and push the fetus out through the birth canal, causing a sensation of pain felt by the mother. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an Effect of Murrotal Al-Qur'an Therapy on Reducing the Intensity of Labor Pain in the First Active Phase at the Juliana Dalimunthe Clinic. The research method used was Pre-Experiment One Group Pre and Posttest Design. Samples were taken by Accidental Sampling from mothers in the first active phase of labor who met the inclusion criteria totaling 30 people. Data collection was carried out using a face pain rating scale questionnaire. Data analysis with the Shapiro Wilk test and tested with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test statistical test. The results of the study conducted from May to July, found the average pain scale before therapy was 6.83 and the average after therapy was 6.17, the decrease in pain scale from before to after Murottal therapy was 0.66. From the statistical test, the P value = 0.001 was obtained, indicating that there was an effect of Murottal Al-Qur'an therapy on reducing the intensity of labor pain. The conclusion of this study is that the provision of Murottal Al-Qur'an therapy has been proven to be able to reduce labor pain in the first active phase. It is hoped that the provision of Murottal Al-Qur'an therapy will be an alternative intervention in reducing labor pain in the first active phase.

Primary dysmenorrhoea is a reproductive health problem that is often experienced by adolescent girls. Primary dysmenorrhoea causes discomfort (pain) and other problems. If not treated immediately, it will interfere with learning, daily activities, and school performance. Efforts to treat primary dysmenorrhoea that can be done nonpharmacologically using SEFT therapy. This therapy combines spiritual, physical, and psychological. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of SEFT therapy on primary dysmenorrhoea pain in adolescent girls. The method used was quasi experiment with non-equivalent control group design approach. Samples were selected using purposive sampling as many as 32 adolescents who were divided into intervention groups and control groups. The instruments used were pictorial SEFT therapy procedure, observation sheet, and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data analysis used paired t-test and independent t-test. The results of the analysis showed a decrease in the pain scale in the intervention group with an average of 5.87 to 2.37 and bivariate analysis with a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). So it can be concluded that there is an effect of SEFT therapy on primary dysmenorrhoea pain in adolescent girls.

This research is a comprehensive midwifery care case study on Mrs. K from pregnancy to postpartum family planning conducted at the PMB Okta Saprina, S.Tr.Keb and Mrs. K's home from October-December 2023. The assessment during pregnancy found complaints of frequent urination which were addressed by counseling on reducing drinking at night. During labor, Mrs. K experienced severe pain on a scale of 8, which was reduced to moderate pain on a scale of 5 after being given lavender aromatherapy. Labor care stages I-IV were normal according to theory and without complications. The baby was born spontaneously, full-term, without complications. During the postpartum period, Mrs. K experienced breast engorgement which was treated with aloe vera compresses for 7 days until the complaint was resolved. Care for the newborn and postpartum period was according to standards. At 42 days postpartum, Mrs. K chose to use 3-month injectable contraception after being screened with the KLOP wheel. The management provided to Mrs. K was in accordance with evidence-based practice in providing comprehensive midwifery care, namely counseling for frequent urination, lavender aromatherapy for labor pain, and aloe vera compresses for breast engorgement with satisfactory results.

The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the world has doubled. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of giving lemongrass compresses on rheumatoid arthritis pain in the elderly in the Kuta Baro Health Center Working Area, Aceh Besar Regency. This research method uses a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest approach with a population of 317 people and a sample size of 15 people, the sampling technique is purposive sampling. This research was conducted from 30 May to 6 June 2024 using univariate and bivariate analysis using the Paired T test. The results of the study showed that before being given the lemongrass warm compress the average pain level of the respondents was 4.60, whereas after being given the lemongrass warm compress the average pain level was 2.53 with a decrease of 2.067 with a ρ value of 0.000, meaning there was a relationship with the lemongrass warm compress with rheumatoid arthritis pain in the elderly. The conclusion is that there is an effect of warm lemongrass compresses on rheumatoid arthritis pain in the elderly because warm lemongrass compresses have a positive impact on reducing rheumatoid arthritis pain in the elderly. It is hoped that rheumatoid arthritis sufferers will carry out non-pharmacological therapy using lemongrass if their pain scale is still in the mild and moderate category.

Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological complaint caused by an imbalance of the hormone progesterone in the blood, resulting in pain during menstruation which often occurs in women. One effort to treat menstrual pain is non-pharmacological therapy with endhorpine massage. The aim of the research was to analyze the effect of endorpine massage on dysmenorrhoea in young women at SMA Takwa Palembang. The research method uses quasi-experimental one group pretest and posttest. The population is all class X female students. The total sample was 28 people taken using purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) which was measured before after the endorphin massage. Results: The average pain scale before endorpine massage was 4.83 (moderate pain) with a maximum value of 6 and a minimum value of 4. In the second measurement, the average pain scale was 2.61 (mild pain) with a maximum value of 4 and a minimum of 2. Results paired t test obtained α 0.022 < 0.05. Conclusion: There is an effect of endorphin massage on dysmenorrhoea in young women at SMA Takwa Palembang. It is hoped that related parties will develop complementary therapies to treat menstrual pain in adolescents through education.

Gout arthritis is a disease in which there is excessive accumulation of uric acid in the body. Based on WHO, the prevalence of gouty arthritis in the world is 34.2%. The impact of gouty arthritis pain can be caused in the form of decreased quality of life of sufferers due to pain that greatly interferes with daily activities: Research objectives the description of the pain level of gouty arthritis in UPTD Puskesmas 1 Baturetno Wonogiri. Methods: Descriptive with a quantitative approach. The research subjects were 196 patients with purposive sampling technique totaling 66 patients. Research instrument (NRS) nurmetic rating scale. Results: Characteristics The majority of gouty arthritis pain levels were elderly at 35 respondents (53%), female gender at 37 (56.1%), the majority of the length of suffering ≥ 5 years at 44 (67.7%), the majority of moderate pain levels with a scale of 4-6 at 31 (47%). Conclusion: the description of the pain level of gouty arthritis at UPTD Puskesmas 1 Baturetno is mostly elderly, female gender, long suffering ≥ 5 years, moderate pain level.

Caesarean section (CS) delivery is a surgical process to deliver a fetus through an incision in the abdominal wall and uterine wall. The purpose of this paper is to determine and provide nursing care for Mrs. Swith post-operative cesarean section indications of fetal distress in the Nusa Indah ward of dr. Soeselo hospital, Tegal Regency in accordance with nursing standards. The method used is descriptive with a case study approach. The data collection tchniques in this scientific paper are in the form of interviews, observations, documentation studies and literature studies. From the case review, it was found that the client’s main complaint was pain in the surgical stitches, P: pain when moving, Q: pain like being pressed, R: pain in the surgical stitches, S: scale 5, T: intermittent. The nursing problems found were acute pain, impaired skin/tissue integrity and knowledge deficit. Interventions were arranged based on the theory in DKI, SLKI and SIKI as well as on the client’s condition and could be implemented.  

Background: Menstrual pain in the world is very high, 50% of women worldwide, Bulgaria 8.8%, Finland 94% while Indonesia 64.25%. Menstrual pain causes short and long term adverse effects including interference with daily activities and even an increase in absenteeism at the campus, long-term effects cause tissue growth outside the uterus. Menstrual pain can be treated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. One of the non-pharmacological therapies is inhaling lemon aromatherapy. Limeone contains lots of vitamin C which will control prostaglandins and reduce pain. Objective: To describe the results before and after the application of lemon aromatherapy on reducing menstrual pain. Methods: Case study with descriptive design on 2 respondents who were given lemon aromatherapy for 15 minutes twice a day for 2 days, and measured using Numeric Rating Scale. Results: After lemon aromatherapy was performed on both respondents with menstrual pain, it showed a decrease in the pain scale from moderate pain to mild pain. Conclusion: The application of lemon aromatherapy can reduce menstrual pain in female students from moderate to mild

Background: The prevalence of gouty arthritis has increased significantly by 2023, reaching 33.3% according to WHO. In Indonesia, 35% of cases occur in men aged over 45 years, while Central Java has a prevalence of 26.4%. In Sukoharjo District, Mandan Village recorded the highest number of gout patients with 150 cases, followed by Gayam (75 cases) and Sukoharjo (35 cases). The use of warm water compresses is recommended to relieve joint pain due to gouty arthritis by increasing blood flow and reducing joint stiffness. Objective: Knowing changes in the pain scale in two respondents with gouty arthritis before and after a warm compress method: This research is applied research with a case study using pre-post test results: There was a decrease in Mrs. S's pain scale which initially 6 decreased to 3 while in Mr. T, the pain scale 7 decreased to 5. Mr. T is a pain scale of 7 decreasing to 5. Conclusion: After the application of warm compresses on Mrs. S and Mr. T, there was a decrease in the pain scale. T there is a decrease in the pain scale. Mrs. S from moderate pain to mild pain, Mr. T from severe pain to moderate pain. T from severe pain to moderatepain. This shows that warm compresses can reduce pain in people with gout.

Gastritis is a disease that is often found in the general public, this disease affects all walks of life according to the World Health Organization. The incidence of gastritis in the world is around 1.8-2.1 million of the total population each year. According to data obtained from the Weru Health Center ranks 10th out of 20 major diseases at the Weru Health Center, reaching 149 cases. Guide Imagery is one of the pain distraction techniques aimed at handling pain, lowering blood pressure, relieving anxiety. One group pre test and post design method, the subjects in this research case study were 2 respondents who experienced gastritis, 1 application of guide imagery was carried out for 3 days with a duration of 15 minutes. After the guide imagery technique, 1 application for 3 days, both respondents experienced a decrease in the epigastric pain scale from a moderate pain scale to a mild pain scale, Mrs. S from scale 5 to 2 and Mrs. M from scale 4 to 1. Guide imagery is very effective for reducing epigastric pain in gastritis patients.

Fractures can lead to disabilities in individuals, which may result from trauma due to accident (Ramadhan & Pristianto, 2022)s. The purpose of this paper is to develop and apply nursing care for Mrs. M, who underwent post-operative hemiarthroplasty for a femoral neck fracture, in the Mawar 2 room at RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency. This paper utilizes a descriptive method with a focus on the nursing process approach. The results of the nursing care show that the patient reports pain at the surgical site on the upper right leg, post-operative hemiarthroplasty, with pain described as a pulling sensation in the upper right leg, at a pain scale of 6, and continuous. The client states that she can only lie in bed, with all post-operative activities being assisted by family members. She also reports that she has not received health education on early mobilization and has limited understanding of early immobilization. The nursing diagnoses identified are acute pain, impaired physical mobility, and knowledge deficit. Interventions were based on the SIKI (Nursing Care Standards) and implementation followed the planned interventions. Upon evaluation, one diagnosis—knowledge deficit—was resolved, acute pain was partially resolved, and impaired physical mobility remained unresolved. The results of the nursing care are consistent with the theory. This paper aims to improve skills in providing nursing care.  

Background: Osteoarthritis often occurs in the elderly aged more than 60 years which is characterized by pain in the joints when moved. In Indonesia, 65% of elderly people aged 60 years and over experience osteoarthritis. Red ginger compress is an alternative nonpharmacological treatment to reduce joint pain in the elderly with osteoarthritis. Objectives: Knowing changes in pain scale in the elderly before and after doing red ginger compresses. Method: This application uses descriptive methods on 2 respondents, with pretest and posttest in the observation sheet of pain scale measuring instruments in the form of NRS (Numeric Rating Scale). Red ginger compress is given 2x a day in the morning and evening for 14 consecutive days within 20 minutes Result: There was a change in the intensity of the pain scale in both respondents. Mrs. P from moderate scale to mild scale and Mrs. E from moderate scale to painless scale. Conclusion: The application shows that there are changes in the pain scale before and after the red ginger compress, both in the first respondent and the second respondent. Red ginger compress can reduce osteoarthritis joint pain in the elderly.    

Cervical root syndrome (CRS) is a clinical condition  caused by compression of the nerve roots in the neck area, often experienced by workers in static positions for long periods such a tailors. CRS can cause significant pain symtomps, affecting daily activities and quality of life. This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of neck calliet exercise and Neuromuscular taping on reducing pain in suffers of cervical root syndrome among tailors in Sragen. This research uses a design quasi-exsperimental with pre-test and post-test. the research subjectsw ere 26 tailor in sragen who where selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The invertion provided is a combination of neck caliet exercise and Neuromuscular taping. pain levels were measured using NRS scale before and after the intervention. Before the intervention 76.9%  of respondens experienced moderate pain (NRS score 4-6). while 23.1% experienced mild pain (NRS score 1-3). After the intervention 69.2% of respondents experienced in pain to the mild category, and only 30.8% still felt moderate pain. data analysis shows a significant reduction in pain levels after being given this combination intervention.The combination of neck calliet exercise and Neuromuscular taping  is effective in reducing pain in sufferers of cervical root syndrome among tailors. this intervention can be an afficient pharmacological alternative treathment for chronic neck pain.

Background: Based on world data, there have been 2.7 million cases of perineal rupture in mothers giving birth. This figure is estimated to reach the highest number collected until 2050, which is 6.3 million. Perineal rupture in Asia also often occurs in society, which is around 50%. According to data from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (SDKI), 75% of mothers who give birth in Indonesia experience perineal tears or perineal rupture. Objective: To describe the results of measuring the pain scale using the cold compress method. Method: This study method uses a case study method with a descriptive design and uses a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain measurement sheet, in the cold compress method, the variable measured is perineal wound pain that has been given intervention 3 times a day in a span of 5-10 minutes for 3 days. Results: After cold compresses were given to two respondents who experienced perineal wounds, there was a change in the pain scale which was included in the mild pain category. Conclusion: The application of cold compresses can reduce the scale of perineal wound pain in postpartum patients.    

Background: Indonesia is included in the category of rheumatism sufferers which is quite high, namely 6.3% in the world of the high rate of rheumatism in indonesia. if it is not treated, it will cause swelling and stiffness in the sufferer's joints, resulting in discomfort. for this reason, efforts are needed to control rheumatism.  one of the rheumatism therapies is doing back massage. back massage is a technique for giving massage to the back with slow rubbing which provides a feeling of comfort and relaxation to the body. objective: to determine the intensity of the pain scale before and after giving back massage therapy and to see the effect of giving back massage therapy on pain in rheumatism sufferers. method: this type of research uses descriptive research methods and by observing 2 respondents with a history of rheumatism and who were given the implementation of back massage therapy. results: there was a decrease in the intensity of rheumatic pain after giving therapy on Mr. S from a scale of 5 to 2 and in Mrs. G from a pain scale of 6 to a pain scale of 2. Conclusion: there is an effect of giving back massage therapy on pain in rheumatism sufferers.    

Based on the data from Central Java shows that 40% people started from 20 until 65 years old suffered from LBP, estimated 18,2% for men and 13,6% for women. All farmer activities involve the spinal muscles which can caused farmers to suffer from low back pain. One steps to reduce LBP  is apply the William Flexion. Describe the results observations application William Flexion to Farmer with Low Back Pain. This method descriptive analysis and a pain measurement scale with Visual Analog Scale (VAS). In this method implemented the William Flexion, measured level Low Back Pain after intervention has been carried out for 6 meetings in 2 weeks. After applying the William Flexion to the respondents, there was a reduction in the level of Low Back Pain. Application William Flexion to farmers with Low Back Pain can reduce level of pain.

Based on Riskesdas, the rate of cesarean delivery  in Indonesia is 20-25% in government hospitals and 30-38% in private hospitals. Sectio Caesarea section is a non-surgical procedure that will injure tissue, so the mother's complaint after caesarean section surgery is pain. One of the non-pharmacological pain management is finger grip relaxation to describe the results of pain scale measurements with finger grip relaxation This application uses a case study method with a descriptive design and uses  a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain measurement sheet, carried out for 30 minutes and for 2 days After the application was carried out on 2 respondents, there was a decrease in the pain scale, Mrs. A from a scale of 4 to 3 and Mrs. D from a pain scale of 5 to 3 including the mild category. Finger grip relaxation has an effect on reducing pain scale in patients after sectio caesarean section

Background: Indonesia is included in the category of gout arthritis sufferers which is quite high at 35% in the world, while in Central Java it reaches 7.3% while based on symptom diagnosis it is 24.7%, for the prevalence of gout arthritis in Sukoharjo City is 21.04%. The highest number of gout arthritis patients at the Sukoharjo Health Center is 134 sufferers, from the high value of gout arthritis in Indonesia if not treated cause pain and tingling in the joint area. For this reason, efforts are needed to control gout. One of the treatment is to do a warm compress of cinnamon. Purpose: Determine the pain scale before and after the administration of cinnamon warm compresses and see the effect of cinnamon warm compresses on pain in patients with gout arthritis. Method: This type of application uses a descriptive research method and by observing 2 respondents with a history of gout arthritis and given the implementation of a warm cinnamon compress. Result: The scale of pain after being given a warm cinnamon compress is mild pain. Conclusion: There is an effect of giving cinnamon warm compresses on pain in people with gout arthritis.