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Postpartum depression is a postpartum mental health disorder that significantly impacts maternal well-being, infant development, and family functioning. The high prevalence of postpartum depression in Indonesia is due to limited access to health services, low mental health literacy, and social stigma in the community. This indicates a significant gap between the need for maternal mental health services and the availability of existing interventions, making education a crucial component in efforts to prevent postpartum depression early. This study aims to analyze the prevention of postpartum depression in postpartum mothers through telenursing-based education and screening using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in the community. A descriptive case study design was used, involving one respondent, a 25-year-old primigravida mother residing in the Bantul area. The intervention was implemented online via WhatsApp and video calls, including structured health education on postpartum psychological changes, adaptive coping strategies, and the importance of social support. The intervention also included daily remote monitoring of the respondent's condition via the WhatsApp mobile application. The EPDS was administered as a pre-test and post-test to evaluate changes in the respondent's psychological condition. The findings showed a significant decrease in the EPDS score from 16 (moderate depression) to 6 (minimal depression), indicating significant psychological improvement. These results imply that integrating EPDS screening, structured health education, and daily monitoring is an effective and accessible community-based approach to preventing postpartum depression, particularly for mothers with limited mobility and access to health services.

The optimal therapeutic impact of local vaginal drug delivery systems is strongly influenced by the physical characteristics balance of Solid Vaginal Suppositories. A comprehensive review regarding the comparison of mechanical profiles, specifically melting time and crushing strength parameters, from various base classifications constitutes the primary objective of this literature research. The implementation of a Literature Review study design was executed through the extraction of empirical data from twelve experimental journals published within the last ten years. Excessively rapid phase transformation characteristics at physiological basal temperatures and low compression resistance were consistently demonstrated by lipophilic bases such as Oleum Cacao. The risk of structural deformation during the distribution process is highly susceptible to unmodified lipid preparations. High surface elasticity accompanied by a delay in molecular hydration duration reaching 120 minutes was recorded in the utilization of Glycerinated Gelatin Base. Structural rigidity exceeding 4 kgF and disintegration time efficiency under 60 minutes were optimally demonstrated by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Base. An enhancement in mechanical resistance against external shocks during the storage period is offered by the thorough modification of the synthetic polymer ratios. Therefore, the determination of the PEG base as the most optimal material is recommended to maintain the quality stability of pharmaceutical products. Compendial regulation standards regarding the physical strength testing of pharmaceutical preparations must be obeyed by every institution to ensure long-term treatment effectiveness. Thus, the alignment between active substance release duration and physical preparation endurance can be realized for absolute patient comfort.

Low Birth Weight (LBW) refers to infants born with a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams and remains an important issue in neonatal health due to its association with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. To analyze the determinants of LBW based on primary studies published from 2021 to 2026. A literature review was conducted using the PRISMA approach. Article searches were performed through PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest using the keywords low birth weight, determinant factors, risk factors, BBLR, and faktor risiko with Boolean operators AND/OR. The inclusion criteria were primary studies, full-text availability, publication in Indonesian or English, and publication years from 2021 to 2026. A total of 20 articles were included, consisting of 15 international articles and 5 national sources. The review showed that LBW is influenced by interrelated maternal, nutritional, obstetric, and sociodemographic factors during pregnancy. The most dominant factors included multiple pregnancy with an adjusted OR of 21.74, maternal food insecurity with an AOR of 6.85, maternal hemoglobin level <11 g/dL with an AOR of 5.21, lack of iron-folic acid supplementation with an AOR of 4.17, maternal age ≤20 years with an AOR of 3.42, pregnancy interval <1 year with an adjusted OR of 2.92, missed antenatal care visits with an AOR of 2.74, smoking during pregnancy with an OR of 2.18, and maternal hypertension with an AOR of 1.94. LBW is influenced by multiple interrelated factors; therefore, efforts to reduce its incidence should focus on evidence-based interventions, particularly through optimizing antenatal care services, improving maternal nutritional status, and early detection of pregnancy.

This study aims to examine the effect of working capital efficiency and leverage on profitability and its implications for firm value in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2025 period. The post-COVID-19 pandemic condition has increased operational risks for manufacturing companies due to fluctuations in interest rates, exchange rates, cash management, inventories, and receivables. Therefore, companies are required to implement more effective financial strategies to maintain competitiveness. Profitability is positioned as an intervening variable because previous studies showed inconsistent results regarding the relationship between working capital efficiency, leverage, profitability, and firm value. This research uses a quantitative approach with path analysis to examine direct and indirect relationships among variables. The population consists of all manufacturing companies listed on the IDX, while the sample includes 45 companies selected from 270 firms using purposive sampling based on specific criteria, such as consistent listing and financial performance. The results indicate that working capital efficiency has a significant positive effect on profitability, leverage has a significant negative effect on profitability, profitability significantly increases firm value, and profitability fully mediates the effect of working capital efficiency and leverage on firm value. These findings provide theoretical and practical implications for managers and investors in financial decision-making.

This study analyzes the urgency of strengthening citizen lawsuit mechanisms in response to spatial planning failures from an environmental law perspective, using the 2025 floods in Bali as a case study. The study is motivated by the increasing frequency and intensity of floods, which can no longer be understood as merely natural phenomena, but rather as the result of structural failures in spatial planning management and weak government accountability. Normatively, spatial planning is regulated under Undang Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 dan Undang Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 however, its implementation reveals a gap between legal norms and actual practice. The methodology employed is a normative legal approach, involving an analysis of legislation, legal doctrine, and judicial practices related to citizen lawsuits. The study's findings show that land-use conversion and development in water catchment areas, which go against the precautionary principle, the polluter pays principle, and sustainable development, are examples of spatial planning violations that cause flooding in Bali. In this situation, citizen lawsuits increase public access to justice while acting as a legal tool to hold the state responsible for its carelessness. However, this mechanism's effectiveness is still limited by the absence of a clear legal foundation, the difficulty of the burden of proof, and the public's limited access to the litigation process. Therefore, in order for citizen lawsuits to serve as effective tools for environmental protection and accountability, it is imperative that clear regulations be established, procedures be streamlined, and public access and ability information be improved.

The development of digital technology in the Society 5.0 era presents both challenges and opportunities in history teaching, particularly regarding teachers’ ability to integrate technology and adapt to changes in students’ learning styles. This study aims to analyse the challenges faced by teachers and the strategies employed in digital-based history teaching. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) employing the PRISMA approach, involving the stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion of scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025. From the selection process, 25 relevant articles were identified for qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that teachers’ digital literacy levels remain at a moderate level and are unevenly distributed, thereby affecting the sub-optimal integration of technology into teaching. Furthermore, changes in students’ learning styles which are increasingly technology-oriented require more interactive and contextual pedagogical innovations. On the other hand, the use of digital media has proven capable of enhancing student motivation and learning outcomes, although this is still hindered by limitations in infrastructure and teachers’ technical competencies. The abundance of historical information on the internet also poses challenges regarding the validity of sources, thus necessitating the strengthening of digital literacy and critical thinking. The implications of this research underscore the importance of the ongoing development of teachers’ digital skills, the improvement of educational facilities, and the implementation of innovative teaching models to ensure that history teaching becomes more relevant and effective, and is capable of fostering critical thinking skills in pupils in the digital age.

This study describes the fluctuating exports and imports over the past five years, from 2020 to 2024, which also influenced fluctuations in Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of exports and imports on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves from 2020 to 2024. The research method is quantitative using secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. The population in this study was 5 years from 2020 to 2024. Data analysis used classical assumption tests consisting of normality tests, multicollinearity tests, and heteroscedasticity tests. In addition, hypothesis tests were also used, consisting of partial tests, simultaneous tests, and coefficient of determination tests. The results of this study indicate that the export variable has a negative effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves from 2020 to 2024. The import variable has a positive effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves from 2020 to 2024. Export and import variables do not simultaneously affect Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves from 2020 to 2024. The implication of this research is that the government needs to manage export and import policies more effectively, as they do not always have the theoretical impact on foreign exchange reserves. Improvements in export quality and import controls are needed, as well as consideration of other factors such as foreign investment and economic policies to maintain the stability of foreign exchange reserves.

Desa Motu is an area that experiences limited internet access due to the unavailability of conventional ISP services and weak cellular signal coverage. This study aims to develop a community-based RT/RW Net network system to provide internet access by utilizing Starlink as the main ISP and distributing connectivity through networking devices such as MikroTik routers, access points, switches, and fiber optic media. Network testing was conducted by measuring download and upload speeds using network testing ap-plications, evaluating connection stability through latency (ping) measurements, and assessing signal coverage at several user locations. The results show that the implemented RT/RW Net network is able to provide a stable internet connection with consistent speeds at different testing times, as well as optimal signal distribution across multiple measurement points. The authentication system using vouchers, PPPoE, hotspot login, and MAC Binding functions properly, and the free educational access feature also operates effectively. These findings indicate that the RT/RW Net–based community network model can serve as an affordable and sustainable solution for expanding internet access in rural areas.

The phenomenon of emotional healing has become increasingly prominent in popular culture as the younger generation experiences increasing loss, emotional exhaustion, and numbness. Popular music serves as a medium of expression, representing these emotional dynamics through poetic language and symbolic structures. This study aims to analyze the emotional representation of healing in Umay Shahab's song "Perayaan Mati Rasa" using Roland Barthes's semiotic approach. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, analyzing three layers of meaning: denotation, connotation, and myth, through breaking down the lyrics into several lexicons and reading signs. The results show that (1) denotatively, the lyrics construct an emotional arc from inner tension to self-contemplation; (2) connotatively, the use of diction and imagery represents vulnerability, resilience, and emotional reflection; and (3) at the mythical level, the song constructs release as a form of emotional maturity and loss as a process of identity formation. Thus, this song functions as a cultural representation in interpreting the process of emotional healing in popular culture.

This study aims to examine the gastronomy of the traditional culinary dish Ayam Napinadar as part of Batak cultural identity, covering aspects of history, ingredients, processing techniques, cultural values, and preservation challenges. The background of this research is based on the importance of maintaining the sustainability of traditional cuisine amid modernization and changes in consumption patterns. The method used is a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with three informants, namely an MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Eterprises) practitioner, a traditional leader, and a consumer. The results show that Ayam Napinadar has a unique characteristic in the use of andaliman and blood (gota) as its distinctive flavor. Traditionally, the cooking process involves grilling over firewood to produce a characteristic smoky aroma, although it has now shifted to more practical methods without altering the original recipe. From a cultural perspective, Ayam Napinadar holds symbolic meaning as an expression of prayers, blessings, and joy in various Batak traditional ceremonies. However, there are challenges in its preservation, such as the declining participation of younger generations in traditional activities and the increasing influence of modern foods. In conclusion, Ayam Napinadar functions not only as food but also as a medium for preserving cultural values and ethnic identity. This study provides benefits as a basis for developing gastronomic tourism and strategies for preserving traditional cuisine through education, collaboration, and the use of modern promotional media.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Kemasantani Village have considerable potential in developing cassava-based products using MOCAF flour, particularly Antari chips. However, limited brand identity, unattractive packaging, and the underutilization of digital marketing have constrained product competitiveness and revenue growth. This community service program aimed to strengthen branding and optimize digital marketing strategies to support MSME revenue growth. A qualitative participatory approach was employed through surveys, interviews, observations, documentation, and direct assistance in brand identity development, packaging redesign, and social media management. The results indicate improvements in product image, packaging attractiveness, and market reach through digital platforms. The integrated application of branding and digital marketing successfully increased consumer engagement and led to an approximate 35% increase in MSME revenue within a three-month period. These findings suggest that strategic branding and digital marketing are effective approaches for enhancing competitiveness and ensuring the sustainability of locally based MSMEs in rural areas.

The purpose of this study was to determine the direct influence of work motivation on work ethic and ethical responsibility, the influence of ethical responsibility on work ethic, and the indirect influence of work motivation on work ethic through ethical responsibility as an intervening variable on employees at the Human Resources Development Agency of Jambi Province. The method used was quantitative research. The results of the study showed that work motivation towards work ethic had a significance value of 0.000 (P <0.05), work motivation towards ethical responsibility had a significance value of 0.000 (P <0.05), and ethical responsibility towards work ethic had a significance value of 0.000 (P <0.05). Furthermore, the indirect effect of work motivation on work ethic through the ethics of responsibility has a significance value of 0.000 (P <0.05), so that work motivation influences work ethic through the ethics of responsibility as an intervening variable. In conclusion, work motivation influences work ethic through the ethics of responsibility as an intervening variable for employees at the Human Resources Development Agency of Jambi Province.

This study aims to analyze the difference in anxiety levels before and after the administration of Qur’anic murottal therapy among third-trimester pregnant women. The third trimester is often associated with increased physical discomfort and psychological stress, which may lead to higher anxiety levels. This research employed a pre-experimental design using a one-group pretest-posttest approach involving 25 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Anxiety levels were measured using the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS), and the data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The findings showed that before the intervention, 48% of respondents experienced moderate anxiety and 52% experienced severe anxiety. After the intervention, 40% experienced mild anxiety, 48% moderate, and only 12% severe anxiety. The statistical test result indicated a Z value of -4.376 with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means there was a significant difference in anxiety levels before and after the intervention. These results suggest that murottal therapy is effective in reducing anxiety among third-trimester pregnant women and can be considered as a safe non-pharmacological intervention.

Sweet orange peel (Citrus x aurantium L.) is an agricultural by-product rich in bioactive compounds including flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and vitamin C with antioxidant and moisturizing potential. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a body lotion using 15% ethanol extract of sweet orange peel obtained by maceration with 96% ethanol. Evaluations included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability, viscosity, irritation, cycling test, cream type, and DPPH antioxidant activity assessments. The preparation was semisolid, yellow, with a characteristic herbal aroma, homogeneous, pH 8, adhesion time of 4.10 seconds, spreadability of 9.9–11.1 cm, and acceptable viscosity. The preparation caused no skin irritation, remained stable through six cycling test cycles, and formed an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. Antioxidant activity showed an IC₅₀ of 284.6 ppm (weak category) compared to vitamin C as positive control (IC₅₀ 4.2 ppm). It was concluded that ethanol extract of sweet orange peel can be formulated into a stable and safe body lotion, though further optimization is needed to enhance its antioxidant activity.

Introduction: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common neuropathy caused by compression and tension of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel of the wrist. The most common symptoms of CTS include pain and paresthesia (tingling) with or without numbness in the me dian nerve area of ​​the wrist. Method: The method used was a case study on a 72-year-old male patient diagnosed with bilateral CTS who experienced pain (NRS 7/10), tingling, numbness, and limitations in hand movement and functional activity. Physiotherapy interventions provided included Ultrasound therapy (US), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), nerve mobilization, and structured exercise therapy in the form of stretching and median nerve gliding. Evaluation was carried out using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) for functional activity. Result: The results showed a significant reduction in pain, with motion pain decreasing from a scale of 7 to 3 and pressure pain from 5 to 1 after three therapy sessions. Furthermore, there was an increase in functional activity, as indicated by a decrease in BCTQ scores, namely the Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) from 4 to 2 and the Functional Status Scale (FSS) from 4 to 2. This indicates a gradual improvement from the moderate-severe category to approaching mild. Conclusion: A multimodal physiotherapy approach is effective in reducing pain, reducing paresthesias, and improving hand function in CTS patients. Combining various therapeutic modalities has been shown to be more optimal than single therapies because it can address various pathological aspects simultaneously. Therefore, comprehensive, evidence-based physiotherapy interventions are highly recommended in the conservative management of CTS.

Frozen  shoulder or adhesive capsulitis is a chronic condition that causes pain and limited movement in the shoulder joint. Intervention in the early phase (freezing stage) is crucial to prevent more severe functional disabilities, especially in the elderly population. This case study was conducted on a 60-year-old female patient with complaints of pain and stiffness in the right shoulder for one month. Clinical assessment was conducted using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) for muscle strength, goniometry for joint range of motion, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) for functional ability. The therapy program was administered in three intervention sessions. After undergoing three therapy sessions, there was a significant reduction in pain intensity, where movement pain decreased from a score of 7 to 5 and pressure pain from 5 to 2. Muscle strength improved from a value of 3 to 4 on the MMT scale. Additionally, the total SPADI score decreased from 66.1% to 50%, indicating an improvement in the patient's functional capacity in daily activities. The multimodal physiotherapy approach has proven effective in reducing pain, increasing muscle strength, and improving shoulder function in elderly patients with early-stage frozen  shoulder. The combination of electro-physical modalities and manual therapy provides more comprehensive clinical outcomes compared to single interventions.

English learning at the elementary school level plays an important role in developing students’ early language competence, particularly in listening skills as the foundation for other language abilities. However, many learning processes still rely on conventional teaching methods that do not fully accommodate the developmental characteristics of young learners, resulting in limited engagement and listening comprehension. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the role of storytelling in improving English listening skills among elementary school students and to identify effective implementation strategies in classroom learning. This research employs a library research method by reviewing and analyzing various relevant literature sources, including books, scientific journals, and previous research findings related to storytelling in English language learning. The analysis shows that storytelling contributes significantly to improving students’ listening comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, attention, and learning motivation. Through structured narratives, expressive delivery, and the support of visual media, storytelling creates a contextual and meaningful learning environment that helps students understand spoken English more effectively. The findings also indicate that the effectiveness of storytelling is closely related to the developmental characteristics of elementary school students who learn better through concrete, imaginative, and engaging experiences. Furthermore, the implementation of storytelling through systematic stages pre-listening, while-listening, and post-listening can enhance students participation and comprehension during the learning process. In conclusion, storytelling can be considered an effective instructional strategy for improving English listening skills among elementary school students while also supporting vocabulary development and creating an engaging learning atmosphere.

This study aims to systematically examine empirical evidence on the effectiveness of role play in improving EFL students' speaking skills. Using Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology guided by the PRISMA framework, this study analyzed 20 peer-reviewed articles obtained from Google Scholar, ERIC, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria focused on studies investigating role play as an instructional technique targeting speaking skills in EFL or ESL contexts. Findings reveal that role play consistently and significantly improves key speaking components including fluency, accuracy, pronunciation, vocabulary, and confidence. Additionally, role play reduces speaking anxiety and promotes a more communicative and interactive learning environment. This review also identifies moderating factors such as class size, student proficiency level, and teacher facilitation quality that influence role play effectiveness. These findings suggest that role play is a highly effective pedagogical strategy for improving speaking competence, particularly in EFL contexts, and its systematic integration into curriculum design is strongly recommended.

This study examines the implementation of Indonesia’s Visa on Arrival (VoA) policy in DKI Jakarta as both an instrument of tourism-driven economic recovery and a component of non-military national defense management under Law No. 23 of 2019 on the Management of National Resources for National Defense. While VoA has significantly contributed to the rebound of international tourist arrivals—surpassing 11 million visits nationally in 2023—it simultaneously generates governance challenges at strategic entry points such as Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, where facilitation of mobility intersects with risks including overstaying, transnational crime, human trafficking, and potential infiltration by non-state actors. Existing scholarship largely emphasizes economic impacts and regulatory frameworks, leaving limited analysis of VoA as part of an integrated civil defense infrastructure. Addressing this gap, the study aims to analyze how VoA implementation in DKI Jakarta is managed within a non-military defense perspective, particularly regarding institutional coordination, immigration intelligence, and risk mitigation mechanisms. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with immigration officials and security stakeholders, document analysis of relevant laws and ministerial regulations, and review of official immigration statistics, followed by thematic analysis. The findings indicate that although VoA effectively supports economic and diplomatic objectives, its function as a non-military defense instrument remains constrained by fragmented inter-agency coordination, uneven intelligence integration, and limited adaptive governance capacity at the local level. Strengthening collaborative surveillance systems, data-sharing mechanisms, and strategic policy alignment between immigration authorities and national defense institutions is therefore essential. The study concludes that reframing immigration governance as part of Indonesia’s broader non-military defense strategy is crucial to balancing openness with security in high-density international gateways.

This research aims to analyze the juridical mechanism and implementation of canceling unilateral actions by bankrupt debtors through the actio pauliana lawsuit, providing legal protection for creditors. Debtors often transfer assets before bankruptcy, reducing the value of the bankruptcy estate and harming creditors. Using a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study explores the legal basis of Article 1341 of the Indonesian Civil Code, as elaborated by Articles 41 to 50 of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (UUKPKPU). The analysis shows that canceling unilateral actions, such as asset transfers, grants, or debt waivers, requires evidence of bad faith and awareness of potential losses by both debtors and third parties. This lawsuit serves as a claw-back provision to retrieve assets that were wrongfully removed from the bankruptcy estate, ensuring the pari passu pro rata parte principle. The main obstacle is proving the subjective element of "knowledge" and the conflict of interest with protecting third parties acting in good faith. In conclusion, strengthening the curator’s role and aligning the interpretation of commercial court judges is crucial to protect creditors' economic rights from manipulative actions by debtors.