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This study applies the Mean Variance model, which aims to form an optimal portfolio composition in the health, property, and cyclical consumer sectors and combine the three sectors into one portfolio, then visualize its efficient frontier. This study analyzes the return profiles and compares the risks of each portfolio using alternative risk measures such as the Coefficient of Variation (CV), Value at Risk (VaR), and Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR). Daily closing price data for the three sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from March 2, 2020, to March 3, 2025, were used in this study. Stock selection was conducted using purposive sampling, followed by selecting seven stocks for optimization based on the lowest Coefficient of Variation (CV) value. Portfolio optimization analysis was conducted using the Python programming language with Visual Studio Code software. The findings of this study indicate that the combined portfolio incorporating the three sectors is the most efficient, with an expected return of 0.104%, standard deviation of 0.007, and alternative risk measures such as Coefficient of Variation (CV) 6.9328, Value at Risk (VaR) of -0.99%, and Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) of -1.44%, which are lower than those of single-sector portfolios. Visualization of the efficient frontier curve confirms that the combined portfolio offers better results in terms of risk and return. The results of this study indicate that cross-sector diversification can significantly reduce risk and prevent significant losses.

Increasing in energy demand and limited fossil fuel reserves have driven the use of environmentally friendly alternative energy sources. This study aims to analyze the effect of pyrolysis temperature variations on the quality of biopellets made from bagasse and coffee husks. The materials were prepared in a 50:50 ratio with the addition of 15% tapioca flour as a binder. The pyrolysis process was carried out at temperatures of 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C for 120 minutes in oxygen-free conditions. The biochar resulting from pyrolysis was formed into biopellets, which were then tested for proximate composition, calorific value, and combustion rate. The results showed that an increase in pyrolysis temperature had a significant effect on the characteristics of the biopellets. A temperature of 550°C produced the lowest moisture content (8.436%), the highest fixed carbon content (62.191%), the highest calorific value (6293 cal/g), and the highest combustion rate (0.05789 g/sec). Conversely, ash content increased with rising temperature, while volatile matter content decreased. Thus, the best biopellets were obtained at a temperature of 550°C. This study confirms the potential of bagasse and coffee husks as raw materials for biopellets through pyrolysis temperature optimization to support the development of sustainable biomass energy.

The integration of big data in the financial sector has increasingly attracted scholarly attention, particularly in areas such as risk management, fraud detection, algorithmic trading, and investment optimization. Given the rapid development of this field, it is essential to map research trends and identify emerging directions that shape the future of financial innovation. This study applies a bibliometric approach using 3,829 articles retrieved from the Scopus database from 1981 to 2025, with data processed through R Studio and the Bibliometrix-Biblioshiny application. The objective is to explore the intellectual landscape of big data finance and reveal research frontiers as well as thematic evolution. The results show a sharp increase in publications after 2015, alongside the growth of fintech and artificial intelligence applications, with dominant themes including blockchain integration, risk analytics, and predictive modelling. Cross-disciplinary and cross-regional collaborations continue to expand. These findings provide a comprehensive overview of how big data has shaped financial studies and offer insights for potential future research directions.

Optimizing human resource (HR) performance through a business process reengineering (BPR) approach is a crucial strategy in a competitive and dynamic industrial environment. This study qualitatively examines through a literature review how BPRs radically redesign business processes to improve productivity, quality, time efficiency, and reduce operational costs, with a focus on HR aspects such as recruitment, training, performance appraisal, and career development. The BPR theory by Michael Hammer and James Champy emphasizes the principles of results-based workflow reorganization, the integration of information technology such as ERP and AI, and the empowerment of HR to eliminate task redundancy. In the Indonesian industrial context, the integration of BPR with digital transformation supports Industry 4.0, where HR acts as a catalyst for innovation through adaptive skills and cross-functional collaboration. The study results show that BPR implementation strategies including as-is process analysis, to-be design, change management, and continuous evaluation increase employee motivation, retention, and sustainable competitive advantage. Case studies such as PT Telkom Indonesia and PT Cahaya Mega Group demonstrate efficiency increases of up to 100%. This approach not only streamlines operations but also builds an organization resilient to market and technological disruption.

This study aims to examine the application of mocaf flour as a partial or complete substitute for wheat flour in the preparation of dadar gulung, a traditional Indonesian delicacy. The research is grounded in the potential of mocaf, which is gluten-free, rich in dietary fiber, and supports efforts to diversify food sources based on local commodities. A quantitative experimental method was employed with three flour formulations 50% wheat : 50% mocaf, 25% wheat : 75% mocaf, and 100% mocaf evaluated through organoleptic testing by 25 panelists with varying levels of experience. The assessment parameters included color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall perception. The findings indicate that the formulation containing 100% achieved the highest overall score, followed by the 75% mocaf and 25% wheat blend, while the 50% mocaf and 50% wheat formulation ranked lowest. These results suggest that a dominant proportion of mocaf can maintain the sensory quality of the product, although full substitution requires further optimization to enhance consumer acceptance. This research contributes to the development of healthier innovations in traditional foods, offers a gluten-free alternative for individuals with dietary restrictions, and promotes the sustainable utilization of local resources.

This study aims to analyze the optimization of the use of Village Funds in efforts to develop Pethung Park tourism in Belik Village, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, using  the New Public Governance (NPG) theoretical approach  from Osborne and Gabler. NPG theory emphasizes the importance of collaboration, participation, networking, decentralization, as well as transparency and accountability in public governance. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method by collecting data through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the village government, BUMDes, Pokdarwis, and the local community. The results of the study show that the Belik Village government has succeeded in making optimal use of the Village Fund as an instrument of local economic development and a means of community empowerment. The Village Fund is directed to tourism infrastructure development, human resource training, and digital-based tourism promotion. Collaboration between village governments, communities, and the private sector through BUMDes and Pokdarwis is able to create participatory and sustainable development governance. The real impact can be seen from the increase in the number of tourist visits, the growth of MSMEs, and the increase in the village's original income. This study concludes that NPG-based governance practices in Belik Village have resulted in development effectiveness and strengthened village economic independence. The results of this study can be a model for other villages in implementing the management of Village Funds for the tourism sector based on collaboration and community participation towards sustainable village development.

Traffic congestion is a persistent challenge in urban areas in Indonesia, where increasing vehicle density creates the need for intelligent traffic monitoring systems. This study aims to develop a real-time vehicle parking system using the YOLOv8 object detection model to provide efficient traffic analysis from live CCTV broadcasts and recorded videos. This study uses a quantitative experimental approach with the implementation of the YOLOv8m model using the Ultralytics library in Python, tested on data collected from CCTV cameras A TCS Dishub Medan and additional footage from mobile devices. Vehicles are detected and counted in two directions up (Up) and down (Down) using virtual detection lines on the video frame. The system performance is evaluated by automatic detection counting with manually recorded ground truth data. The results show that on live CCTV broadcasts, the YOLOv8m model achieves an average precision of 98.96%, a recall of 96.59%, and an F1 score of 97.74% for upstream traffic, while for downstream traffic it achieves 100% precision, 95.64% recall, and an F1 score of 97.730/0. On the other hand, on high-quality recorded videos, all performance metrics achieve 100%, indicating perfect detection accuracy. These findings confirm the effectiveness of YOLOv8 in real-time traffic monitoring, but also indicate that video quality and stream stability affect detection performance. In conclusion, the developed system shows strong potential to support smart city traffic management solutions. Future research should focus on performance optimization under low-resolution live streaming conditions to improve accuracy in practical applications.  

Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) is an Islamic microfinance institution that plays an essential role in expanding financial access for low-income communities and supporting sustainable economic development. This article aims to analyze the role of BMT as an inclusive monetary instrument within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study employs a library research approach with descriptive-analytical methods based on secondary data from books, academic journals, research reports, and official documents. The findings show that BMT significantly contributes to financial inclusion through real-sector-based Islamic financing, especially for micro-enterprises and low-income households. Moreover, BMT’s social function—realized through the management of zakat, infaq, and sadaqah—strengthens income redistribution, poverty alleviation, and community welfare. BMT supports several SDG targets, particularly in reducing poverty, creating decent employment, developing MSMEs, and minimizing socioeconomic inequality. However, the optimization of BMT’s role still faces challenges such as limited capital, governance constraints, digital transformation, and institutional strengthening. Therefore, synergy between BMT, the government, regulators, and the community is needed to enhance BMT’s contribution as an inclusive, sustainable, and Sharia-compliant economic development agent.

Manual quality assessment of Platelet Concentrate (TC) is highly subjective and inconsistent, necessitating an objective, automated classification system. This study aims to develop a computationally efficient, low-cost model for TC quality classification using Histogram Features extracted from grayscale images combined with the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm. The methodology employed critical preprocessing steps, including StandardScaler for normalization and SMOTE for balancing the training data, followed by optimization across K=1 to K=30. The optimal model achieved a maximum accuracy of 69.23% at K=6, with an F1-Score of 71.43%, confirming robust performance on the imbalanced testing set. The results validate the effectiveness of the Histogram-KNN approach as a consistent and reliable decision support system for rapid TC quality screening in resource-limited settings.

This study examines the strategic role of Islamic banking in expanding financial inclusion and alleviating poverty in Indonesia. Using a qualitative literature review methodology, this research analyzes academic literature, regulations, and official reports to identify the contributions, challenges, and optimization strategies of Islamic banking. Findings indicate that Islamic banking provides financing alternatives aligned with Islamic values through products such as mudharabah, musyarakah, and murabahah, enabling low-income communities to access capital without interest burdens. The management of Islamic social funds including zakat, infaq, sadaqah, and waqf strengthens social capital for micro-enterprise empowerment. However, significant barriers exist, including low Islamic financial literacy, limited access in remote areas, and suboptimal regulations. This study recommends enhancing financial literacy, developing technology-based inclusive products, strengthening supportive regulations, and fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration to optimize the role of Islamic banking as an instrument for inclusive and equitable economic development in Indonesia. The research contributes to the theoretical understanding of Islamic banking's potential in addressing financial exclusion and poverty while providing practical insights for policymakers and banking institutions.

The concept of supremum is fundamental in real analysis and plays a crucial role in the optimization of single-variable real functions. In practice, not all functions attain their supremum explicitly, which necessitates numerical approaches to evaluate their behavior computationally. This study aims to analyze the supremum of several one-dimensional real functions with different characteristics using a grid-search method implemented in Python. Four functions were examined: a parabolic function, a rational function with a sharp peak, a discontinuous piecewise function, and a function with a vertical asymptote. The analysis involved modeling the functions, discretizing the domain, performing numerical approximation of the supremum, verifying the results against analytical values, and using graphical visualization to observe the function behavior near the supremum. The findings indicate that the supremum of the parabolic, rational, and piecewise functions can be accurately identified, with results consistent with analytical expectations despite minor deviations caused by grid resolution limitations in the rational function. Meanwhile, the function with a vertical asymptote yields an unbounded supremum, which cannot be attained within the domain. These results demonstrate that Python provides stable and reliable numerical estimates of the supremum across various types of one-dimensional real functions, validating the effectiveness of computational methods in supporting conceptual understanding of supremum.

This study examines the implementation of digital health services via the Mobile JKN application at the Payung Sekaki Community Health Center in Pekanbaru City and explores factors affecting service effectiveness, especially complaints about long waiting times. Using a descriptive qualitative approach based on the Mobile Health Acceptance Model by Handayani et al. (2021), the study focuses on five constructs: ease of use, system availability, system responsiveness, health workers’ digital skills, and user trust. The results show that Mobile JKN has significantly simplified administrative processes, accelerated registration, and improved service efficiency at the health center. Effectiveness is supported by factors such as the application’s general ease of use, faster queue data processing, and adequate digital skills among staff. Users also show a high level of trust, though queue time estimation still needs improvement. Despite these benefits, complaints about long waits persist due to patients who register online but still queue manually and misunderstandings between Mobile JKN and e-Puskesmas queue numbers. Late patient arrivals also contribute to delays. Overall, Mobile JKN proves effective in enhancing digital health services, but further optimization is needed through better socialization of service procedures, accurate queue information, and improved system integration to maximize the advantages of digitalization.

This research investigates integrated maritime workforce resilience and mental health management frameworks addressing post-pandemic seafarer wellbeing challenges and organizational safety culture transformation. Through qualitative analysis involving 39 stakeholders including seafarers, ship operators, mental health professionals, maritime unions, training institutions, and maritime authorities, this study examines how COVID-19 pandemic intensified mental health crises through extended contracts, shore leave restrictions, and isolation while exposing systemic inadequacies in psychological support systems. Results demonstrate that comprehensive mental health frameworks can reduce psychological distress by 55-70%, improve safety performance by 40-55%, enhance crew retention by 45-60%, and decrease incident rates by 35-50% when integrating organizational culture change, leadership competency development, predictive analytics, and culturally-adapted interventions. Key challenges include mental health stigma (affecting 65-80% of seafarers), limited organizational investment (only 18-25% adequate), service accessibility gaps, and workforce demographic diversity requiring culturally-sensitive approaches. Findings reveal that effective mental health management requires systemic organizational transformation integrating psychological wellbeing into safety management systems, work design optimization, family support programs, and career sustainability rather than treating mental health as peripheral welfare concern, supporting maritime industry's workforce retention and operational safety imperatives.

This research examines the implementation of green building principles in the design of the Multipurpose Building at SMP–SMA Islam Hidayatullah Semarang, focusing on energy-efficient strategies and spatial comfort based on the GREENSHIP GBCI certification criteria. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method through interviews with the architect, analysis of architectural drawings, interpretation of interior design visualizations produced by Falana Studio, and literature review on sustainable building design. The findings indicate that the building consistently applies passive design strategies, including the optimization of natural lighting through large openings and a central void, the application of cross-ventilation on each floor, and the integration of façade vegetation that reduces surface temperature and improves microclimate performance. Material selection such as GRC panels, HPL, and modular plywood supports long-term durability, while the interior design demonstrates strong visual comfort and ergonomic quality through indirect lighting, neutral color schemes, and activity-based furniture layout. According to the GREENSHIP assessment categories, the building fulfills Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC), Indoor Health and Comfort (IHC), Material Resources and Cycle (MRC), and Appropriate Site Development (ASD) criteria. In conclusion, the Multipurpose Building successfully integrates green building principles as an effective approach to energy efficiency and the enhancement of the educational environment.

This community service program aims to provide management assistance to micro and small batik industries in optimizing digital platform and social media-based marketing. This allows these micro and small batik industry players to reach a wider network and ensure their business sustainability in the future after the pandemic. This community service program uses a qualitative descriptive approach, which aims to capture the real-world conditions related to the management of batik industry players in Mojokerto. This mentoring program was attended by micro and small batik industry players, primarily small and craft industries, including 10 batik artisans and industry managers residing in Mojokerto. The mentoring method was implemented through four stages: a) identifying mentoring needs for micro and small batik industry players, b) selecting management literacy priorities, c) designing a management literacy mentoring program, and d) implementing the management mentoring program for micro and small batik industries. The management mentoring program indicates that micro and small batik industry players require ongoing marketing and business development management mentoring. After entering the COVID-19 pandemic, batik industry players in Mojokerto have not been able to recover to pre-COVID-19 levels in 2019. The management mentoring program includes four stages: a) delivering material on the role of management, business sustainability, business problems, and formulating solutions; b) identifying relevant management problems discussed in a focus group discussion; c) mentoring on marketing aspects and optimizing the role of cooperatives within batik industry groups; d) mentoring on business sustainability management through digital business optimization. Through this structured management mentoring program, micro and small batik industry players will be able to improve their management and business management.

Global economic developments show the acceleration of the adoption of circular business models, where resource efficiency and waste reduction are the main focuses to answer sustainability demands and SDGs targets. Although this trend is strengthening globally, MSMEs, especially those based on family businesses, are still lagging behind in their implementation, even though digitalization is increasingly opening up opportunities for operational optimization and innovation. The urgency of this research arises from the need to understand how the digital mindset and transformation of family business management can accelerate the readiness of MSMEs in implementing circular business practices. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of the three strategic concepts into a single analytical framework through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), a perspective that has rarely been combined in previous studies. With the SLR method based on the PRISMA protocol, this study shows that MSMEs already have a strong foundation in the digital mindset, including technology readiness, innovation orientation, and adaptation of digital business models. Family business values have also been proven to support business continuity through knowledge transfer and long-term investment. However, the implementation of circular business practices is still weak, especially in resource cycle management, sustainable product design, and environmental impact measurement. The implication is that the synergy of digital mindset and family business governance can strengthen the transition of MSMEs to a circular economy that directly supports the achievement of the SDGs, especially in the areas of sustainable consumption-production and industrial innovation.

This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis on Transformational Leadership (TL), based on empirical research. Despite extensive studies on TL in recent decades, comprehensive research remains limited. The methodology used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of articles containing “Transformational Leadership” in the title, abstract, or keywords, sourced from the Scopus database, which yielded 1,297 publications from 1977 to 2025. The data were analyzed using VOSviewer software. The findings suggest that TL is an innovative model in vocational education, bridging industrial systems with academic environments for authentic, practice-based learning. However, challenges include limited resources, insufficient instructor training, and inadequate institutional support. Recent innovations, such as advanced ICT, holographic technology for real-time interaction, and digital twins for process optimization, have enhanced the model's effectiveness. The study also discusses the conceptual framework of TL. This research uses the Scopus database, and future studies could broaden its scope by incorporating other databases like Web of Science. Practically, the study’s findings suggest integrating modern pedagogical strategies, including gamification, simulation, and project-based learning, to enhance student engagement and understanding of manufacturing processes. Socially, it encourages educational institutions to invest in infrastructure, strengthen industry partnerships, and provide continuous instructor training. This study highlights the growing global research on TL and calls for deeper exploration of the topic in existing literature.

The stability of slopes in open-pit coal mining in Indonesia is significantly influenced by geological faults, which are a major factor causing slope failures. This study aims to examine the impact of faults on slope stability by conducting a systematic literature review of 25 scientific publications from 2018 to 2025. The results indicate that faults and fault zones consistently reduce rock mass integrity through several mechanisms, including stress concentration in weak zones, the formation of preferential sliding surfaces, amplification of hydro-mechanical effects from groundwater and rainfall, and the reduction of rock strength parameters. Case studies in Kalimantan and Sumatra confirm these mechanisms with slope failures aligning with fault orientations. Kinematic and numerical analyses using the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM), Finite Element Method (FEM), and Distinct Element Method (DEM) show a reduction in the safety factor (SF) by up to 36% on slopes affected by faults. Practical recommendations include continuous monitoring using Slope Stability Radar (SSR), optimization of slope geometry with angles < 18° in fault zones, groundwater control, reinforcement with anchors and bolting, and UAV-based discontinuity mapping for hazard zoning. This study concludes that managing slopes in fault zones requires an integrated approach combining detailed geological investigation, multi-method numerical analysis, real-time monitoring, and specific mitigation design.

Indonesian Sign Language (BISINDO) serves as a primary communication medium for the deaf community; however, limited public understanding often creates barriers during daily interactions. This study aims to develop a real-time BISINDO word-level translation system using hand landmark extraction and temporal modeling with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The system employs MediaPipe Hands to detect 21 hand landmarks per frame, which are then processed as sequential motion patterns to classify five BISINDO words: saya, terima kasih, maaf, nama, and kamu. A total of 250 gesture samples were recorded under controlled lighting conditions as the primary dataset. The processed sequences were used to train the LSTM model, which was subsequently integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller and a DFPlayer Mini module to produce direct audio output. Experimental results show that the model achieved an average accuracy of 86%, with precision and recall values ranging from 0.81 to 0.94. The confusion matrix analysis indicates that most gestures were correctly classified, although some errors occurred in gestures with similar initial motion trajectories. Integration testing demonstrated an average system latency of 3.8 seconds and an audio output success rate of 85%. These findings indicate that the proposed system is capable of translating BISINDO word-level gestures accurately, responsively, and consistently in real-time conditions. This study provides a strong foundation for the broader development of sign language translation systems, with potential enhancements in vocabulary expansion, multi-user datasets, and hardware optimization for deployment in real-world environments.

The development of the batik industry today requires business actors to be able to implement effective marketing strategies in order to increase competitiveness and encourage consumer purchasing decisions. This study aims to analyze the effect of promotion, product innovation, and digital marketing on purchasing decisions for Batik Lochatara products in Wates, Kediri Regency. This research uses a quantitative method with a survey approach through distributing questionnaires to Batik Lochatara consumers in Wates, Kediri Regency. The analysis techniques used in this study include multiple linear regression, partial test (t test), simultaneous test (F test), and the coefficient of determination to determine the contribution of each independent variable to the dependent variable. The results of this study indicate that partially promotion, product innovation, and digital marketing have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. While simultaneously, the three variables are also proven to have a significant influence on purchasing decisions with an adjusted R-square value of 0.743 or 74.3%. This means that purchasing decisions at Batik Lochatara can be explained by promotion, product innovation, and digital marketing by 74.3%, while 25.7% is influenced by other factors not studied. This finding confirms that the right promotional strategy, continuous product innovation, and digital marketing optimization are important factors in increasing consumer interest and purchasing decisions for local batik products in modern markets.