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The PESIAR Program (Petakan, Sisir, Advokasi, dan Registrasi Map, Screen, Advocate, and Register) is an operational instrument of BPJS Kesehatan designed to accelerate the achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by increasing National Health Insurance (JKN) membership at the local level. However, the effectiveness of this program’s implementation is strongly determined by the institutional capacity and configuration that support it. This article aims to reposition institutional determination not only as a factor influencing program effectiveness, but as a model of administrative governance in achieving UHC. The study uses a mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory design. Quantitative data were obtained through a survey of PESIAR Agents in Semarang City, while qualitative data were collected through open-ended questionnaires and interviews. The results show a strong, positive relationship between institutional determination and the effectiveness of the PESIAR Program. Qualitative findings further clarify that issues of program effectiveness largely originate from institutional capacity, the quality of cross-sector coordination, and the role of PESIAR Agents as field implementers. This study concludes that institutional determination deserves to be positioned as an administrative governance model for the PESIAR Program in promoting the achievement of UHC at the local level.

The high cost of colloid fluids and the large number of patients are concerns in determining which treatment standard should be chosen from several treatment alternative, where the total cost for 43 cases with a combination of crystalloid colloid fluids is IDR 209.370.993 while the total cost for 45 cases of crystalloid fluids is only UDR 146.492.268 which causes hospital losses. This study aims to determine the difference in the cost-effectiveness between crystalloid fluids and crystalloid-colloid combinations in hospitalized dengue fever patients without shock at Tangerang City Hospital. The research design used was cross-sectional with a comparative quantitative analysis method, where cost effectiveness was analyzed using the Average Cost Effectiveness Ratios (ACER) method. There were two groups of study samples: the first group, 25 patients who received crystalloid fluids, and the second group, 23 patients who received crystalloid-colloid combination fluids. This study showed a difference in the average hospitalization costs for dengue patients between crystalloid fluid therapy and crystalloid-colloid combination therapy. Hospitalization costs for dengue patients were lower in the crystalloid fluid group, with a significant difference (p=0.000). It was also found that crystalloid fluids were more cost-effective than the crystalloid-colloid combination. The implications of the study results consist of theoretical implications and practical implications. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, the crystalloid solutions are more cost-effective than crystalloid-colloid combinations. This finding can be used as a consideration in making decisions and policies that are in accordance with quality control and cost control for patients covered by the National Health Insurance (BPJS Health insurance).

The National Health Insurance (JKN) program, administered by BPJS Kesehatan, has significantly expanded public access to healthcare services, particularly inpatient care. This study aims to analyze inpatient JKN reimbursement patterns at Surakarta General Government Hospital during the period of 2020 to 2024. The analysis focuses on five main variables: INA-CBGs grouping codes, class of care, severity level, INA-CBGs tariff, and actual hospital costs. A descriptive-analytic method with a quantitative approach was employed, utilizing secondary data extracted from the INA-CBGs system. The results indicate that inpatient reimbursements were predominantly concentrated in Class 3 services (64%–70%) and severity level 1 (45%–59%). From 2020 to 2022, respiratory-related cases dominated, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, while in 2023–2024 a shift occurred toward non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. A consistent negative tariff gap was identified, particularly in Class 3 and severity level 1, where INA-CBGs reimbursements were insufficient to cover actual service costs. These findings underscore the importance of periodic review of INA-CBGs tariff structures, reinforcement of Quality and Cost Control (KMKB), and optimization of reimbursement management information systems to enhance service efficiency and ensure the financial sustainability of JKN, especially in Type C hospitals that serve as the primary level of healthcare delivery.

The quality of National Health Insurance (NHI) services is one of the important aspects of the health system in Indonesia. So that in an effort to improve the quality of health services, every health service facility is required to improve the quality of health services both internally and externally and continuously and sustainably. The purpose of this study is to determine the quality of service to the satisfaction of national health insurance (NHI) users. The method in this article uses a literature study, namely a method of collecting data by understanding and studying theories from various literatures related to a study that is being conducted. There are four stages of making a literature study in research, namely preparing the necessary literature sources, managing literature, organizing time and reading or recording research materials and by compiling articles. The results of this study show that the quality of service to the satisfaction of National Health Insurance (NHI) users is very important because it has a direct impact on the quality of life of the community with the quality of service, service waiting time, ease of access, affordable costs, good communication, availability of facilities, ability to overcome problems and satisfaction with the service process. It can be concluded that the quality of health services is very important because it has a direct impact on the quality of life of the community and patient safety. Good service quality can increase the satisfaction of NHI users and improve the quality of life of the community. For the government, it is necessary to improve evaluation and monitoring. Improve evaluation and monitoring of the quality of NHI services. Improve accessibility of information on NHI evaluation and monitoring.

The National Health Insurance Program, the Healthy Indonesia Card, is increasingly being utilized by the community. Improving the quality of services is also the focus of the efforts made. However, these improvements are expected not to be fragmented in just one aspect of the service. The goal of service quality is to meet or even exceed community expectations. The purpose of this literature review is to review how to improve the quality of National Health Insurance services in public health facilities. The literature used in this study is by determining articles that meet the inclusion criteria. The database used is Google Scholar. The year of publication of the literature sources taken is the last 5 years between 2020 and 2025. The literature sources use English or Indonesian. The results of 5 articles obtained that to improve the quality of National Health Insurance (NHI) services in public health facilities, namely by providing access to services, completing infrastructure that is still lacking, implementing the Healthy Indonesia Card Health Insurance Program Policy, and increasing the professionalism of human resources. It can be concluded that improving the quality of National Health Insurance (NHI) services in public health facilities can also be done by building an ecosystem with integrity, utilizing technology to facilitate access to health services that can facilitate the community in utilizing health services. For the government, it is necessary to provide new policies to facilitate NHI participants in obtaining health services, strengthening cross-sector support, whether in the form of regulations, infrastructure, or funding. In addition, there is also a need for evaluation from various aspects in order to create good quality in the utilization of health services.

The National Health Insurance Program (JKN) organized by BPJS Health aims to improve access and quality of health services for all levels of Indonesian society. This research examines the effectiveness of the JKN program, with a focus on the use of the JKN mobile application, program implementation in health facilities, and factors that influence service quality. Based on case studies in several regions, the research results show that the JKN mobile application makes it easy for participants to access health-related services and information, although there are still obstacles such as a lack of public understanding of the application and technical problems. Apart from that, health services in hospitals and community health centers still face challenges such as a shortage of medical personnel, delays in services, and timeliness in administrative processes. Although the JKN program has expanded access to services, challenges in equal distribution of service quality and health resources still need to be overcome. Overall, the JKN program plays an important role in improving people's health and welfare, but improvements are needed in terms of community understanding, infrastructure and service efficiency to achieve more optimal and equitable health goals throughout Indonesia.

The Indonesian government has made various efforts to overcome this health problem, such as through the National Health Insurance (JKN) program which aims to provide more equitable access to health services for the entire population. This study aims to identify and analyze key health policies in Indonesia, as well as evaluate the successes and challenges in their implementation. The research method uses the literature review method to analyze, identify and analyze key health policies in Indonesia, as well as evaluate the successes and challenges in their implementation. The research method uses the literature review method to analyze, identify and analyze key health policies in Indonesia, as well as evaluate the successes and challenges in their implementation. Literature review is an effective method for collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing information from various sources relevant to the research topic. The results of the study show that the importance of health policies in Indonesia to improve public health. Through the identification of key health policies, evaluation of their successes, and challenges in their implementation, this study provides an in-depth understanding of the political dynamics that influence health policies. In conclusion, by identifying key health policies, evaluating their success, and facing challenges in their implementation, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the political dynamics that influence health policies.      

One of the easiest ways to detect cervical cancer early is with a visual examination of acetic acid. Early detection of cervical cancer by visual examination with acetic acid is guaranteed by the government, namely BPJS Kesehatan, and is included in the national health insurance program. The purpose of the study was to determine the low participation of women of childbearing age in acetic acid visual examination by UPT Puskesmas Timpah. The method used in this study is descriptive research. Questionnaires made by purposive sampling technique are used as data collection instruments; The maximum number of samples in the study sample is 30 samples. The respondents of this study were women of childbearing age. The results showed that based on respondents' knowledge of information, 26 respondents were uninformed (86.66%), 20 respondents (93.33%) did not support men. In the field of education, 21 people were found to have elementary and junior high school education as much as 70%, in the support of officers it was found that 20 people did not support (66.67%). Regarding access to information, it is known that 22 people did not get any assistance to get information (73.33%).    

National Health Insurance (JKN) is a priority for low- and middle-income countries as a way to increase access to health services and reduce the financial burden on health care. The special objective is to analyze the relationship between income and participation in the National Health Insurance (JKN). The 30 respondents, 19 (63.3) respondents were female and 11 (26.7) were male. And aged > 45 years old a total of 15 (50.0) and < 45 years old (50.0). And almost all 23 respondents (69.7) earned < 2,190,206 in each month and as many as 7 respondents with an income of > 2,190,206 in each month. There is a significant positive relationship between the level of opinion and participation in the National Health Insurance program, where the higher the income, the more people participate in the National Health Insurance program. Comprehensive and comparable estimates of health spending across countries are critical to achieving national and international health goals. If there is more health care, the amount of premium that will be issued will also be a lot. Premium increases in the health insurance sector are an uphill task for policymakers to form balanced policies that can provide affordable health care while maintaining survival  

The health services between urban and rural areas are quite interesting because they have many differences that can be seen, especially the gap between the two areas. One of the characteristics of urban and rural areas is accessibility development, urban areas tend to develop faster than rural areas. This article was created with the aim of knowing the condition of health service facilities in rural areas in Indonesia and their access, especially for the elderly. The search strategy used in this research is a systematic literature review. The disparity in the elderly's use of health facilities are impacted by their education level, socioeconomic status, ownership of insurance, distance traveled, and cost of transportation. In conclusion, access to healthcare is crucial in Indonesia, particularly for elderly people living in rural areas. The Indonesian government must evenly distribute medical facilities in rural areas and guarantee universal coverage with National Health Insurance. To improve elderly health care, the government needs to develop sufficient expertise with health and social care workers with the necessary training in integrated care services.

According to Law No. 36 of 2009, health is a state of health, both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially that allows everyone to lead a socially and economically productive life. To ensure this health, the government established a health insurance known as the National Health Insurance (JKN). In its implementation, the JKN program experienced several challenges and obstacles. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the JKN program in terms of increasing public health access. The research method used was a literature review obtained from eight journals from the Google Schoolar online database  between 2018 and 2023. Based on BPJS Kesehatan data as of October 2022, as many as 89.35% of the entire Indonesian population has been guaranteed health financing through the JKN program. There are several factors that affect the implementation of the JKN program, namely internal and external factors. To overcome this, various strategies are needed to optimize the JKN program in Indonesia. In addition, collaboration between stakeholders and the implementation of digitalization of health services in various health care facilities are also needed as readiness to face the global world. In its implementation, the implementation of JKN still experiences various obstacles such as low stakeholder readiness and responsiveness,  facilities and infrastructure that have not been maximized, and regulations regarding the JKN program have not been available and socialized properly.

The National Health Insurance Program is the Government's effort to provide guarantees so that health services are provided to Participants in the National Health Insurance Program. In its implementation, there is a risk in the form of fraud committed by unscrupulous persons. The consequence of fraud is the imposition of sanctions which are an important part of every law and regulation. One of the imposition of sanctions for perpetrators of fraud is administrative sanctions. Administrative sanctions that arise do not erase criminal sanctions in accordance with the provisions of the legislation. Administrative sanctions are considered to be far more effective in forcing people to comply with legal provisions governing business and industry and environmental protection than criminal sanctions. With the imposition of these sanctions it is expected to maintain the sustainability of the National Health Insurance Program

Every citizen has the right to guaranteed access to quality and affordable health services. Initially, all administrative matters related to JKN can be carried out at the BPJS Kesehatan office. However, the covid 19 pandemic situation requires people to limit social interactions to prevent the chain of transmission of covid 19 infection. Therefore, digital innovations such as the JKN mobile application are needed by the public, especially JKN participants. The JKN mobile application is an innovation developed to make it easier for participants who initially carried out administrative activities at the BPJS Kesehatan office, to switch to applications that can be accessed anytime and anywhere. This research is a qualitative research that aims to explore in depth how the use of the JKN mobile application, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The informants in this study consisted of 8 informants consisting of BPJS Kesehatan officers and 7 JKN participants who had used the JKN mobile application domiciled in Gianyar Regency, Bali. This study was conducted using the indepth interview method with purposive sampling technique. This research shows the results that the JKN mobile application is very helpful for participants in terms of checking or changing participant data, accessing contribution information and printing digital cards that can be used in health facilities. However, there are still many features that have not been utilized due to participants' ignorance of the existence of features such as online consultations and online queues. So that wider socialization is needed regarding the benefits of the JKN mobile application both on social media and electronic media.    

The JKN Program is an effort to equalize the quality of health services for all Indonesians, with a wide range of health services and affordable contributions. The JKN program has many benefits, but there are still many participants who do not comply with the JKN program rules, for example, do not pay contributions on time. This study aims to determine the factors that can influence public compliance with the JKN program in each region of Indonesia. The method in this study uses a literature review design by collecting research sources in the form of valid articles. After several article sources have been collected, the researcher reviews the published article sources to produce a new analysis. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the factors that influence the compliance of JKN participants in paying contributions are the level of knowledge, income level, and perceptions of health risks that are owned by each member of the community. The use of first-level health facilities can also affect participant compliance in seeking health services and social, economic, and cultural presence are also a number of external factors in JKN participant compliance.

Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is used as an important issue for both developed and developing countries. The purpose of this UHC is to protect the health budget for the community so that their needs and welfare can be met. UHC is given to all people, whether they are able or not economically able. One of the reasons why Indonesia's health quality is still not good is the cost of health services which are considered expensive. Therefore, the UHC program in Indonesia is quite important to deal with this problem. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing UHC in improving health services in Indonesia. The research design used in this study was a literature review using Google scholar and Pubmed to search for previous related articles. The criteria for related articles used are those published from 2019-2023 and a total of 6 journals have been collected. Based on the six related journals, the results show that UHC appears to be effective in improving the quality of health services in Indonesia. Universal Health Coverage System (UHC) Plan The UHC system has been modified by the government to meet the conditions and goals of a professional, efficient, effective and long-term National Health Coverage. the embodiment of UHC goals carried out by Indonesia, namely the implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) which is a concrete step embodiment of the National Social Security System (SJSN).

This study aims to analyze the ease of making payments, ability to pay and compliance with making payment of the individual participant National Health Insurance (JKN-KIS) in the BPJS Kesehatan Magelang. This research, it is hoped that it will be able to contribute to BPJS Kesehatan regarding matters and ideas to form a strategy which can increase the collectability of JKN-KIS premium payment contributions, especially for the individual participant segment. This research belongs to the type of quantitative descriptive research. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The data were collected through distributing questionnaires given to 400 individual participants BPJS Kesehatan. The data collection method in this study used a questionnaire using a Likert scale. The data that has been collected through distributing questionnaires, then testing the instrument. Where, the instrument test consists of validity and reliability tests. Researchers in this study took samples using purposive sampling technique, specifically for individual participants BPJS Kesehatan. This research uses quantitative descriptive analysis by calculating the average (mean). The results of the analysis show that the ease of making payments shows the dimensions mean high category in all dimensions, so it can be concluded that the participants are very easy to make contribution payments with the payment mechanisms and procedures and channels provided by BPJS Kesehatan. The results analysis of the ability to pay and the results analysis of compliance with making payments show the dimensions mean value of the low category in all dimensions. That it needs to receive special attention from BPJS Kesehatan so the ability and compliance in paying contributions will increase.

The National Health Insurance (JKN) Program is part of the National Social Security System (SJSN) which is organized using the principle of mandatory social health insurance based on Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 40 Tahun 2004. The implementation of the National Social Security System aims to provide guarantees for the fulfillment of the basic needs of a decent life for each participant and their family. In the use of JKN services, participants are required to follow the referral service procedures as stated in the regulations. During the Covid-19 pandemic, various service channels have been launched which are expected to make it easier for participants when they want to take advantage of the JKN program. So it is felt necessary to socialize to the community to understand the benefits and procedures of JKN services so that this program can be utilized as well as possible. This community service activity is carried out by providing education to private workers in Gianyar Regency. Education is carried out in the form of online webinars by utilizing zoom meeting media. After socialization, the results were obtained that there was an increase in participants' knowledge of JKN.

In all section of inventory management, including inventory management in a hospital, minimize cost and ideal inventory accommodation against demand has always been a primary goal (Varghese, 2012). Nearly a third of the operational success of a hospital is in the field of medical supplies. In its usual way, inventory  management in hospitals using the approach to the demand usage, the characteristics of the item and the estimate of the demand. The model presented in this study accommodates that common approach which use a combination of inventory safety stock limit, Economic Order Quantity, and reorder point in a information system dashboard that capable to provide quick and easy information about the condition of inventory management. The result of the system are used for the hospital pharmaceutical inventory management in integration with the INACBGs  to optimize the inventory performance.