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The concept of the Day of the LORD in the prophetic tradition of the Old Testament is often narrowly understood as a day of victory and salvation for Israel. However, the book of Amos offers a sharp critique of such an interpretation. This study aims to examine the eschatological meaning of the Day of the LORD in Amos 5:18–24 as a moment of judgment and restoration. This research employs a qualitative method with a biblical hermeneutical approach, particularly historical-contextual and theological analysis of Amos 5:18–24. The findings indicate that the Day of the LORD is portrayed as a divine event that brings judgment against social injustice, religious hypocrisy, and ethical deviation among the people of Israel. At the same time, the text opens the possibility of restoration through the demand for justice and righteousness as expressions of true worship. Therefore, Amos’s eschatology is not speculative about the future but functions as a prophetic critique that calls for repentance and social transformation. This study affirms that the Day of the LORD remains contextually relevant for the contemporary church in integrating faith, worship, and social justice as an inseparable unity.

This paper aims to examine the relationship between Social Learning Theory and the principles of Christian education, particularly in character formation and the discipleship process. Social Learning Theory asserts that human behavior is shaped through observation, imitation, and social interaction, thus role models and the environment play a central role in the learning process. This understanding aligns with Christian education, which emphasizes that faith and character are developed through relationships, life experiences, and role models, as demonstrated in God's relationship with Israel, the life of Jesus Christ, and the practices of the early church. The integration of these two approaches demonstrates that effective Christian character formation requires a combination of modeling, mentoring, and a supportive community, along with the spiritually renewing work of the Holy Spirit. Thus, modern psychological theory and the principles of faith education can complement each other to create a holistic approach to Christian education, whether in the church, school, or family.

The armed conflict between Israel and Palestine, particularly in the Gaza Strip, has caused severe humanitarian impacts and raised strong allegations of violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Israel’s military attacks on civilians, hospitals, and public infrastructure demonstrate breaches of the principles of distinction, proportionality, and humanity as stipulated in the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1977 Additional Protocol I. This study aims to analyze the forms of violations committed by Israeli forces and examine their legal accountability under international law and the International Criminal Court (ICC). The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and case approaches, with primary legal materials from international treaties and secondary materials from academic journals and human rights reports. The findings indicate that Israel’s actions in Gaza constitute grave breaches and war crimes, as they deliberately target civilians and obstruct humanitarian assistance. This study emphasizes the urgency of enforcing international law and ensuring global accountability for perpetrators while encouraging member states of the Rome Statute to support ICC-led investigations into the ongoing violations

In international relations, it is very necessary to pay attention to what a country can and cannot do when interacting with other countries as a form of respect for sovereignty and international norms. Relations between countries in international life also include the involvement of international organizations that have an important role in maintaining global stability. In accordance with the goal of international organizations to resolve conflicts between countries, one of the conflicts that must be of concern to the world is armed conflict. One of the wars that is still in the spotlight to this day is the war between Israel and Palestine in the Gaza Strip. The research method used in this article is a normative legal research method with a literature approach and a case approach, namely related to war crimes in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the Gaza Strip. The United Nations as part of an international organization within the framework of the Law of the International Organization has made various efforts to maintain peace in Palestine. However, because this war is one of the most complicated, protracted, and fraught with international political importance, its resolution still faces various obstacles that make it difficult to end the conflict to this day.

This study aims to identify: 1) The effect of halal certification on the perceptions of students of the Islamic Economics program at IAIN Pontianak regarding Pro-Israel products. 2) The effect of the product on the perceptions of students of the Islamic Economics program at IAIN Pontianak regarding Pro-Israel products. 3) The effect of religiosity on the perceptions of students of the Islamic Economics program at IAIN Pontianak regarding Pro-Israel products. The method used in this research employs a quantitative method. Data collection was conducted through the distribution of questionnaires to respondents. The data analysis used is panel data, and the hypothesis testing uses the coefficient of determination (R2), partial (t-test). The data used by the researcher is primary data that is then processed into secondary data, which includes halal certification, products, religiosity, and student perceptions. Data testing was also conducted with the help of SPSS 25 and Eviews 12 applications. The results of this study show: 1) The halal certification variable has a significant partial effect on student perceptions, as indicated by a t-statistic value of 1.6157 and a probability (p) of 0.0190. 2) The product variable has a significant partial effect on student perceptions, as indicated by a t-statistic value of 0.481082 and a probability value of 0.0314 < 0.05. 3) The religious variable has a significant partial effect on student perceptions, as indicated by a t-statistic value of 6.9607 and a probability of 0.000 < 0.05.

The Israel–Palestine conflict continues to generate widespread human rights violations, yet international responses are often fragmented due to the political dominance of developed nations, raising critical questions about the effectiveness of human rights protection. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of how such dominance, particularly the use of veto power in the UN Security Council and the provision of direct political and military support, it affects the asymmetry of civilian protection and delays the cessation of hostilities. Using a doctrinal method with normative–qualitative analysis of resolutions, official reports, and global justice frameworks, this research also evaluates the effectiveness of normative diplomacy carried out by Indonesia and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in promoting ceasefires, accountability, and victim recovery. The findings indicate that vetoes and material support create systemic barriers to compliance with humanitarian law, significantly weakening efforts to protect human rights. Nevertheless, Indonesia’s and the OIC’s consistent diplomacy contributes to mobilizing international support, although their policy leverage remains limited in the absence of concrete enforcement mechanisms. The main implication of this study underscores the urgent need for a stronger architecture of global compliance, including restrictions on arms support that prolong conflict, conditioning international aid on human rights compliance, ensuring humanitarian access, and reinforcing the implementation of rulings and provisional measures of international judicial bodies, in pursuit of effective accountability and human rights protection.

The effectiveness of the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in enforcing international humanitarian law related to war crimes and forced displacement in Gaza faces complex challenges. Although the ICJ has international legal authority to adjudicate violations of international obligations, the implementation of ICJ decisions, in particular provisional measures that have been issued regarding Gaza, are often ignored by Israel. This non-compliance is further complicated by global political factors, especially the United States' support for the temporary relocation policy of Gazans which exacerbates patterns of forced displacement. This research uses a normative juridical method, with a focus on studying international legal norms, such as the 1945 Statute of the International Court of Justice, the 1949 Geneva Convention IV, and the 1998 Rome Statute. A conceptual approach is used to dissect the concept of the effectiveness of the ICJ's jurisdiction, while a case approach is applied in analyzing the application of the ICJ's jurisdiction to the post-2023 Gaza conflict. political domination of big countries. Therefore, strengthening the ICJ's jurisdiction requires effective compliance system reform and firmer political support from the international community so that the ICJ does not simply become a normative symbol.  

This research is motivated by the crisis of public trust experienced by the National Zakat Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BAZNAS RI) following the receipt of a donation of Rp1.5 billion from McDonald's Indonesia, which is considered to be affiliated with the Israeli McDonald's chain. This crisis has led to public rejection and questions about BAZNAS RI's credibility as a national zakat management institution. This research aims to: (1) analyze the crisis management strategies implemented by the Public Relations division of BAZNAS RI, and (2) examine the forms of crisis response strategies used in handling the issue. The theory used is Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), with a qualitative approach and phenomenological method. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews and observations. The results of the study indicate that BAZNAS RI Public Relations implemented three stages of crisis management strategies, namely pre-crisis, during crisis, and post-crisis. In the pre-crisis stage, media monitoring, internal meetings, and the formation of a crisis communication team were conducted. In the crisis stage, strategic steps were taken through coordination with partners, issuing official statements, terminating cooperation with McDonald's Indonesia, and publishing positive content. Support from public figures was also leveraged to restore the organization's image. In the post-crisis phase, issue monitoring and evaluation of collaboration partners were conducted. The response strategy focused on a rebuilding and bolstering approach through apologies, strengthening a positive image, and affirming humanitarian values. These findings underscore the importance of empathetic, transparent, and value-oriented communication in addressing the crisis of trust in philanthropic institutions.

This study aims to determine the exemplary leadership of Joshua and its implications for the ministry of the Elders at the GKPPD Penjaraten Resort Kuta Dame Pakpak Bharat. The background of this study departs from the fact that not all Elders demonstrate leadership character in accordance with Biblical values, especially as exemplified by Joshua as a humble, selfless, and exemplary leader of the Israelites. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach, namely by analyzing and describing the character of Joshua's leadership and its relevance to the current condition of the Elders' ministry. The results of the study show four exemplary aspects of Joshua's leadership, namely: Joshua always prioritizes God, Joshua has great empathy for the Israelites, Joshua demonstrates obedience and steadfastness of faith, and Joshua implements servant leadership. Emulating Joshua's leadership is important for GKPPD Elders because Joshua demonstrates leadership that always prioritizes God in every decision. His exemplary in having empathy and concern for the congregation becomes a real example for Elders in serving the congregation with heart. Joshua's obedience and steadfast faith also encouraged the Elders to live with integrity and serve as spiritual role models. Furthermore, Joshua's selfless leadership style taught that true service is done with sincerity, not for personal gain.

The boycott of companies suspected of having ties to Israel has drawn public attention, including Unilever. This research was motivated by the need to understand how Unilever, impacted by the boycott, is attempting to restore its reputation in the eyes of the public. Specifically, this research aims to analyze how the people of Serang City respond to these efforts amidst the turmoil of this sensitive issue. The study used a quantitative approach based on the S-O-R (Stimulus-Organism-Response) theory. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 400 respondents in Serang City. The main focus of the analysis was on three Unilever strategies: a statement of non-involvement in the genocide, providing aid to refugees in Egypt, and offering product discounts at local retailers. The S-O-R theory was used to observe how the company's communication stimuli generate psychological responses and public attitudes toward brand reputation. The study results showed that 68.12% of respondents responded positively to Unilever's efforts, although this figure only slightly exceeded the minimum threshold set in the hypothesis. The majority of the public is more familiar with discount efforts than humanitarian aid or official clarification. Therefore, information transparency and strengthened crisis management need to be optimized to clarify Unilever's position and sustainably strengthen the company's reputation amidst sensitive social and political issues.

Marketing management has a strategic role in maintaining the sustainability of the company, especially in the midst of market dynamics and social issues that affect consumer behavior. One of the issues that had an impact was the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement against products that were associated with supporting Israel, including PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk. This study aims to analyze the influence of loyalty and brand image on Unilever product purchase decisions after the boycott in the South Jakarta area. The research method used was quantitative statistics with a survey approach of 100 respondents. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of the analysis showed that consumer loyalty had a significant effect on purchasing decisions (Thcal = 3.538 > Ttable = 1.984; sig = 0.001 < 0.05). Brand image also showed significant influence (Thcal = 4.032 > Ttable = 1.984; sig = 0.000 < 0.05). Simultaneously, both variables had a significant effect on purchasing decisions (Fcal = 63.849 > Ftable = 3.09; sig = 0.000). A determination coefficient value (R²) of 0.568 indicates that loyalty and brand image together influence 56.8% of consumer purchase decisions. These findings provide important implications for the company's marketing strategy in responding to social issues and maintaining consumer trust through strengthening loyalty and brand image.

This study aims to determine the forms of interaction, participation, and motivation of Indonesian NCTzens in the boycott campaign of pro-Israel products through the @nctzenhumanity account on social media X. This study uses Henry Jenkins' theory of participatory culture and the concept of digital activism as the basis of analysis. The data for this study were obtained through semi-structured interviews with informants directly involved in the campaign, observations of campaign content, and digital documentation from the @nctzenhumanity account and related articles. Data validation techniques were carried out by triangulating sources to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the information obtained. The results showed that NCTzen interactions in the boycott campaign occurred through various activities, such as discussions, providing positive affirmations, and exchanging information that formed a virtual community. Their participation included digital actions such as retweets, raising hashtags, content creation, and sharing information that raised awareness about the boycott issue. In addition, real support was also given in the form of donations and boycotts of products originating from pro-Israel companies. Motivation for participation was driven by educational, moral, spiritual, emotional values, and fandom solidarity towards humanitarian issues. This campaign reflects the practice of participatory culture in fandom digital activism, where fandom transforms into an active social actor in the struggle for humanitarian issues through digital media.

The covenant between God and Abraham serves as proof that God is a faithful God who never abandons His people, whether in times of joy or sorrow. This covenant is also one of the fundamental covenants in the Old Testament, with significant theological and historical implications. This article, we’re discusses and analyzes God’s covenant with Abraham and its implications for Christian faith today, based on Genesis 12:1-9. Through this covenant, God promises three main things to Abraham: numerous descendants, the promised land, and blessings for all nations. Futhermore, this covenant serves as the foundation of Israel’s identity and finds its fulfillment in Jesus Christ, as foretold in Genesis 3:15, namely the offspring that will be born a woman. This study serves as evidence and a model for Christians regarding Abraham’s obedience and steadfast faith, emphasizing that salvation in Jesus Christ is one of God’s fulfilled promises to Abraham. Thus, understanding this covenant strengthens the conviction that God remains faithful to His promises and that faith in Him is the foundation of true spiritual life for believers.

Ruth's life is a depiction of a devout and faithful person. Her simple and obedient life has transformed all aspects of her life. The form of love that Ruth showed to Naomi has opened a great opportunity for Ruth to experience an encounter with Boaz. The bitterness of her life did not make her spirit run aground and disappear. Ruth experienced redemption carried out by Boaz. The expression go'el, which means redemption, is an expression that signifies an act that provides relief and comfort. The marriage of Ruth and Boaz is known as a levirate marriage, and this tradition has been passed down through generations until the New Testament era. Ruth was a woman from Moab. She was not a member of the nation of Israel, but Ruth received the gift of the opportunity to experience redemption. In this scientific paper, the researcher aims to explore the meaning of redemption contained in the Book of Ruth. The entire story of Ruth and Boaz's journey until its culmination, namely Ruth's redemption by Boaz, is a shadow image of God's plan and God's act of execution through the Person of Jesus Christ, namely the redemption of sinful humans that Jesus accomplished on the cross. This research uses a qualitative literature method. The qualitative literature study method used by this researcher is based entirely on literature review. Literature-based research is part of a research proposal, collecting data from sources such as books, articles, journals, online media, and other documents. In the New Testament, there are numerous verses explaining that the atonement for sins was performed only by Jesus Christ. Jesus' atonement is offered to all people, regardless of their nationality, just as Ruth received the gift of redemption from Boaz.

the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, marking God's intervention in the history of His people and the beginning of a new grain harvest. On the other hand, Easter marks the resurrection of Jesus Christ, a symbol of victory over sin and death, and the culmination of salvation provided through His sacrifice on the cross. In this context, the Eucharist becomes an important sacrament symbolizing the body and Passover and Easter have deep meanings in their respective religious traditions. Passover (Pesach) celebrates blood of Christ. The bread, as a symbol of His broken body, and the cup, as a symbol of His shed blood, remind Christians of God's infinite sacrifice and love. However, in the early days of Christianity, the practice of the Eucharist was often misunderstood, leading to accusations of cannibalism against Christians. This misunderstanding arose because the terms "body" and "blood" were interpreted literally by outsiders. To counter these accusations, Christian apologists, such as Justin Martyr and Tertullian, attempted to provide a theological explanation for the symbolism, emphasizing that the Eucharist was a spiritual and not a physical act. Thus, both Easter and the Eucharist reflect the profound themes of liberation and hope, as well as the importance of a correct understanding of the symbolism of Christian teaching to avoid harmful misunderstandings. This shows that a proper understanding of religious traditions can strengthen faith and strengthen relationships among believers.

Macron's visit also commemorated 75 years of diplomatic relations and a decade of strategic partnership between Indonesia and France. This meeting showed how bilateral diplomacy can trigger long-term transformation in various sectors. The partnership is part of extending the diplomatic relations between the two countries, which will be 100 years old in 2050.  Indonesia and France are developing strategic partnerships in various important sectors, ranging from defense, technology, agriculture, economy, to culture. Both countries have the same vision of world order. The strategic partnership strengthens their positions in facing global uncertainty with a total of 21 strategic agreements. The forms of cooperation and strategic agreements between Indonesia and France include: 1) Defense sector, for example, the Indonesian Ministry of Defense and the French Ministry of Armed Forces agreed to establish a strategic partnership related to the exchange and joint protection of confidential information in the defense sector, 2) Economic sector, both countries agreed to encourage more balanced trade and investment relations, including: (1). MoU between the National Nutrition Agency and Danone; (2). Danantara and Eramet; (3). Investment Agreement between PT RGE Indonesia and Total Energies; (4). Investment Agreement between PT Citra Bonang Indonesia and Lesaffre; (5). MoU between PT SMI, PT PLN, and HDF; (6). MoU between Bank Indonesia and Banque De France, 3) Indonesia and France agreed to encourage Palestinian independence. This is considered the only way to resolve the long conflict between Palestine and Israel. Humanity must be prioritized in order to realize peace in the region. Two State Solutions" or a two-state solution is the most diplomatic way out for Palestinian independence.

Aqua, as a leading bottled mineral water brand in Indonesia, faces challenges in maintaining its market share amid increasing competition and boycott issues. This study aims to analyze the impact of product quality, product pricing, and brand image on purchasing decisions for Aqua in Kendal City. The research employs both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data collection techniques involve distributing questionnaires to 188 respondents and conducting interviews with 10 respondents. The respondents were selected using purposive sampling based on specific criteria, such as having used Aqua and being aware of the boycott issue. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to test the influence of each independent variable on the purchasing decision. The results show that product quality, product pricing, and brand image have a positive and significant impact on Aqua's purchasing decisions. Brand image emerged as the most dominant factor influencing purchasing decisions. Additionally, the majority of informants are highly concerned about the boycott issue and disturbed by the Israeli attacks, which has affected their purchasing decisions. This study recommends that Aqua improve product quality, implement competitive pricing strategies, and strengthen its brand image through innovation and marketing campaigns to maintain customer loyalty. Aqua should also promote its neutral stance publicly, clarifying that it is not involved in the Israel-Palestine issue, in order to maintain public trust in the brand.

The United Nations Security Council established the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) at the request of the Lebanese Government due to Israeli aggression in 1978 in accordance to mandate of Resolutions 425 and 426. In the period 2024–2025, UNIFIL’s effectiveness is again in the spotlight as escalation of the conflict increases, including the violation of the 60-day ceasefire by Israel, which has caused new tensions in the border area. This article examines the mechanisms, roles and effectiveness of UNIFIL as an international organization in efforts to realize peace in the Blue Line Region. Using the three realistic approaches to peace with the use of qualitative approach based on the latest articles, journals, and news articles. The study shows that limited geopolitical pressure and inability to directly engage in the conflict have hampered UNIFIL's performance, although its presence continues to play a role in preventing large-scale conflict. So the UNSC emphasizes the fulfillment of the 1701 mandate through communication and negotiation between UNIFIL and Lebanon-Israel for peace on both sides.

This study examines the impact of boycott actions on changes in company performance, including stock prices, trading volume, and sales, among Israel-affiliated companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2023. Using an event study method with a 60-day observation window (H-30 to H+30), the research found a significant decrease in stock price, changes in trading activity, and varying effects on sales. The findings indicate that boycotts, as social movements, can influence market sentiment and investor decisions, especially under the backdrop of global political conflicts.

MUI Fatwa No. 83, which prohibits Israeli goods, might have a substantial impact on Indonesia's Islamic economy, influencing consumption, trade, investment decisions, and halal certification. If adhered to, demand for Israeli goods may fall, while the boycott effort may have an impact on investment decisions and worldwide trade. This can also help Muslims achieve greater unity and ethical consciousness. The author employs literature review methodologies to examine literature relevant to the research issue. The methodology includes a study of Islamic economics based on both bibliographic and secondary data. To get new ideas and information, the method used is analysis approaches such as interpretation, coherence, and heuristics. MUI Fatwa No.83 of 2023 requires legal assistance for the Palestinian fight against Israeli aggression, including the distribution of zakat, infaq, and alms. The fatwa's economic impact is determined by Muslim involvement and business reaction, which may have an impact on halal certification and Sharia banking. MUI Decree Number 83 of 2023 encourages a boycott of Israeli goods, which benefits the Muslim economy while cutting demand