Publication Search

Dysphagia in extremely elderly patients represents a significant clinical challenge because it is frequently associated with frailty, malnutrition, and an increased risk of aspiration. Multifactorial etiologies and atypical clinical manifestations may complicate diagnosis and delay appropriate management. This study aimed to describe the diagnostic evaluation and clinical findings of dysphagia in an extremely elderly patient through a case report supported by a scoping review. A 105-year-old woman with chronic progressive dysphagia underwent comprehensive assessment, including physical examination, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, histopathological evaluation, and chest radiography. Relevant literature on dysphagia in geriatric populations was reviewed to provide contextual understanding of diagnostic challenges and underlying etiologies. The evaluation revealed chronic active gastritis and a hamartomatous polyp in the gastroesophageal region without evidence of malignancy. Comprehensive assessment successfully excluded malignant and acute obstructive causes, emphasizing the complexity of dysphagia diagnosis in extremely elderly individuals with frailty and aspiration risk. These findings underscore the importance of endoscopic and histopathological examinations in distinguishing benign from malignant etiologies and support early recognition of multifactorial non-malignant causes to optimize clinical management and reduce the risk of adverse outcomes in this vulnerable population

The global energy crisis and climate change are driving the development of biodiesel as a renewable energy source. Graphite as an additive shows significant potential in improving the efficiency and reducing emissions of biodiesel. This study maps graphite-biodiesel research in Southeast Asia using a meta analysis of systematic reviews of 68 publications from Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect from 2015-2024. The results show that Malaysia leads in publication contributions (32%), followed by Thailand (28%) and Indonesia (18%). The optimal graphite concentration of 50 ppm increases brake thermal efficiency by 8.3% and reduces CO (15.7%), HC (12.4%), and smoke (18.9%) emissions, although there is an increase in NOx (6.8%). Palm oil methyl ester dominated the research (56%). Indonesia has strategic opportunities with abundant feedstock and graphite deposits, but faces challenges in research infrastructure, limited international collaboration, and the absence of an integrated national roadmap. Infrastructure investment, human resource strengthening, and industry academia collaboration are needed to accelerate national biodiesel research.

COPD is a condition characterized by airflow obstruction that cannot be completely corrected. This limitation generally worsens over time and is associated with abnormal permeability to noxious particles or gases, resulting in narrowing of the airways, increased mucus secretion, and changes in the vascular system. The increase in chest expansion capacity is caused by the activity of respiratory muscle contraction. The activity of the respiratory muscles plays a role in chest expansion, which also affects lung growth. It is stated that the strength of the respiratory muscles decreases with age. Loss of intercostal muscle mass and strength are factors that reduce the ability of chest wall presence or development. This study used a case report design research method. Physiotherapy management for COPD is increasingly focused on exercise-based rehabilitation, both in outpatient and inpatient settings. Some therapies such as breathing exercises, thoracic expansion exercises and muscle release.

Background: The global energy transition requires low-carbon solutions that can be integrated into existing thermal systems without drastic infrastructure changes. Hydrogen blending in conventional combustion systems has emerged as a promising pathway to reduce carbon emissions while maintaining operational flexibility. Objective: This study aims to experimentally evaluate the effect of hydrogen blending ratios (0–100% by volume) on thermal efficiency, CO₂ emissions, and NOx emissions, and to determine the optimal blending range based on technical and economic feasibility. Methods: An experimental thermal system prototype was developed and tested under controlled conditions with three repetitions per operating point. Performance parameters included combustion temperature, fuel consumption rate, and thermal efficiency, while emissions of CO₂ and NOx were measured using a calibrated gas analyzer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA at a 0.05 significance level, confidence interval estimation, and linear regression to examine the relationship between hydrogen fraction and emission reduction. Results: The findings indicate that increasing hydrogen fraction significantly improves thermal efficiency, reaching 87.5% at 100% hydrogen, while CO₂ emissions decrease linearly to zero. However, NOx emissions increase with higher hydrogen content due to elevated combustion temperatures. Statistical analysis confirms that hydrogen ratio has a significant effect on efficiency and emissions, with a strong linear correlation between hydrogen fraction and CO₂ reduction. A blending range of 40–60% hydrogen provides the most balanced performance in terms of efficiency improvement, emission reduction, and cost feasibility.

Aging is a dominant risk factor for most forms of cardiovascular disease. Sedentary lifestyle in elderly with obesity can decrease the function of cardiovascular system. Previous study determined that moderate intensity aerobic exercise was highly recommended in elderly because the type of exercise can improve body fitness and oxidative damage due to aging. The aims of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on NOx plasma level, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in sedentary elderly women with overweight. The research method is quasi experimental with pre test and post test design. The sample included 33 volunteer sedentary elderly women overweight with age 65,11±4,85 years old that divided on two group that is the experimental group (EG/ n=17) and control group (CG/ n=16). EG performed moderate intensity aerobic exercise (walking) during 30 min per session, intensity 50–80% heart rate maximum,  three times per week for 12 week. The examination of NOx plasma level by ELISA method and resting blood pressure by auscultation method. Data was processed by unpaired t-test. Experimental group had significantly lower level of SBP (-10,294 p 0,001) than CG. NOx plasma level showed significantly decreases in both group (p < 0,05), but the decreasing trend was found to be higher in the CG. DBP and body mass index (BMI) did not change (p >0,05). Moderate intensity aerobic exercise can delay the reduction of NO due to aging proceses.

Urbanization has significantly impacted air quality in cities, with vehicular emissions being a major contributor to pollution. This study explores the potential benefits of electrifying urban transportation, specifically through the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). The findings indicate that EVs substantially reduce key pollutants such as CO₂, NOx, and PM₂.₅, improving urban air quality and mitigating climate change. The analysis shows that EV adoption can lead to a 50% reduction in CO₂ emissions in high EV adoption scenarios (70% EVs). Additionally, EVs are more energy-efficient than conventional vehicles, consuming significantly less energy per kilometer. This transition not only reduces dependence on fossil fuels but also supports sustainable urban development. Furthermore, the study highlights the public health benefits of electrification, with reduced levels of harmful pollutants leading to lower incidences of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Public health surveys reveal strong support for EV adoption, with respondents believing it would significantly improve air quality and health outcomes. In conclusion, the electrification of urban transportation presents a multifaceted approach to environmental sustainability, energy efficiency, and public health improvement.

This study aims: to describe the composition and behavior of exhaust gases of motorized vehicles that can have an impact on human health. Based on the results of a theoretical study of various information that the main pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust gases are carbon monoxide (CO), hindrocarbon compounds, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur (SOx), and dust particulates including lead (PB). Chemical reactions in the atmosphere sometimes take place in a long and complex reaction chain, and produce an end product that can be more active or weaker than the original compound. Motor vehicle exhaust gases which have an impact on health are classified as follows; (1). Pollutants which mainly interfere with the respiratory tract. Included in this group are sulfur oxides, particulates, nitrogen oxides, ozone and other oxides, (2). Pollutants that cause systemic poisons, such as monoxide and lead / lead hydrocarbons, (3). Pollutants suspected of causing cancer such as hydrocarbons, (4). Conditions that interfere with comfort such as noise, street dust, etc. So the conclusion is that in anticipating the negative impacts caused by motor vehicle exhaust gases, the role of the government in setting several regulations and policies in the environmental field is needed, where every business or activity is prohibited from violating the quality standards and standard criteria of environmental damage set by government.

Heat transfer in diesel engines is known to affect engine efficiency and emissions. Increased heat transfer to the combustion chamber walls reduces the pressure in the cylinder and the average gas temperature, which reduces the work transferred to the piston per cycle. Therefore, the amount of heat transfer in an engine largely depends on the efficiency of the engine. Changes in gas temperature due to heat loss from the combustion chamber also affect the formation of pollutant emissions. Higher temperatures in the cylinder promote NOx emissions, while lower temperatures in the cylinder create Particulate matter in the exhaust. Engine heat transfer is important, so engine heat transfer results must be accurately estimated.

Meningkatnya aktivitas kapal di Pelabuhan Surabaya akan mengakibatkan tingginya risiko pencemaran terhadap lingkungan. Pencemaran dapat terjadi pada lingkungan laut, darat, dan udara. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak dari pencemaran yang diakibatkan oleh operasional kapal di Pelabuhan Surabaya dan strategi penanganannya sesuai dengan peraturan pemerintah, International Maritime Organization dan Marine Pollution. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur dan jenis penelitian ini adalah deskripsi kuantitatif. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif observasional. Dampak yang terjadi di lingkungan laut akibat kegiatan operasional pelabuhan disebabkan oleh air balas dan emisi NOx. Aktivitas kapal yang tinggi akan meningkatkan pembuangan air balas di laut. Total hasil pembuangan emisi NOx yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini selama 3 hari adalah 1026,25 Kg, 429,34 Kg, dan 452,22 Kg. Emisi gas buang yang dikeluarkan rata- rata berada di atas ambang batas. Batas kualitas udara yang tergolong untuk dikatakan berpotensi pencemaran adalah 12,51. Strategi yang dapat dilakukan dalam menangani permasalahan – permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menerapkan BWMTS ( Ballast Water Management Treatment System ) dan filter mekanis untuk menangani air balas. Dalam menangani NOx dapat menerapkan metode EGR, SCR, dan Water Injection and Emulsion.  

Kota Kupang merupakan ibukota Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) dengan luas wilayah sebesar 180,27 km². Letak Kota Kupang yang strategis, sebagai Ibukota Propinsi NTT menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi warga pendatang dari daerah-daerah lain. Jumlah penduduk di Kota Kupang pada tahun 2017 sebanyak 412.708 jiwa. Pertumbuhan penduduk Kota Kupang dalam waktu 8 tahun sejak tahun 2009 sekitar 121.708 jiwa atau sekitar 15.000 jiwa/tahun. Pertumbuhan penduduk di Kota Kupang memicu terjadinya peningkatan jumlah kendaraan yang berujung pada peningkatan pencemaran udara dari sektor transportasi. Sampai pada bulan Oktober tahun 2018 jumlah kendaraan di Kota Kupang tercatat sepeda motor sebanyak 25.362 unit dan mobil sebanyak 5.357 unit. Perkembangan kota dan pertumbuhan penduduk juga akan mengakibatkan konversi terhadap lahan-lahan hijau yang menyebabkan lahan untuk ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) semakin sempit. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengetahui luas RTH yang dapat mereduski total cemaran yang terjadi diwilayah BWK II Kota Kupang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ketersediaan RTH di Kota Kupang hanya sebesar 17,10% yang terdiri dari RTH Publik sebesar 13,11% dan RTH Privat sebesar 3,99%, total kebutuhan RTH di Kota Kupang agar dapat memenuhi syarat yang telah diatur dalam undang-undang yaitu sebesar 5408,1 Ha yang terdiri dari RTH Publik membutuhkan 6,88% atau 1241,49 Ha dan RTH Privat membutuhkan 6.00% atau 1082,7 Ha. Total emisi yang terjadi di sepanjang Jalur Hijau BWK II Kota Kupang sebesar 2727,5 Kg/Jam dan kemampuan daya serap RTH eksisting sebesar 1301,34 dan masih menyisakan sisa emisi sebesar 1426,16 Kg/jam, sehingga membutuhkan tambahan RTH sebesar 10,3Ha untuk dapat menyerap seluruh emisi yang dihasilkan dari sektor transportasi pada kawasan jalur hijau BWK II. Beberapa Strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan RTH di Kota Kupang adalah (1) Memadatkan RTH jalur hijau dengan cara memanfaatkan lahan kosong yang terdapat pada jalur hijau untuk menanam jenis-jenis vegetasi yang memiliki daya serap tinggi. (2) dengan menggantungkan spesies tanaman penyerap emisi pada pohon-pohon yang ada pada RTH jalur hijau dan menerapkan metode vertical garden,Roof garden dan tree adoption.