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Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that (1) Student learning outcomes in citizenship education subjects on understanding freedom of organization in class IV of SD Negeri 0117 Sibuhuan, Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency before implementing the mastery learning model obtained a total of 1975 students' average score. was 63.71 and there were 23 students who scored below the KKM 75 with a percentage of 74.19% and 8 students scored above the KKM with a percentage of 25.81%. So it can be seen that learning in the pre-cycle has not been able to improve Civics learning outcomes. So the researcher tried to change the implementation of the teaching and learning process by using a learning model, namely mastery learning. (2) Improved student learning outcomes in citizenship education subjects on understanding freedom of organization in class IV of SD Negeri 0117 Sibuhuan, Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency, after implementing the mastery learning model in cycle I, obtaining a total of 2300 marks, the average value of students was 74.19 . Of the 31 students who got a score below the KKM of 75, there were 12 students with a percentage of 38.71% and 19 students got a score above the KKM with a percentage of 61.21%, while in the second cycle they got a total of 2575 scores. The average score for students was 83. .06, of the 31 students who got a score below the KKM 75 there were 3 students with a percentage of 10.00% and there were 3 students with a percentage of 9.68% and 28 students got a score above the KKM with a percentage of 90.32%.      

Based on the findings of class VIII junior high school students, the results showed that class VIII students were still minimally introduced to scientific work, in accordance with the Science Education Content Standards, scientific work is an important characteristic of science learning subjects and of the 26 students the level of mastery of the material only reached 26.93. %. Identifying the problems raised, the author tries to improve learning by conducting research applying the Direct Instruction (DI) Model. Based on the learning results during the learning activities, the author formulates the problems that arise and discusses them with supervisor 2 to find the causes and problems identified above. The problem in improving this learning is formulated as follows: Can the Application of the Direct Instruction (DI) Model Improve Learning Outcomes in Science Learning Material on Plant Structure and Function in Class VIII Odd Semester of SMP Negeri 1 Simpang Teritip for the 2022/2023 Academic Year? From the improvement activities of Cycle I, the following results were obtained: 3 students who got a score less than 40 - 55 (11.54%), 10 students who got a score greater than 56 - 66 (38.46%) and There were 13 students who got a score greater than 67 – 79 (50.00%). In cycle II, there were 9 students who got a score less than 56 - 66 (34.62%), 16 students who got a score greater than 67 - 80 (61.54%), students who got a score greater than 81 – 100 as many as 1 person (3.84%). In Cycle III, it showed that of the 26 students studied, 3 people (11.54%) got a score of less than 75, while 23 students got a score of more than 75 (88.46%). The average student score increased by 86.15 - 73.46 = 12.69. Increased 12.69% compared to cycle II. The conclusion from writing this PTK is that the correct application of the Direct Instruction (DI) Model can improve learning outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to improve civics learning outcomes and student activity through the PAMER learning model for fifth grade students at SDN No. 145 Bayowa Presidential Instruction, Takalar Regency. The research conducted was classroom action research (PTK). This research was conducted in two cycles which included four meetings. The subjects of this study were 21 students of class V SDN No 145 Bayowa Presidential Instruction, Takalar Regency, consisting of 11 boys and 10 girls. Data collection techniques are observation, test (evaluation), and documentation. The data obtained were then analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis.The results achieved quantitatively are (1) The application of the PAMER learning model in student activity, response and learning outcomes of class V SDN No 145 Inpres Bayowa Takalar Regency, namely an increase in student activity and courage in each cycle, where student activity in cycle I with an average score - average 49.3 in the less active category increased in cycle II to 88.1 in the very active category. Student responses in cycle I with an average of 66.1 categories responded to an increase in cycle II with an average of 80.9 categories of very responsive. (2) Improving PPKn learning outcomes and student learning activities in accordance with the results of observations during the class action process. The average score obtained by students after taking the final test from cycle I to cycle II after the learning model was applied increased from 59.3 in cycle I to 87.9 in cycle II. The completeness of learning PPKn for fifth grade students at SDN No. 145 Bayowa Presidential Instruction, Takalar Regency, has also increased. In cycle I, from 9 (42.8%) students to cycle II as many as 18 (85.7%) students achieved mastery learning and classical learning mastery reached 80%.

Based on the results of observations made on February 26, 2023 at SD Negeri 1 Budong-budong, the researchers obtained information through explanations from the teacher and homeroom teacher for class III at UPTD SDN No. 1 Budong-Budong, Kab. Central Mamuju where teachers have not used varied learning media which has resulted in less interest in learning mathematics so that it has an impact on students' quality and mastery of the material as well as having an impact on student learning outcomes themselves and showing less than optimal student learning outcomes in mathematics. The research objective in this study namely to find out the effect of the application of colored number card media on learning outcomes of mathematics on integer operations material for class III UPTD SDN No. 1 Budong-Budong, Kec. Budong-budong, Kab. Middle Mamuju. This research uses experimental research. Experimental research method. The sampling technique used is Saturated Sampling, which is a sampling technique when all members of the population are used as samples and the total population is relatively small, less than 30 people. The sample is class III with a total of 19 students. This study used descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analysis. Learning outcomes can be seen from the results of the posttest, which has an average score of 71.58, much different from the pretest result of 35.97. The results of this research hypothesis obtained that the sample selected in this study was class III with a total of 19 students. The results of the research hypothesis obtained tcount > ttable, namely 6.350 > 2.10092 and a sig value of 0.000 <0.05, so it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. integers for class III UPTD SDN No. 1 Budong-Budong, Kab. Central Mamuju.

The researchers found problems in grade 5 at SD Jam'iiyatul Hujjaj Bukittinggi, namely students' difficulties in understanding Arabic vocabulary. To increase students' understanding of Arabic vocabulary, the researcher applied the question-and-answer method through picture media. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using the question and answer method through picture media to increase Arabic vocabulary and to find out the increase in Arabic vocabulary mastery after using the question and answer method through picture media at SD Jam'iiyatul Hujjaj Bukittinggi.This study used quantitative research with a group pretest-posttest design. Researchers took samples in this research experimental class of 28 students and control class of 28 students.The tools used for collecting data were observation, examination, and documentation. and student learning outcomes using the question-and-answer method through media images of 5th grade elementary school students. Based on the acquisition of an average value of 83, This is also proven through the calculation of "T." Calculate more than the "T" Table, namely 2,463.Then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. So it can be concluded about the effectiveness of the use of the question and answer method through picture media for students in grade 5 at SD Jam'iiyatul Hujjaj Bukittinggi.

He background of this research is the low learning outcomes of students in class III at SDN Ngijo 01 Gunungpati District, Semarang City, because the learning process is still centered on the teacher who still follows the habit in the order that begins with the teacher directly explaining the material, then evaluates students through practice. The expected goal in this study is to improve student learning outcomes in learning with the Problem Based Learning model. This type of research is Classroom Action Research which is focused on action as an effort to improve student learning outcomes by using the Problem Based Learning learning model for class III students at SDN Ngijo 01 Gunungpati District, Semarang City. This research consists of 5 cycles. Each of these cycles includes the stages of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The research subjects were class III SDN Ngijo 01 Semarang, totaling 21 students consisting of 10 male students and 11 female students. Data collection methods in this study are tests and observations. The research instruments used in this study were test questions and observation sheets. Data on learning outcomes tests were analyzed in a quantitative descriptive manner and the data in the form of observations were analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The success criteria achieved by students and teachers in this study were seen from changes towards improvement and increasing student learning outcomes. The results of classroom action research carried out by the author in five cycles resulted in an increase in students' learning completeness. This can be seen from the percentage of students who pre-action achieved 38% classical mastery level, namely 8 out of 21 students. From the first cycle of students who completed only 12 or 57% of students' completeness, the second cycle had 62% classical completeness, the third cycle had 71% classical completeness, the fourth cycle had 86% classical completeness, the V cycle had 90% classical completeness. Due to the increase in student learning outcomes from having met the target of 85% so that the cycle ends in cycle V. Students show activeness in the learning process and students also understand more because they have direct learning experiences using the Problem Based Learning learning model. This proves that the Problem Based Learning learning model is able to improve student learning outcomes.

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of class I students at SDN Ngijo 01 Semarang in the material form of shapes using smart board media. This type of research is Classroom Action Research. This research consists of 5 cycles. Each of these cycles includes the stages of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The research subjects were class I SDN Ngijo 01 Semarang, totaling 28 students consisting of 10 male students and 18 female students. Data collection methods in this study are tests and observations. The research instruments used in this study were test questions and observation sheets. The data analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative descriptive technique with percentages. The success criteria achieved by students and teachers in this study were seen from changes towards improvement and increasing student learning outcomes. The results of the study show that the use of smart board media is able to improve student learning outcomes in the shape material. This can be seen from the percentage of students' pre-action scores that achieved 39.3% classical mastery level, namely 11 out of 28 participants. In cycle I 64% completeness classical, cycle II 68% completeness classical, cycle III 71% completeness classical, cycle IV 75% completeness classical, cycle V 89% completeness classical. Due to the increase in student learning outcomes from having met the target of 85% so that the cycle ends in cycle V. Students show activeness in the learning process and students also understand more because they have direct learning experiences using smart board media.

One effort to improve poetry writing skills in grade 4 students is to choose the rightmethod. In learning Indonesian, there is a lack of students' skills in writing poetry, low learning outcomes in poetry writing skills using inappropriate methods. The method used in this study is the image media method, which is a method for conveying material with a fun activity. This study aims to improve the poetry writing skills of grade 4 students at SDN 2 Cimanggu. This type of research is classroom action research consisting of two cycles which include planning, implementing, observing, reflecting. The research subjects were 20 grade 4 students at SDN 2 Cimanggu. Sources of data come from teachers and students. Data collection techniques using observation, written tests and documentation. The data collection instruments used were lesson plans, teacher observation sheets, student observation sheets and poetry writing assessment rubik. There is an increase in student learning outcomes after using media images. The results of the pre-action research showed that the average value of writing poetry was 58.25 with 20% student completeness, then cycle I learning activities with an average of 69 with 60% student completeness. Furthermore, in cycle II, students' learning abilities increased by an average of 76.25 with 85% student mastery. Thus image media can improve writing poetry for grade 4 students at SDN 2 Cimanggu.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using fractional board learning media on student learning outcomes in learning mathematics fraction material in class III SDN 62 Palisi. Effectiveness is viewed from 4 aspects, namely: completeness of student learning outcomes, student activity, teacher's ability to manage learning, and student responses. The type of research used is pre-experimental research. The research design used was The One Group pretest posttest Design. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out using tests, observations, and questionnaires. The results showed that (1) all students had achieved individual learning mastery and this meant that classical learning mastery had been achieved, (2) the average percentage of student activity frequency reached the active criterion of 91.66%, (3) the average percentage the frequency of the teacher's ability to manage learning reached the high criterion of 3.4, (4) the positive response questionnaire from students reached 96.4%. From the results of this study it can be concluded that fractional board media is effectively used in learning mathematics fraction material in class IIIA students at SDN 62 Palisi.

The impact of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the activities, psychological conditions, and behavioral changes in adult learners, with technology-based learning becoming increasingly widespread in higher education institutions. Both professors and students have adapted to engage in distance learning interactions, including those at the Faculty of Tarbiyah, Islamic Institute of West Sumatra, who have become familiar with utilizing virtual classes through collaborative learning methods. This research aims to analyze the influence of implementing virtual classes with collaborative learning methods, student engagement, and the challenges faced by students in online learning on learning outcomes. The research method employed is a mixed-method convergent parallel design, involving the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data analysis uses descriptive analysis, while quantitative data is analyzed using a cross-sectional study design. The research findings indicate that student learning through virtual classes at the Faculty of Tarbiyah, supported by platforms like Google Classroom, WhatsApp, and Zoom Meetings, has been effective and has positively impacted students' learning achievements. The challenges encountered by students and professors during online learning include technology mastery, cost, smooth communication, interactive success, internet signal, and time management. For the faculty members of Tarbiyah, it is recommended to conduct online learning based on virtual classes, involving various integrated platforms such as Google Classroom, WhatsApp, and Zoom Meetings. Additionally, preparing a comprehensive online learning guide with solutions to handle technical issues would be beneficial. This research contributes to the education field by providing insights into effective online learning practices and highlighting the challenges that need to be addressed to improve the overall learning experience.

This study aims to determine how learning motivation in adolescents whom single mothers raise. This research method used qualitative methods with a case study approach. The research respondents were three adolescent single mothers in Purworejo Regency who were selected using a purposive sampling technique with the provision of single mothers. The results of the descriptive analysis show that adolescents who were cared for by single mothers experience problems related to learning motivation. The specific problems experienced by the three respondents were motivation and interest in learning. The lack of a mother's role in providing learning motivation affects students' low motivation to study toward their learning achievement. Based on the research results, the three respondents have different characteristics. Respondents have a high curiosity for new things. The lack of curiosity in respondents with low curiosity is due to inhibiting factors that make respondents lack interest in learning. The high level of creativity in correcting failures and mastery of learning materials owned by the three respondents had an optimistic impact on the learning process and outcomes. The lack of sympathy from the closest people, especially the mother, made the respondents indifferent to the learning outcomes they achieved, so laziness and decreased interest in learning arose in the respondents. Lack of control over study hours makes respondents often ignore study time and choose to play on their gadgets, decreasing student learning scores/achievement.

    The Purpose of this was to identify procedures and way to apply the problem based learning (PBL) model that could improve student achievement in class IV SDIT Mutiara Hati Ngargoyoso. Thys type research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The research subjects were students in grade IV SDIT Mutiara Hati Ngargoyoso in the 2021/2022 academic year a total of 27 students. This research was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle cinsisted of four stages such a planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The research subjects were selected based on the result of the first semester test score. The result showed that class IV had a low-class average and mastery grade. Data collection technique used was descriptive which compared the test score in the first cycle with the test score in the second cycle. The success criterion for learning outcomes was the minimum score of 75 (KKM = 75) and minimum score of class was 85%. The result showed that there was an improvement in Civics learning outcomes in the initial conditions (initil ability test), cycle 1 and cycle II. On theinital ability test, the average value was only 77,44. In cycle 1, the average value has increased. The result was that the average score was 79,22 and students who got scores ≥ 75 are 24 students. Furthermore, in cycle II also experienced an increase. The result is that the average value became 85,11 and minimum score of class became 100%. Student who score ≥  75 were 27 students. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the implementation of the problem-based learninng (PBL)model can improve student achievement  in class IV SDIT Mutiara Hati Ngargoyoso. Keyword : Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model, Learning Achievement, Rights and Obligations

This type of research is quantitative with a pre-experimental research design in the form of One Group pretest-posttest. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the guided inquiry learning model by teaching material properties of objects in class V SD Inpres Pare'-pare', in terms of the achievement of mastery of learning outcomes; student activity in participating in learning; and students' responses to the use of inquiry learning models. This study uses two observed variables, namely the independent variable (X) in this study is the learning model, namely the guided inquiry learning model and the dependent variable (Y) in this study is the result of learning science in grade V SD Inpres Pare'-Pare'. The population of this study were fifth grade students of SD Inpres Pare'-Pare'. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling technique, by making the population a sample of 20 students. The research instruments used were learning achievement tests, activity sheets, and response sheets, while the data collection techniques in this study used learning achievement tests, documentation and observation. The data analysis used was descriptive statistical data analysis, activity data analysis and student response data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the average posttest result is 94. As for the percentage of student activity after the use of the guided inquiry learning model is 82% and for the positive response of students to the use of the guided inquiry learning model is 96%. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the results of research on the use of effective guided inquiry learning models are used in learning science material on the properties of objects in class V SD Inpres Pare'-Pare', Bajeng District, Gowa Regency.