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The lack of critical thinking skills among students is one of the major issues in modern education systems. This study aims to analyze the weaknesses of traditional education systems that fail to provide space for the development of students' critical thinking skills and explore the relevance of Ivan Illich's critical education approach. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach to understand Illich's Deschooling Society concept and connect it to educational phenomena in Indonesia, such as the Merdeka Curriculum, homeschooling, and project-based schools. The findings show that Illich's critical education approach can be applied to modern education systems to create more inclusive, flexible, and empowering learning environments. Illich's learning webs concept is relevant for enhancing student engagement in learning and building their critical thinking abilities. This study recommends educational reform that focuses on individual empowerment, creativity development, and improving analytical skills to face global challenges.

This study aims to find out how the Implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project in the Independent Curriculum Class XI at Wira Bhakti Gorontalo Integrated High School and find out what factors affect the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project in the Independent Curriculum Class XI. By using a qualitative research method, a Descriptive approach with a Narative Inquiry research design. Data collection techniques through interviews, observations and documentation. Data analysis is carried out by means of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that Wira Bhakti Gorontalo Integrated High School has carried out the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project with the theme: Build the Soul and Body, Bhineka Tunggal Ika, Sustainable Lifestyle, Voice of Democracy, and Entrepreneurship.  The implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project has been running effectively and has undergone development. Its implementation has instilled the character of Pancasila. The factors that affect its implementation are supporting factors consisting of student motivation, support of parents/guardians of students, school environment, the existence of facilities and infrastructure, and cooperation with external parties/agencies. The inhibiting factors consist of teacher training related to P5, and the limitation of time and project schedules.

Curriculum is very important in education. The Merdeka Curriculum brings a new way of teaching and learning between students and teachers. Christian religious education is also implemented in the Merdeka curriculum. As a subject that must instill Christian values. PAK teachers must prepare a lesson plan sheet and various new strategies in teaching that are based on students' freedom to develop their experiences and skills.  

The Independent Curriculum is an approach to global education created to provide more freedom for teachers and students in the learning process. In the context of Christian Religious Education (PAK), the Independent Curriculum is needed to increase student activity through the implementation of learning that is more flexible and in sync with the needs and potential of each student. This research aims to explore the role of the Merdeka Curriculum in increasing students' activeness in PAK learning. Through a more student-centered approach and encouraging active participation, the Independent Curriculum is needed to create a more enjoyable, creative and productive learning atmosphere. The results of this research show that the application of the Merdeka Curriculum in PAK can increase student activity, both in terms of emotional, intellectual and social involvement. Thus, the Independent Curriculum not only places freedom in learning, but is also the key to creating a progressive and effective learning atmosphere.

Christian Religious Education (PAK) has a very important role in building students' moral values, especially in the context of education in Indonesia which is implemented based on the Independent Curriculum. This research aims to examine how the Christian Religious Education Curriculum contributes to the formation of students' moral values. This literature review explores various literature that discusses the basic concepts and principles of PAK as well as the implementation of this curriculum in moral education. Based on literature analysis, it can be concluded that the Independent Curriculum provides space for deepening moral values through a more flexible and contextual approach. In this curriculum, teachers are expected not only to convey religious teaching material but also to instill Christian values which include love, justice, forgiveness and social responsibility to students. Project-based learning, reflection, and collaboration in the classroom are some of the main strategies proposed to build student character according to the teachings of the Bible. Thus, PAK through the Merdeka Curriculum plays a significant role in forming students' moral character of quality and noble character.    

Education is important for the lives of people in a country. In order to create an educational system that is organized and has a vision, a policy in the form of a curriculum is needed. In a country that adheres to a democratic system, it is necessary to involve or participate the community in the policy formulation and implementation process. This policy paper investigates the Merdeka Curriculum policy model created and implemented by the Ministry of Education and Culture. Public policy models include top-down, bottom-up and a combination of the two. The research method used in this article is qualitative with data sources obtained from books, scientific articles, and other credible information found on the internet. In the policy formulation process, studies were conducted and the government involved parents. In addition, in the implementation process, the Merdeka Curriculum is carried out in stages with a trial period carried out by several schools called Mover Schools. In addition, the policy also has an evaluation instrument in the form of a Minimum Competency Assessment. Based on the findings related to this policy, it can be concluded that the policy model in the Merdeka Curriculum is bottom-up.  

Indonesia has an important pottery cultural heritage to preserve. This study aims to integrate culture-based education into the Merdeka Curriculum through P5, focusing on pottery making. The objectives of this study are to improve students' creativity, mutual cooperation, and social skills, as well as to strengthen the relationship between schools and communities in preserving local cultural traditions. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to describe the implementation of P5 activities through pottery making in improving creativity and mutual cooperation at SMP Negeri 6 Kota Serang. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation from 1119 students and teachers. The results of the study will provide an in-depth picture of the impact of these activities on students at the school. Pottery making activities at SMP Negeri 6 Kota Serang develop students' creativity, motor skills, and mutual cooperation. By drawing designs, shaping, and painting pottery, they learn to think creatively, solve problems, and work together in groups. This activity supports the formation of Pancasila characters, such as togetherness, responsibility, and personal initiative, in accordance with the objectives of the Merdeka curriculum. P5 activities at SMP Negeri 6 Kota Serang have succeeded in achieving the goals of the independent curriculum, creating a Pancasila Student Profile that is creative, cooperative, and has good character. Students develop creativity and collaboration skills through challenging projects. This study emphasizes the importance of an art project-based approach to building the character of Pancasila students in the era of character education.

This research aims to explore the implementation of Market-Day as a learning medium to improve basic economic understanding for sixth grade elementary school students. Through this activity, students gain practical experience regarding economic concepts such as demand, supply, transactions and financial management. This approach also encourages the development of social skills, creativity and an entrepreneurial spirit, which are relevant to the needs of the era of globalization. Market-Day provides real simulations that integrate economic theory into daily practice, thereby helping students better understand and apply economic values in their lives. This research uses a literature study approach by referring to relevant scientific sources, such as books, journals and research reports. The study results show that Market-Day is not only effective in increasing understanding of economic theory, but also strengthens students' managerial skills and financial awareness. With this experience-based learning, students are taught to be more responsible and innovative, so they are better prepared to face economic challenges in the future. This article concludes that Market-Day is a strategic approach that can be applied in elementary schools to combine economic learning with the development of students' life skills, especially in supporting the Merdeka Curriculum which is oriented towards holistic learning.

Curriculum is an essential component of the education system, as the two are closely interconnected. Analogously, the curriculum can be likened to the heart in the human body. When the heart functions well, the entire body system will operate optimally. Similarly, if the curriculum is effectively implemented and supported by well-functioning elements, the learning process will run smoothly, producing high-quality learners. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how educational technology contributes to the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. This qualitative research uses a literature study, also known as a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), aimed at comparing current theories with those discussed in previous research literature. The literature sources referenced come from research findings and studies published in scientific articles, accessed through electronic literature search engines such as Mendeley and Google Scholar. The results of this study show that educational technology plays a crucial role in supporting the Merdeka Curriculum, as well as having a positive impact on the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar concept in practice. The continuously evolving Merdeka Curriculum helps facilitate the integration of the latest information technology for students.

Curriculum is an essential component of the education system, as the two are closely interconnected. Analogously, the curriculum can be likened to the heart in the human body. When the heart functions well, the entire body system will operate optimally. Similarly, if the curriculum is effectively implemented and supported by well-functioning elements, the learning process will run smoothly, producing high-quality learners. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how educational technology contributes to the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. This qualitative research uses a literature study, also known as a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), aimed at comparing current theories with those discussed in previous research literature. The literature sources referenced come from research findings and studies published in scientific articles, accessed through electronic literature search engines such as Mendeley and Google Scholar. The results of this study show that educational technology plays a crucial role in supporting the Merdeka Curriculum, as well as having a positive impact on the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar concept in practice. The continuously evolving Merdeka Curriculum helps facilitate the integration of the latest information technology for students.

Education in Indonesia plays an important role in the development of individuals and the country, shaping social and cultural values and preparing for the future. Quality education creates human resources who are innovative and have high social awareness, as regulated in Republic of Indonesia Law no. 20 of 2003. The main challenge is to maintain achievements and adapt to the Society 5.0 era. Curricula, such as the 2013 Curriculum and the Merdeka Curriculum, are designed to develop students' knowledge, skills and character. English as a compulsory subject increases career and educational opportunities in the context of globalization. English teaching in Indonesia emphasizes listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, as well as the importance of grammar and vocabulary. Nouns are an important element in sentence formation, and understanding nouns helps students in all aspects of language skills. An effective method for studying nouns is through descriptive text analysis. The Community Service Activity (PKM) entitled "Learning Nouns Through Descriptive Text Analysis for Grade 7 Students at MTs Lijamul Athfal Sukabumi" aims to develop community potential, increase creativity, writing skills and relationship networks. It is hoped that this PKM can improve students' understanding of nouns and become a guide for language learning in Indonesian literature, as well as arouse interest in learning English. The method used includes preparation and implementation of noun learning through descriptive text analysis at MTs Lijamul Athfal Sukabumi with results showing high enthusiasm from students. It is hoped that this fun context-based learning can be an alternative that advances education and produces students with international insight.

Education through the Merdeka curriculum, particularly the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project Module (P5), focuses on the development of students' character and skills. The implementation of the aquaponics system in madrasahs is expected to enhance students' scientific understanding, critical thinking skills, and environmental awareness. This community service method includes the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the aquaponics system at the school to support P5PPRA. The research findings indicate that the application of the aquaponics system at the school successfully improved students' understanding of ecosystems, as well as technical skills and teamwork in system maintenance. In conclusion, the aquaponics system is effective as a learning medium that supports the implementation of the P5PPRA module.

The change of the curriculum to the Independent Curriculum made the National Exam (UN) officially change to the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM). The evaluation carried out in the National Assessment consisted of reasoning ability using language (literacy), reasoning ability using mathematics (numeracy), and strengthening character education. Despite the lack of significant improvement in Indonesia's literacy, numeracy, and science skills rankings over the past 18 years, the country consistently ranks in the bottom 10 in PISA test results. Facing the current Independent curriculum, teachers must be able to teach based on literacy and numeracy skills, because this is the indicator in AKM and PISA-based assessments. If teachers master literacy and numeracy skills, then teachers can convey materials related to literacy and numeracy clearly and correctly for students. Teachers are expected to innovate to develop student competencies through various lessons through student-centred teaching. This Community Service is a community partnership program in collaboration with SMKN 3 Lhokseumawe. Service activities are by providing material on literacy and numeracy-based learning. During the service program, teachers are given knowledge about literacy and numeracy, the form of questions, and the number of percentages of questions in the AKM, which are useful for strengthening teachers' literacy and numeracy.

The change of the curriculum to the Independent Curriculum made the National Exam (UN) officially change to the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM). The evaluation carried out in the National Assessment consisted of reasoning ability using language (literacy), reasoning ability using mathematics (numeracy), and strengthening character education. Despite the lack of significant improvement in Indonesia's literacy, numeracy, and science skills rankings over the past 18 years, the country consistently ranks in the bottom 10 in PISA test results. Facing the current Independent curriculum, teachers must be able to teach based on literacy and numeracy skills, because this is the indicator in AKM and PISA-based assessments. If teachers master literacy and numeracy skills, then teachers can convey materials related to literacy and numeracy clearly and correctly for students. Teachers are expected to innovate to develop student competencies through various lessons through student-centred teaching. This Community Service is a community partnership program in collaboration with SMKN 3 Lhokseumawe. Service activities are by providing material on literacy and numeracy-based learning. During the service program, teachers are given knowledge about literacy and numeracy, the form of questions, and the number of percentages of questions in the AKM, which are useful for strengthening teachers' literacy and numeracy.

The application of the philosophy of progressive education within the Merdeka Curriculum aims to create a more student-centered education system that encourages active and contextual learning. Progressivism emphasizes the importance of hands-on experiences and the development of critical thinking skills through real projects and discussions. In the context of the Merdeka Curriculum, this approach allows students to explore their interests and talents more independently, with teachers acting as facilitators guiding the learning process. Through project-based learning, collaboration, and authentic assessment, the Merdeka Curriculum provides students with the opportunity to explore their interests and talents. This research identifies various strategies that educators can adopt to integrate the principles of progressivism, such as using active learning methods and allowing freedom in choosing learning materials. The implementation of the progressive philosophy presents several challenges, including teachers' readiness to adopt new roles, the need to adjust the curriculum to local contexts, and the availability of adequate resources. However, this application also offers significant opportunities to enhance the quality of education by producing graduates who are more adaptive, creative, and capable of solving complex problems. This study highlights how the application of progressive philosophy in the Merdeka Curriculum can increase student motivation, develop 21st-century skills, and prepare them for future challenges. Therefore, it is essential to continuously evaluate and develop this approach to align with the evolving times and national educational needs.

Education standards in Indonesia still face various challenges, especially in Tahai Jaya Village where there are still educational problems such as limited Merdeka curriculum books, unstable lesson schedules, and the low reading ability of grade 3 elementary school students, reflecting broader educational challenges. To overcome this, KKN students took the initiative to carry out free tutoring in Tahai Jaya village. The aim of this free tutoring program is to help improve the quality of education in Tahai Jaya village. The method used is the PAR (Participatory Action Research) method. The results of free tutoring activities in Tahai Jaya Village have succeeded in improving the quality of education in the area. This activity involves active community participation and is carried out for a month using interactive methods. As a result, students show increased motivation and learning abilities, especially in completing school assignments. Parents also felt the positive impact of this activity, because their children were more enthusiastic and eager to learn.

The curriculum changes that occur are a challenge for teachers in implementing them. For this reason, the Ministry of Education and Culture launched the Merdeka Teaching Platform with the aim of helping teachers understand and implement the Merdeka Curriculum. This research aims to determine the use of the Merdeka Mengajar Platform on the pedagogical competence of teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Sukaresmi Cipanas. This research is a type of evaluative research with a quantitative descriptive approach. The sample in this study consisted of 40 people. Data analysis in this research was carried out descriptively. The results of research regarding the use of the Merdeka Mengajar platform on the pedagogical competence of teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Sukaresmi Cipanas, with the percentage of results for the Video Inspiration feature, 78% for the Independent Training feature, 82% for the Evidence of Work feature, 76% for the Student Assessment feature, and 70% for Teaching Tools features, it can be concluded that this platform has played a significant role in supporting the development of teacher pedagogical competence. Overall, this research shows that the Merdeka Mengajar platform has been well utilized by teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Sukaresmi Cipanas. However, there are still several aspects that need to be improved to ensure that all features can be used optimally by all teachers, so that they can maximize their pedagogical competence.

The purpose of this study was to develop and produce effective image media on the material of loving others like loving oneself in Christian Religious Education and Character Education learning for grade IV elementary school Merdeka Curriculum. This study uses a development method with the ADDIE approach model. The research location in North Tapanuli Regency consists of Elementary School 173290 Butar, Pagaran District, Elementary School 173291 Butar, Pagaran District, Elementary School 173292 Butar, Pagaran District, Elementary School 178492 Pagarbatu, Elementary School 174573 Hutaraja. The study was conducted in May - August 2024. Data collection used a validation questionnaire and a response questionnaire. The validation questionnaire was used for language expert lecturers, media experts, and material experts. The response questionnaire was used for PAK teachers for grade IV elementary school and grade IV elementary school students totaling 11 elementary school students for small groups and 76 students for large groups. The data analysis used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study are in the form of image media products of loving others like loving oneself in the subject of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for grade IV of elementary school, Merdeka curriculum. The results of the study indicate that the products made are valid and suitable to be used as learning media. The assessment is based on validation experts, teachers, and students, namely language experts obtained an assessment percentage of 100% (very valid), material experts 100% (very valid), media experts 100% (very valid), religious teachers 96% (very valid) and finally students in small groups obtained results of 96.9% (very good) and large groups 96.36% (very good).

This study highlights the importance of differentiated learning in the educational context, particularly for equivalency program students. Education serves as a process for delivering culture that supports the development of attitudes and knowledge. Within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum, teachers are expected to innovate in delivering material and instilling character values. The goal of differentiated learning is to meet the diverse needs of students, considering the unique characteristics of each individual that influence their learning styles. There are four main components of differentiated learning: differentiation of content, process, product, and learning environment. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method to explore the implementation of differentiated learning in writing expository texts. The findings indicate that despite challenges such as a lack of training for teachers, the application of appropriate strategies can enhance students' writing skills. This study recommends further support for teachers to effectively implement differentiated learning, creating meaningful and inclusive learning experiences for students.

Merdeka Curriculum is a new curriculum with a foundation as a complement to the 2013 Curriculum, but in implementing the Independent Curriculum it is necessary to implement it first for teachers before teaching it to students. So that it is able to build quality student character both in the academic field and in other fields. Research is to find out PAI learning in the Merdeka Curriculum in Islamic Religious Education subjects at SMA Negeri 1 Tilatang Kamang. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning consists of 3 activities, there are preliminary activities, then core activities and closed with closing activities, plus the P5 project. Then there are problems that occur in the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning, namely educators do not take part in training, differentiated learning is less than optimal and the mindset. So the efforts made to overcome these problems are by taking part in internal/external workshops, increasing creativity as a teacher and sharing with fellow educators or with people who know more (often ask questions).