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Kava (Piper Methysticum) is a plant traditionally used in the South Pacific for its sedative and anxiolytic effects. Its active compounds, kavalactones, are known to have potential as natural anesthetics, with a mechanism of action similar to benzodiazepines and general anesthetics. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Kava as an anesthetic through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library using relevant keywords. Meta-analysis results indicate that Kava significantly enhances anesthetic effects compared to placebo, primarily through modulation of GABA-A receptors. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and long-term safety.

Breast Milk (ASI) is the primary source of nutrition for infants and provides long-term health benefits. However, some mothers experience insufficient breast milk production. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) are known as a natural galactagogue that can enhance breast milk production. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of moringa leaves in increasing breast milk production through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Literature searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases using relevant keywords. The meta-analysis results showed that moringa leaf supplementation significantly increased breast milk volume and prolactin levels compared to the control. However, further research is needed to evaluate its mechanism of action and long-term safety.

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract that is often accompanied by psychological disorders such as depression. This study aims to analyze the impact of depression on the effectiveness of Crohn's disease treatment through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A literature search was conducted across electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, for studies published in the last five years. Of the 1,247 articles identified, 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis results indicate that Crohn's disease patients with depression have a lower remission rate (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.54-0.78) and a higher relapse rate (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.32-1.89) compared to patients without depression. Additionally, subgroup analysis reveals that the negative effects of depression are more pronounced in patients receiving biological therapy. These findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach in the management of Crohn's disease, considering the psychological aspects of patients to optimize treatment outcomes.

This study aims to determine the effect and impact of the overall research on the Problem-based learning model in science learning. This type of research is a meta-analysis. The data sources in this study are 17 national and international journals published from 2017-2022. The process of searching for data sources through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ProQuest, and Eric Journal. Inclusion criteria are research on problem-based learning models with experimental or quasi-experimental methods and measurement of learning outcomes to evaluate Problem-Based Learning learning models. The results showed that the average effect size value of all studies (ES = 1.40) was very high. This finding explains that the Problem-Based Learning model provides a very high positive impact on science learning. In addition, the Problem-Based Learning learning model is effective to be applied to students' science learning at school. Effect measurement in this study is influenced by the level of education, year of publication, learning outcomes, and sample size. Overall, the Problem-Based Learning model is very useful in increasing students' potential in facing the 21st century.

Many studies have described meta-analysis on the overall effect of e-learning influence in learning. However, there has been no meta-analysis of the overall effect of STEM-based e-learning on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS).  The purpose of this study investigates the effect of STEM-based e-learning on students' critical thinking skills in Indonesia. This type of research is a Systematic Literature Review (SL) and meta-analysis. Data sources came from 10 national and international journals published in 2018-2023. The process of searching for data sources through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Eric, and Springer. Data analysis used the Hedge formula to calculate effect size with the help of the JSAP application. The findings show that the effect size value (ES = 0.793) is medium. This explains that STEM-based e-learning provides a very high positive impact and is effective in improving students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Furthermore, HOTS characteristics do not cause heterogeneity in the results of STEM-based e-learning research on students' Higher Order Thinking Skills. The findings suggest that educators should choose STEM-based e-learning as one of the learning models to improve students' Higher Order Thinking skills in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of STEM-integrated blended learning on Indonesian students' science literacy. This research is a type of meta-analysis research. The data sources in the study came from the analysis of 10 national and international journals published from 2017-2023. The data search process through searching on Google Scholar, Scopus, Wiley, Eric and Hindawi Journal. Data collection techniques in research through direct observation by tracing studies related to research variables. The keywords in this article search are blended learning, STEM and science literacy. Data analysis technique is descriptive quantitative analysis technique with JSAP application. The results concluded that STEM-integrated blended learning is effective in encouraging the level of science literacy of students in Indonesia with an effect size value of 0.71 and N-gain of 0.82. Blended learning greatly supports the learning process in Indonesia in improving students' literacy in learning.