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Group-based learning in the classroom plays a vital role in enhancing social interaction, individual responsibility, as well as students' critical thinking and collaborative skills. However, its implementation often faces challenges such as the dominance of certain members, social loafing, low participation, and interpersonal conflicts that hinder group effectiveness. This study aims to comprehensively examine the dynamics of learning groups by integrating four key aspects: the concept of group dynamics based on the Tuckman model, the characteristics of effective groups in cooperative learning, group formation techniques, and conflict management strategies. The research utilizes a qualitative approach with a literature study method, analyzing 25 sources including nationally accredited journals, academic books, and theses published between 2020 and 2024. Data analysis was conducted through reduction, thematic classification, content analysis, and conceptual synthesis. The results indicate that effective group dynamics can be achieved through the Tuckman stages, the application of the five elements of cooperative learning, the selection of appropriate group formation techniques with risk mitigation, and the implementation of the Thomas-Kilmann conflict management styles.The scientific contribution of this research is the development of an integrative model based on these four aspects, which serves as a conceptual framework to strengthen collaborative learning practices in the classroom. Practical implications include the formation of ideal groups consisting of 4–5 students, the establishment of initial group contracts, the use of dual assessment rubrics (individual and group), and peer evaluation mechanisms to enhance accountability and reflection.

Literature is not only a source of entertainment, but also a tool for contemplating human life that is full of internal conflicts and psychological issues. Short stories as a type of literature often present the realities of life in a concise yet meaningful way, making them interesting to analyze with a variety of scientific methods. This research focuses on the short story "Happiness That Kills" by applying two main approaches, namely the analysis of intrinsic elements and literary psychology. This story depicts a happy state that appears from the outside, but actually hides the emotional burden experienced by the main character, Malla. The method applied in this study is qualitative descriptive with literature study techniques, which is oriented towards the introduction of themes, plots, characters, settings, and mandates, as well as exploring the psychological dynamics of characters using Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The results of the study show that the internal conflicts in this story arise from the battle between the id, ego, and superego, especially when Malla struggles to maintain harmony in her family at the expense of herself. Overall, this short story shows that forced happiness can lead to suffering. By combining structural and psychological analysis, this study reveals the deep meaning related to social pressures, inner struggles, and humanitarian messages that the author seeks to convey. It is hoped that the results of this research can contribute to the study of literature, especially in understanding the relationship between story structure and the psychological condition of characters in contemporary literary works.

This study aims to analyze the influence of work facilities, competence, and work conflict on employee productivity at UD Karya Pala Kediri, both partially and simultaneously. The research employed a quantitative approach with a causal associative design. The population consisted of 36 employees, all of whom were included as respondents using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using validity, reliability, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that work facilities, competence, and work conflict have a positive and significant effect on work productivity, both partially and simultaneously, with a coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.862. This means that 86.2% of the variation in work productivity is explained by these three variables, while the remaining 13.8% is influenced by other factors outside the research model. The findings highlight that improving employee productivity can be achieved through adequate work facilities, continuous competence development, and constructive conflict management within the workplace.

This study investigates the genealogy of multisectoral social conflict and cultural disintegration in Bima Regency by examining the interplay of political, economic, socio-cultural, and geospatial determinants. Using a qualitative exploratory-critical method, the research employs content analysis, critical discourse analysis, and spatial conflict mapping based on secondary data from government reports, academic literature, and civil society documentation. The results reveal that social conflict in Bima is not simply driven by unequal access to political and economic resources, but also by structural exclusion, historical marginalization, and the erosion of traditional social values caused by uneven modernization and weak institutional performance. Politically, civil servant bias, the persistence of patronage networks, and minimal civic engagement weaken state legitimacy, public trust, and accountability. Economically, the unequal distribution of natural resources, selective access to government assistance, limited economic diversification, and unresolved agrarian disputes intensify socio-economic inequalities and rural discontent. From a geospatial perspective, the contestation over land, identity, ecological zones, and environmental resources reflects the failure of inclusive and participatory spatial development planning. The study emphasizes that the conflict is systemic, complex, and institutionalized, calling for integrated cross-sectoral policies, inclusive political reforms, and spatially participatory strategies. It advocates for institutional reform, the revitalization of local wisdom and social capital, and the reconstruction of a shared cultural identity to restore long-term social cohesion and resilience. In the context of post-decentralization Indonesia, addressing such deep-rooted, chronic conflicts requires not only strategic policy reorientation but also the empowerment of local communities to play meaningful and active roles in planning, governance, and sustainable development processes. Sustainable peace in Bima hinges on a genuine commitment to social justice, inclusive governance, ecological balance, and the preservation of cultural diversity.

Family conflicts triggered by inheritance distribution issues are a common phenomenon in society, primarily due to a lack of understanding of applicable inheritance laws, both according to Islamic law and positive law in Indonesia. This community service activity aims to provide inheritance law education to members of a religious study group in Medan Johor District as a preventative measure against potential family conflicts. Implementation methods included lectures, interactive discussions, and relevant case studies, with legal experts as resource persons. The results of the activity showed an increased understanding of the participants regarding the basic principles of inheritance law and the importance of open communication within families regarding the distribution of inheritance. This education is expected to be the first step in building legal awareness and realizing family harmony in the Medan Johor community.

Conflict management is an unavoidable challenge in complex and multicultural industrial environments, particularly when involving cross-functional teams with diverse backgrounds and expertise. This study aims to explore the sources of conflict, resolution strategies, and their impact on team performance in industrial organizations. Special emphasis is placed on the managerial competencies of a Project Manager in navigating the dynamics of a technical team. A reflective qualitative approach was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with an experienced Project Engineering Manager in the industrial sector. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns of conflict, management strategies, and their influence on project outcomes. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of conflict management is largely determined by the leader’s ability to foster open communication and empathy within the team. A humanistic and constructive leadership style was found to minimize the negative impacts of conflict, while a confrontational approach tended to diminish motivation and performance. The practical implications of this study underscore the importance of enhancing leadership capacity and managerial communication to develop adaptive and collaborative project teams.

Kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang pentingnya sertifikasi tanah di Kelurahan Karangmojo, Kecamatan Klego, Kabupaten Boyolali, berpotensi meningkatkan sengketa agraria. Meski PTSL digulirkan, hambatan administratif dan minimnya edukasi hukum menghambat implementasi. Program pengabdian masyarakat bertujuan meningkatkan kesadaran hukum warga, mendukung Reforma Agraria, dan mendorong pengelolaan tanah berkeadilan. Kegiatan meliputi survei lokasi, sosialisasi hukum pertanahan melalui presentasi interaktif, dan diskusi dengan masyarakat Karangmojo Kidul. Kesadaran hukum masyarakat Kelurahan Karangmojo terkait pengelolaan dan sertifikasi tanah masih rendah, ditunjukkan oleh banyaknya tanah yang belum bersertifikat, berisiko menimbulkan konflik agraria. Faktor penyebabnya meliputi kurangnya pemahaman akan pentingnya sertifikat tanah sebagai bukti hukum, kendala ekonomi, rendahnya pendidikan, dan budaya pengelolaan tanah tradisional. Kurangnya informasi dan tenaga ahli di bidang pertanahan juga menjadi hambatan. Program pemerintah seperti PTSL, yang bertujuan mempermudah sertifikasi, kurang dimanfaatkan karena minimnya sosialisasi. Langkah strategis untuk meningkatkan kesadaran mencakup edukasi intensif melalui sosialisasi, pendampingan teknis bagi masyarakat dalam melengkapi dokumen sertifikasi, serta pemanfaatan teknologi informasi untuk menyebarkan panduan terkait. Selain itu, diperlukan sinergi antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah dalam penyediaan layanan publik yang efektif. Peningkatan kesadaran hukum ini penting untuk menjamin kepastian hukum, mencegah konflik, dan mendukung pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat.

This article aims to provide theoretical and practical insights into conflict management to support leaders and managers in managing conflict effectively in various contexts and provide a comprehensive understanding of conflict management through a literature review of the sources, symptoms, and causes of conflict. Conflict that occurs in an organization can hinder the achievement of desired goals, therefore conflict needs to be managed properly so that its impact can be minimized, organizational conflict can also be interpreted as a conflict that arises when the goal-oriented behavior of one group conflicts with or is threatened by the goals of another group. This study uses a literature study method to analyze various concepts of conflict management that have been put forward by experts. The results of the study show that conflict, whether in a positive, negative, or neutral sense, is an unavoidable phenomenon. The source of conflict can come from various factors that trigger differences and clashes between individuals, groups, or organizations. Conflict also occurs due to misunderstandings or incompatibilities between individuals or groups in an effort to achieve their goals, this is often referred to as a causal factor. The impact of conflict actually depends on its nature. On the one hand, well-managed conflict can improve the quality of decisions, encourage active involvement in discussions, and strengthen group cohesion. However, on the other hand, conflict can also drain members' energy, disrupt productivity, and cause hostility that hinders collaboration. Abstract and Keywords must be written in English, in italic style, and contain a brief description of the research background, objectives, methods, findings, and implications. The abstract is written in one paragraph with a single space (maximum 200 words), without any reference or formula.

Penelitian ini menganalisis kontribusi mahasiswa dalam mewujudkan kehidupan beragama yang moderat di Kelurahan Padangsari. Mahasiswa berperan sebagai agen perubahan yang berfokus pada penguatan moderasi beragama melalui pendidikan dan dialog lintas agama. Program pengabdian ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang pentingnya moderasi beragama dan mengurangi potensi konflik antar kelompok agama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi mahasiswa mampu mendorong terciptanya lingkungan sosial yang lebih inklusif dan harmonis, serta meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan nilai-nilai toleransi. Dengan demikian, pengabdian ini berkontribusi signifikan dalam membangun hubungan antarumat beragama yang lebih baik di Padangsari.

Harmonis adalah keselarasan atau keserasian. Harmoni dalam keberagaman menunjukan kondisi Masyarakat yang selaras dan serasi ditengah perbedaan. Lingkungan memegang peranan penting dalam menciptakan kerukunan. Lingkungan keluarga menjadi pembentuk karakter anak. Keluarga mengajarkan arti penting menjalin kerukunan orang lain. Harmoni penting dalam kehidupan Masyarakat yang beragam karena :menjaga persatuan dan solidaritas,menghindari konflik,menciptakan lingkungan yang damai dan Sejahtera. Masyarakat yang memiliki keberagaman diperlukan adanya harmoni agar tidak terjadi konflik. Konflik ini dapat memecah belah persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa. Adanya sikap toleransi dan saling menjaga kerukunan,membuat Masyarakat dapat hidup berdampingan walaupun ada perbedaan. Pencapaian harmoni social dalam Masyarakat yang hidup berkelompok seperti kita merupakan tantangan yang bisa diwujudkan melalui usaha Bersama.

Harmonis adalah keselarasan atau keserasian. Harmoni dalam keberagaman menunjukan kondisi Masyarakat yang selaras dan serasi ditengah perbedaan. Lingkungan memegang peranan penting dalam menciptakan kerukunan. Lingkungan keluarga menjadi pembentuk karakter anak. Keluarga mengajarkan arti penting menjalin kerukunan orang lain. Harmoni penting dalam kehidupan Masyarakat yang beragam karena :menjaga persatuan dan solidaritas,menghindari konflik,menciptakan lingkungan yang damai dan Sejahtera. Masyarakat yang memiliki keberagaman diperlukan adanya harmoni agar tidak terjadi konflik. Konflik ini dapat memecah belah persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa. Adanya sikap toleransi dan saling menjaga kerukunan,membuat Masyarakat dapat hidup berdampingan walaupun ada perbedaan. Pencapaian harmoni social dalam Masyarakat yang hidup berkelompok seperti kita merupakan tantangan yang bisa diwujudkan melalui usaha Bersama.

This study aims to analyze the effect of work atmosphere and interpersonal conflict on employee performance at the Surakarta City Population and Civil Registration Office (Dukcapil). The research population includes all employees of Dukcapil Surakarta, totaling 74 people. The variables studied include work atmosphere, interpersonal conflict, and employee performance. Data collection was conducted through a combination of primary and secondary data. Primary data collection methods used interviews and questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained through documentation. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling method with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach, and data processing was done using SmartPLS software. The results showed that. Interpersonal conflict and work atmosphere are proven to have a significant impact on the performance of employees of the Surakarta City Dukcapil Office.

The study aims at studying the significance of motivation, conflict, and work stress influence on the performance of PDAM Tirto Negoro Sragen. The sources of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The sample used in this study consisted of 103 PDAM Tirto Negoro Sragen. Sampling techniques use proportional cluster random sampling. Data collection techniques used are questionnaires, observations and library studies. Data analysis techniques use descriptive analysis, double linear regression test, t test, F test, and determination coefficient test. The results show that motivation, conflict and work stress influence the performance of PDAM Tirto Negoro Sragen.    

Modern business, whether in trade of goods or services, is experiencing rapid growth that contributes to the global economy. However, globalization and technological advancements have brought challenges in communication and conflict resolution, especially in cross-cultural negotiations. This research aims to investigate communication barriers and conflict resolution strategies in the context of multicultural business negotiations, focusing on factors influencing intercultural communication and effective approaches to conflict resolution. A literature review approach is employed in this study. Data is collected from  various related literature, including books, scientific journals, and articles discussing communication barriers and conflict resolution in business from 2015 to 2024. The data is critically analyzed to identify the relationship between communication barriers and conflict resolution in business negotiations. The research results indicate that language differences, communication styles, social norms, business ethics, and perceptions of time are major barriers in intercultural communication that can disrupt business negotiations. These barriers often lead to misunderstandings and conflicts that can damage business relationships. Additionally, interest-based approaches and Pancasila-based deliberation are identified as effective conflict resolution strategies, emphasizing the values of democracy, kinship, and mutual cooperation.

Penyegaran dalam profesi notaris adalah upaya meningkatkan kembali pengetahuan dan keterampilan melalui kursus singkat setelah keberhasilan sebelumnya. Profesi notaris di Indonesia memerlukan serangkaian langkah, termasuk menyelesaikan pendidikan sarjana hukum, magister kenotariatan, magang selama 24 bulan, dan lulus ujian notaris yang ditentukan oleh otoritas hukum. Magang bersama dilakukan setiap enam bulan pada periode tertentu dan dapat memperpanjang durasi keseluruhan magang jika ada hambatan. Setelah itu, calon notaris harus mengumpulkan 18 poin dari kegiatan yang diselenggarakan oleh Ikatan Notaris Indonesia (INI) sebelum mengikuti Ujian Kode Etik Notaris (UKEN). Pelaksanaan UKEN dilakukan dua kali setahun. Kode etik notaris mencakup prinsip-prinsip seperti kemandirian, kerahasiaan, kompetensi, integritas, tanggung jawab sosial, pelayanan yang adil, dan penghindaran konflik kepentingan. Sebelum menjalankan tugas, notaris harus mengucapkan sumpah di hadapan Menteri Hukum dan HAM. Proses ini, dari pendidikan hingga pengangkatan, memakan waktu sekitar 9-13 tahun, dengan syarat-syarat yang ditetapkan oleh undang-undang.

In a company there are employee activities which include promotion, demotion and dismissal and retirement. During employee activities, it does not rule out the possibility of conflicts, both personal, intragroup, and intergroup. Every conflict must have a resolution. Some ways of resolving internal employee conflicts include open and transparent communication, mediation, individual counseling, training and education. In writing this journal, the method used is a library research method, by taking data or information from various sources such as books, notes, and research reports. The purpose of writing this journal is to provide readers with an understanding of internal employee activities, employee conflicts and their resolution. The results of this study are a discussion that we have compiled in this journal.

This research investigates the impact of internal conflict and communication quality on the performance efficiency of production team members in the EDT Division. With a qualitative and quantitative analysis approach, this study explores how internal conflict and good or bad communication affect the productivity and performance of production teams. The findings from this research provide valuable insights for management to understand production team dynamics and formulate effective strategies to increase efficiency.    

The inner conflict of the main character in the novel entitled Sebening Syahadat by Diva Sinar Rembulan is interesting to research through the study of literary psychology. The inner conflict experienced by the main character in the novel begins when the main character finds the woman of his dreams and searches for an identity that he has not yet believed in. The aim of this research is to describe the inner conflict experienced by the main character of the novel Sebening Syahadat by Diva Sinar Rembulan. This type of research is a literature study. The approach used is a literary psychology approach. The method used is a qualitative method. The data collection technique used is a documentation technique in three ways, namely, literature study, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The instrument used is a data card for the classification of intrinsic elements and forms of inner conflict. The analysis technique used is content analysis technique. The presentation of the results of data analysis is carried out descriptively. The results of this research found intrinsic elements in the form of characters and characterization, plot and setting. The second thing was found to be 47 data on the form of inner conflict in the form of (6) anxiety, (1) obsession, (3) frustration, (12) guilt, (7) hurt, (1) fear, (5) inability, (12) angry. This research can be used as an alternative teaching material at the high school/vocational school level.

Conflict is a situation involving individuals or groups who are at odds with each other or are in conflict with each other regarding differences in opinion, perception, communication and so on. A conflict does not necessarily occur, but is motivated by sources, symptoms and causes. The aim of this research is to find out and identify what are the sources of symptoms and causes of a conflict in an organization. The method used in this research is the literature review method which is taken from various sources such as magazines, newspapers, internet books and articles. In the literature study method, study related reference books and articles from previous research results that are relevant to the topic of this discussion. The results of this research are that conflict can originate from differences in personality, interactions, structural levels, cultural and ideological differences. In general, the symptoms behind the occurrence of conflict are disagreements between members of groups or organizations, norms that conflict with each other and conflicting actions between groups or organizations. The causes of conflict include communication, personality, limited resources, goals. inconsistent and so on.

Tanah merupakan hal yang penting yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh manusia untuk keberlangsungan hidup nya seperti bercocok tanam dan sebagai tempat pemukiman. Namun dalam pemanfaatanya tidak jarang banyak konflik yang terjadi antar manusia utamanya dalam kepemilikan hak tanah. Kepemilikan suatu tanah menjadi hal paling penting agar kita dapat mengidentifikasi suatu tanah yang dimiliki seseorang. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kepastian hukum pendaftaran tanah di Desa Bahung Bahung melalui upaya sosialisasi dan pendampingan langsung kepada masyarakat desa. Tujuan utama dari kegiatan pengabdian adalah untuk memberdayakan masyarakat desa Bahung Sibatu Batu agar lebih memahami dan dapat mengakses proses pendaftaran tanah dengan mudah dan tepat. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini meliputi observasi,penyuluhan,pemaparan materi terkait pendaftaran tanah, dan evaluasi. Melalui kegiatan penyuluhan, informasi tentang prosedur dan persyaratan pendaftaran tanah disampaikan kepada masyarakat desa Bahung Sibatu Batu. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kesadaran dan pengetahuan masyarakat desa mengenai proses pendaftaran tanah. Kegiatan pengabdian ini memberikan manfaat yang signifikan bagi masyarakat Desa Bahung Bahung. Dengan meningkatnya pemahaman dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pendaftaran tanah, tercipta kepastian hukum yang lebih baik, dan konflik yang berhubungan dengan kepemilikan tanah dapat diatasi secara berkelanjutan.