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Background: Labor is a physiological process that is commonly accompanied by pain, causing discomfort, anxiety, and fear that may interfere with maternal well-being and labor progress. Effleurage massage is a complementary, non-pharmacological intervention used to reduce labor pain. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of effleurage massage in reducing pain intensity during the first stage of labor. Method: A literature review was conducted using articles retrieved from Google Scholar. An initial search identified 45 articles, and after screening based on publication year (2021–2026), relevance, and inclusion criteria, 10 research articles were included for analysis. Data were extracted and synthesized descriptively. Results: The findings consistently showed that effleurage massage reduced labor pain by promoting relaxation, decreasing muscle tension, improving blood circulation, and stimulating endorphin release through the gate control mechanism. Most studies also reported improved maternal comfort during labor. Conclusion: In conclusion, effleurage massage is an effective, safe, affordable, and easy-to-apply complementary therapy that can be integrated into midwifery care to reduce labor pain and enhance maternal comfort.  

Asam urat merupakan penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar asam urat dalam darah, yaitu >7,0 mg/dL pada laki-laki dan >6,0 mg/dL pada perempuan. Kondisi ini sering dialami lansia akibat penumpukan kristal urat yang dapat menimbulkan nyeri dan gangguan mobilitas. Salah satu upaya nonfarmakologis yang dapat dilakukan adalah senam ergonomik berbasis budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas inovasi senam ergonomik berbasis budaya terhadap kadar asam urat pada lansia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pakis, Kabupaten Malang. Penelitian menggunakan desain quasi-experimental dengan two-group pretest-posttest control group design. Sampel berjumlah 20 responden yang dibagi menjadi kelompok intervensi (10 responden) dan kelompok kontrol (10 responden). Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon untuk mengetahui perubahan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada masing-masing kelompok serta uji Mann–Whitney untuk membandingkan hasil antar kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan kadar asam urat yang signifikan pada kelompok intervensi (p=0,046; p<0,05), sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak mengalami perubahan bermakna (p=0,317; p>0,05). Perbandingan kadar asam urat pascaintervensi antara kedua kelompok juga menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,001; p<0,05). Dengan demikian, inovasi senam ergonomik berbasis budaya yang dilakukan sebanyak empat kali selama dua minggu terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan kadar asam urat pada lansia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pakis, Kabupaten Malang.

- Background: The rate of cesarean section (CS) deliveries continues to increase in Indonesia. Bali Province ranks first nationally, with a cesarean delivery rate of 53.2%. Cesarean section results in surgical wounds that cause pain in postpartum mothers. One non-pharmacological intervention to reduce pain is early mobilization through video media. Objective: This study aimed to determine the differences in pain intensity among post-cesarean mothers before and after receiving early mobilization through video media. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The study population consisted of post-cesarean mothers at Singasana Regional General Hospital. A total of 26 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of early mobilization delivered through a 3-minute and 23-second video, accompanied by healthcare personnel. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: Most respondents were aged 20–35 years, multiparous, had completed senior high school, and were employed. The median pain intensity decreased from 5.00 before the intervention to 3.00 after the intervention. The Wilcoxon test showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in pain intensity before and after the intervention. Conclusion: Early mobilization through video media was effective in reducing pain intensity among post-cesarean mothers. Video media can be utilized as an educational tool to support the implementation of early mobilization in healthcare settings..

Joint pain is one of the most common health problems among older adults and may reduce mobility and quality of life. Community self-survey data in Cepoko Village indicated that 55% of residents, particularly older adults, experienced joint pain complaints. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be applied is warm lemongrass foot soaking therapy known as SEHATI (Serai Hangat untuk Kaki). This community service activity aimed to improve elderly knowledge regarding self-management of joint pain and demonstrate warm lemongrass foot soaking therapy as a complementary treatment. The methods included health education, demonstration of warm lemongrass preparation, direct practice by participants, and evaluation through discussion and question-answer sessions. The participants were elderly individuals experiencing joint pain in Cepoko Village, Panekan District, Magetan Regency. The results showed that participants actively engaged in all activities, were able to explain the preparation steps of SEHATI, and understood the benefits of warm lemongrass foot soaking therapy for reducing joint pain. This program provides an easy, affordable, safe, and home-based complementary therapy alternative for elderly people.

Low Back Pain (LBP) secara terminologi medis, merupakan gejala ketidaknyamanan yang dialami oleh seseorang akibat nyeri pada punggung bagian bawah. Kabupaten Muna Barat menempati urutan ke 11 dari 15 Kabupaten setelah kabupaten Kolaka Utara tertinggi di Sulawesi Tenggara yang menunjukan prevalensi Low Back Pain (LBP). Berdasarkan diagnosis dokter, penduduk umur ?15 tahun mengalami penyakit Low Back Pain (LBP) sebesar 2,15% dari 440 jiwa yang mengalami gangguan kesehatan.Tujuan dari peneliti ini adalah untuk mengetahui Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keluhan Low Back Pain pada Pekerja Pembuat Batu Bata di Kecamatan Kusambi Tahun 2026. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Cross Sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 125 orang yang diambil menggunakan teknik Alokasi Propostional. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis univariat untuk mendeskripsikan distribusi frekuensi variabel dan analisis bivariat menggunakan metode chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan antara usia dengan keluhan LBP (p-value=0,000), tidak ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan keluhan LBP (p-value=0,276), ada hubungan antara posisi kerja dengan keluhan LBP (p-value=0,000), tidak ada hubungan antara durasi kerja dengan keluhan LBP (p-value=0,648), ada hubungan antara beban kerja dengan keluhan LBP (p-value=0,012).Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu faktor yang berhubungan dengan keluhan low back pain yaitu variabel usia, posisi kerja dan beban kerja, sedangkan varibel jenis kelamin dan durasi kerja tidak berhubungan.

Nyeri punggung bawah merupakan keluhan umum pada ibu hamil, terutama trimester III, akibat perubahan fisiologis, peningkatan beban janin, dan relaksasi ligamen panggul. Intervensi non-farmakologis, seperti herbal kompres ball, dianggap efektif dan aman untuk menurunkan nyeri. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh herbal compres ball terhadap penurunan nyeri punggung bawah pada ibu hamil trimester III. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis Quasi Experimental Design, rancangan one group pretest-posttest. Sampel sebanyak 35 ibu hamil trimester III di Semarang Barat dipilih dengan purposive sampling. Data nyeri dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner skala nyeri sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test untuk mengetahui perbedaan signifikan nyeri pretest dan posttest. Sebelum intervensi, mayoritas responden mengalami nyeri sedang sebanyak 29 orang (82,9%), sedangkan setelah intervensi, mayoritas mengalami nyeri ringan sebanyak 29 orang (82,9%) dan sebagian kecil tidak merasakan nyeri 2 orang (5,7%). Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan Z = -5,014; p = 0,000, menandakan adanya penurunan nyeri yang signifikan setelah intervensi herbal compres ball. Herbal kompres ball efektif menurunkan nyeri punggung bawah pada ibu hamil trimester III. Intervensi ini dapat menjadi metode non-farmakologis yang aman, praktis, dan efektif.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) merupakan gangguan saluran pencernaan di mana isi lambung berulang kali kembali ke kerongkongan, menyebabkan berbagai gejala dan komplikasi. Prevalensi GERD di Indonesia pada tahun 2023 dilaporkan sebesar 42,3% dengan 274.396 kasus. Data rekam medis RSUD Banyumas menunjukkan peningkatan kasus GERD dari 71 kasus (2023) menjadi 118 kasus (2024). Tujuan: Mendeskripsikan penerapan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien Nn. S dengan Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) di Ruang Melati RSUD Banyumas. Metode: Studi kasus deskriptif dengan pendekatan proses asuhan keperawatan, dilakukan pada tanggal 27–28 Januari 2026 di Ruang Melati RSUD Banyumas melalui wawancara, observasi, pemeriksaan fisik, studi dokumentasi, dan studi literatur. Hasil: Diagnosis keperawatan yang muncul adalah nyeri akut berhubungan dengan agen pencedera fisiologis (D.0077), nausea berhubungan dengan gangguan pada esofagus (D.0076), dan defisit pengetahuan berhubungan dengan kurang terpapar informasi (D.0111). Intervensi yang dilakukan meliputi manajemen nyeri, manajemen mual, dan edukasi kesehatan. Kesimpulan: Setelah dilakukan implementasi keperawatan selama 2 hari, diagnosis nyeri akut dan nausea teratasi sebagian, sedangkan diagnosis defisit pengetahuan teratasi penuh. Discharge planning dilakukan dengan menganjurkan teknik relaksasi napas dalam, aromaterapi minyak kayu putih, serta modifikasi pola hidup sehat.

 Background: Perineal pain due to episiotomy is a common complaint experienced by postpartum mothers and can affect patient comfort, mobility, and recovery. Nonpharmacological pain management is needed to help reduce discomfort with minimal risk of side effects. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of applying cold compresses using ice packs in reducing perineal pain intensity in postpartum mothers with episiotomy. Methods: The study used a descriptive case study design in three vaginal postpartum patients with episiotomy who were treated in the postpartum ward. The intervention involved applying cold compresses using ice packs to the perineal area for 10–15 minutes, as per nursing procedures. Pain was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the intervention. Findings: The results showed a decrease in pain intensity in all patients after the application of cold compresses. Patient P1 experienced a decrease in pain score from 5 to 4, patient P2 from 6 to 5, and patient P3 from 5 to 4, with an average decrease of 1 point. Implications: Cold compresses using ice packs have the potential to be an effective non-pharmacological nursing intervention to help reduce perineal pain and improve the comfort of postpartum mothers with episiotomies during the care period.

Postoperative pain following Sectio Caesarea (SC) is a common clinical problem, reported within the first 24 hours in approximately 50-85% of patients. This postoperative pain can affect maternal comfort, early mobilization, and the recovery process. Theoretically, post-SC pain is associated with tissue trauma and nociceptive responses. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is an increasingly implemented method because it is considered capable of accelerating postoperative recovery and reducing pain intensity after surgical procedures. This study aimed to describe the distribution of post-Sectio Caesarea pain intensity based on patient characteristics. This research employed a descriptive quantitative design with an observational approach. Data were collected using a total sampling technique from all post-SC patients managed with the ERAS method at RSI Fatimah over a one-month period, with a total of 50 respondents. The research instrument used was the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data were analyzed univariately in the form of frequency and percentage distributions. The results showed that the majority of respondents were in early adulthood (26-35 years), accounting for 40 respondents (80.0%), multiparous women totaled 30 respondents (60.0%), maternal indications were found in 33 respondents (66.0%), and 27 respondents (54.0%) had no previous history of SC. Within the first 2 hours after SC, most mothers experienced mild pain (scale 1-3), totaling 31 respondents (62.0%). At 8 hours after analgesic administration, mild pain remained predominant, with 36 respondents (72.0%). In conclusion, most mothers who underwent Sectio Caesarea using the ERAS method experienced mild pain during the early postoperative period.

Postoperative pain following Sectio Caesarea (SC) is a common clinical problem, reported within the first 24 hours in approximately 50-85% of patients. This postoperative pain can affect maternal comfort, early mobilization, and the recovery process. Theoretically, post-SC pain is associated with tissue trauma and nociceptive responses. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is an increasingly implemented method because it is considered capable of accelerating postoperative recovery and reducing pain intensity after surgical procedures. This study aimed to describe the distribution of post-Sectio Caesarea pain intensity based on patient characteristics. This research employed a descriptive quantitative design with an observational approach. Data were collected using a total sampling technique from all post-SC patients managed with the ERAS method at RSI Fatimah over a one-month period, with a total of 50 respondents. The research instrument used was the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data were analyzed univariately in the form of frequency and percentage distributions. The results showed that the majority of respondents were in early adulthood (26-35 years), accounting for 40 respondents (80.0%), multiparous women totaled 30 respondents (60.0%), maternal indications were found in 33 respondents (66.0%), and 27 respondents (54.0%) had no previous history of SC. Within the first 2 hours after SC, most mothers experienced mild pain (scale 1-3), totaling 31 respondents (62.0%). At 8 hours after analgesic administration, mild pain remained predominant, with 36 respondents (72.0%). In conclusion, most mothers who underwent Sectio Caesarea using the ERAS method experienced mild pain during the early postoperative period.

Appendisitis merupakan salah satu kasus kegawatdaruratan bedah yang sering memerlukan tindakan appendektomi dan berpotensi menimbulkan nyeri pasca operasi. Nyeri yang muncul setelah efek anestesi berkurang dapat memengaruhi kenyamanan serta proses pemulihan pasien, sehingga diperlukan manajemen nyeri yang efektif. Salah satu terapi nonfarmakologis yang dapat digunakan sebagai terapi pendamping adalah teknik relaksasi Benson. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas teknik relaksasi Benson terhadap penurunan skala nyeri pada pasien pasca operasi appendektomi di ruang Rawat Inap VIP RSUD Boven Digoel. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi yang telah ditetapkan, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 1 pasien pasca operasi appendektomi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan wawancara selama 4 hari. Intervensi berupa teknik relaksasi Benson diberikan untuk membantu mengurangi intensitas nyeri pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknik relaksasi Benson efektif dalam menurunkan skala nyeri pada pasien pasca operasi appendektomi. Setelah dilakukan intervensi, pasien mengalami penurunan intensitas nyeri secara bertahap sehingga memberikan rasa nyaman selama masa perawatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, teknik relaksasi Benson dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu terapi nonfarmakologis alternatif dalam manajemen nyeri pasien pasca operasi appendektomi. Diharapkan institusi pelayanan kesehatan, institusi pendidikan, perawat pelaksana, dan peneliti selanjutnya dapat menerapkan dan mengembangkan intervensi ini sebagai bagian dari asuhan keperawatan yang komprehensif.

Laparotomy is a major surgical procedure associated with a high risk of acute postoperative pain. According to Gan (2017), if pain is not properly managed, it can progress to chronic pain. (Toro et al., 2018) reported that severe pain on the first postoperative day is still commonly found in laparotomy patients, while (Small & Laycock, 2020) indicated that moderate to severe pain within the first 24 hours following major surgery remains a significant clinical issue. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological pain management following laparotomy under general anesthesia, specifically to identify the types of opioid analgesics used, analyze their effectiveness in reducing pain intensity, identify side effects, and examine administration techniques and routes. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method following the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink databases covering the years 2015–2026. The included studies comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and retrospective studies addressing opioid pharmacological pain management in adult patients following laparotomy under general anesthesia. Study quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) instrument. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of the systematic literature review indicate that opioids are effective in reducing postoperative pain following laparotomy under general anesthesia. The most commonly used opioids are morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone. Of all the opioids reviewed, oxycodone provided the best pain control, while intrathecal morphine was most effective in reducing the need for supplemental opioids during the early postoperative period. Other opioids, such as extended-release dinalbuphine sebacate and tegileridine, are also effective, but the number of studies is still limited. The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, pruritus, sedation, and dizziness. Pharmacological pain management using opioids is effective in reducing the intensity of postoperative pain following laparotomy under general anesthesia. Morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone are the most commonly used opioids. Oxycodone and intrathecal morphine have shown good results in improving pain control and reducing the need for supplemental opioids. The selection of opioid type, dosage, and administration technique must be tailored to the patient’s clinical condition to achieve optimal analgesia with minimal side effects.

Gastritis is an inflammation of the gastric mucosa that often causes pain in the epigastric area, which can reduce patient comfort and quality of life. This condition requires treatment that is not only pharmacological, but can also be supported by non-pharmacological interventions such as warm compresses that function to provide a relaxing effect and improve blood circulation. This study aims to determine the effect of warm compresses on reducing pain intensity in gastritis patients. The research method used was descriptive with a case study approach on one patient treated in the inpatient ward. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation using the PQRST method to assess pain. The intervention in the form of warm compresses was given for three days with a frequency of once a day for ± 15–20 minutes in the epigastric area. The results showed a gradual decrease in pain intensity from a scale of 6 to a scale of 2 after the intervention, as well as an increase in patient comfort. The implications of this study indicate that warm compresses can be used as an effective, safe, and easy-to-implement independent nursing intervention to help reduce pain in gastritis patients and improve the quality of nursing care.

Fracture is a condition characterized by the disruption of bone continuity that often causes acute pain, especially in patients following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF). Effective pain management is essential to support the recovery process and improve patient comfort during hospitalization. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cold compress therapy (cryotherapy) in reducing pain intensity in post-ORIF patients. This study used a case study method on a patient diagnosed with a right humerus fracture at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital. Data were collected through interviews, interventions, and documentation using the PQRST method. Cryotherapy was administered once daily for three consecutive days using an ice bag applied to the painful area. The results showed a gradual decrease in pain intensity from scale 7 to 6 on the first day, 5 on the second day, and 4 on the third day. The patient also reported increased comfort after the intervention. These findings indicate that cryotherapy is effective as a non-pharmacological intervention in reducing postoperative pain and improving patient comfort.

Blood sampling is a mildly invasive medical procedure aimed at detecting diseases, assessing organ function, and evaluating the patient's overall health. It often causes pain, which can affect patient comfort. Pain perception during this procedure is influenced by both physiological and psychological factors. Therefore, safe and easily implemented non-pharmacological interventions are essential to alleviate pain intensity, and one such intervention is deep breathing relaxation. This descriptive observational study employed a quantitative one-shot case study design with a posttest-only approach. Pain intensity was measured after the deep breathing relaxation intervention was given, without any pretest. The findings revealed that after the deep breathing relaxation intervention, most respondents experienced mild pain (84 people, 70.6%), moderate pain (32 people, 26.9%), and severe pain (2 people, 1.7%). The results indicate that deep breathing relaxation significantly reduces pain intensity during blood sampling and can be effectively used as a non-pharmacological intervention to enhance patient comfort during medical procedures.

Inguinal hernia is a common abdominal hernia occurring in the groin region and generally requires surgical management, with postoperative pain control being an important aspect of patient recovery. This case reports a 55-year-old male presenting with a left groin mass for 6 months, which was initially reducible but subsequently became difficult to reduce, accompanied by severe pain and activity limitation. Physical examination revealed a left inguinal mass measuring approximately 3.03 × 2.17 cm, with firm consistency, well-defined borders, immobility, and tenderness, while ultrasonography demonstrated dilation of the left inguinal canal after provocation; based on these findings, a diagnosis of left inguinal hernia with ASA physical status II was established. The patient was managed with herniorrhaphy under regional anesthesia using a subarachnoid block, followed by ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks with levobupivacaine and pehacain for postoperative analgesia. Intraoperatively, the patient remained hemodynamically stable, and postoperatively, pain intensity decreased gradually from a VAS score of 6 to 2 within 24 hours and reached 0 on the second postoperative day without significant complaints. This case demonstrates that regional anesthesia combined with ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block may support postoperative pain control after herniorrhaphy, maintain clinical stability, and improve patient comfort during recovery.

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a problem that women often experience during menstruation, in the form of dull pain in the lower abdomen because the uterine muscles contract. This pain can appear before menstruation, during menstruation, or after menstruation is finished. Dysmenorrhea refers to pain or discomfort that occurs during menstruation and can interfere with daily work. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of abdominal stretching exercises and deep breathing relaxation techniques on the level of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls. Methods: This type of research is quantitative research using a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group design with a purposive sampling technique, with a sample size of 80 female respondents from class X. The data collection tool used was an observation sheet with an NRS measuring instrument. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 23 with intergroup analysis using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results of the bivariate analysis of the Wilcoxon test in the experimental group showed a p value of 0.000 where (p<0.05), then the Mann-Whitney test showed a p value of 0.000 where (p<0.05) so that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, which means there is a significant influence and difference. Conclusion: This shows that there is an influence of Abdominal Stretching Exercise and Deep Breathing Relaxation Techniques on the Level of Dysmenorrhea Pain in Young Women (Research Study Conducted at SMK Negeri 1 Kubutambahan).

Sectio caesarea is a common surgical procedure to deliver a baby when normal delivery is not possible or risky. Postoperatively, patients often experience acute pain that can interfere with the recovery process. The benson relaxation technique is a nonpharmacological method that has been shown to be effective in reducing pain through a relaxation and patient confidence approach. This study uses a case study approach on Mrs. T, a post-sectio caesarea patient at Harapan Bunda Hospital, Batam City. Nursing care is carried out comprehensively for three days, including assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation. The main intervention was the administration of benzone relaxation techniques for 10–15 minutes every day. After three days of applying the Benson relaxation technique, Mrs. T's pain intensity decreased from a scale of 6 (moderate pain) to a scale of 2 (mild pain). Patients show increased comfort, ability to be active, and decreased expressions of pain such as grimacing. These results support previous findings that benzon relaxation is effective as a nonpharmacological therapy in reducing postoperative pain. This technique can be a safe and easy-to-apply alternative in nursing practice, especially for post-sectio caesarean patients.

Karies gigi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang paling sering terjadi pada anak, terutama pada gigi sulung yang memiliki struktur enamel lebih tipis dan rentan terhadap demineralisasi. Kondisi ini tidak hanya berdampak pada rasa nyeri atau ketidaknyamanan, tetapi juga dapat mengganggu fungsi pengunyahan, proses pencernaan, serta status gizi anak secara keseluruhan. Pada kasus yang berlangsung kronis, gangguan nutrisi akibat karies gigi dapat berkontribusi terhadap hambatan pertumbuhan yang pada akhirnya memunculkan kondisi anak berkebutuhan khusus. Situasi ini menjadi penting untuk diperhatikan mengingat kelompok anak berkebutuhan khusus memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terhadap masalah kesehatan gigi akibat keterbatasan motorik, kognitif, maupun perilaku dalam menjaga kebersihan rongga mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karies gigi sulung pada anak berkebutuhan khusus sebagai bagian dari upaya pemetaan masalah kesehatan gigi pada kelompok rentan di wilayah perkotaan. Penelitian deskriptif ini dilaksanakan di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Kota Makassar pada April - Oktober 2025 dengan pemeriksaan klinis yang mencakup observasi visual, penilaian kondisi gigi sulung, dan identifikasi tanda-tanda demineralisasi sesuai standar diagnostik karies. Pengumpulan data juga mempertimbangkan faktor pendukung seperti parameter saliva dan kondisi kebersihan mulut untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih komprehensif mengenai lingkungan intraoral anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar anak berkebutuhan khusus memiliki tingkat kerentanan karies yang masih cukup tinggi, ditandai dengan ditemukannya lesi aktif, permukaan gigi yang mengalami demineralisasi, serta kebersihan mulut yang kurang optimal. Variasi tingkat keparahan karies terlihat antarindividu, mencerminkan perbedaan pola makan, kebiasaan menyikat gigi, dan kemampuan perawatan diri. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya intervensi promotif dan preventif yang lebih terarah, termasuk edukasi kepada pengasuh dan pendamping. Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi data awal untuk penelitian lanjutan terkait kondisi kesehatan gigi anak berkebutuhan khusus di wilayah perkotaan.

Dispepsia merupakan salah satu gangguan gastrointestinal bagian atas yang ditandai oleh keluhan nyeri atau rasa tidak nyaman pada area epigastrium. Kondisi ini dapat berdampak pada penurunan kenyamanan, keterbatasan aktivitas, serta terganggunya proses pemulihan pasien. Selain pengobatan farmakologis, penatalaksanaan nyeri dapat dilakukan melalui intervensi nonfarmakologis untuk meningkatkan efektivitas perawatan. Salah satu metode yang banyak digunakan adalah teknik relaksasi napas dalam, yang berperan dalam menciptakan keadaan relaksasi fisiologis dan menurunkan persepsi nyeri melalui stimulasi pelepasan endorfin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan teknik relaksasi napas dalam dalam mengatasi nyeri akut pada pasien dengan dispepsia di Ruang Interna RSUD Serui. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi kasus dengan pendekatan deskriptif pada seorang pasien yang didiagnosis dispepsia dan mengalami masalah keperawatan nyeri akut. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik, serta telaah dokumentasi. Pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan dilakukan berdasarkan tahapan proses keperawatan yang meliputi pengkajian, diagnosis, perencanaan, implementasi, dan evaluasi.Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan pasien mengalami nyeri epigastrium dengan intensitas sedang (skala 5), bersifat menusuk, berlangsung sekitar 15 detik, dan muncul secara intermiten. Setelah penerapan teknik relaksasi napas dalam, terjadi penurunan intensitas nyeri yang disertai peningkatan kenyamanan dan kemampuan pasien dalam melakukan teknik tersebut secara mandiri. Evaluasi setelah 8 jam menunjukkan adanya perbaikan pada masalah keperawatan nyeri akut. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik relaksasi napas dalam merupakan intervensi keperawatan nonfarmakologis yang efektif, aman, dan mudah diaplikasikan untuk membantu mengurangi nyeri akut pada pasien dispepsia.