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This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review to examine the relationship between job enrichment, the Human Resource Information System, and work–life balance on organisational performance through the mediating role of innovative work behaviour, with a particular focus on medium-scale Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Drawing on Scopus-indexed publications from 2020 to 2025, the review identifies theoretical and empirical findings that highlight the importance of human resource practices and digital transformation in strengthening organisational innovation. The analysis reveals that job enrichment significantly enhances employee autonomy, engagement, and intrinsic motivation, which in turn fosters innovative work behaviour. Likewise, the Human Resource Information System contributes to performance improvement by increasing decision-making efficiency and supporting data-driven innovation processes. Meanwhile, work–life balance promotes creativity and reduces stress, thereby fostering an environment conducive to innovative thinking. Furthermore, innovative work behaviour is found to mediate the relationship between human resource practices and organisational performance by transforming individual innovation into collective organisational outcomes. These findings indicate that integrating the Human Resource Information System with job enrichment and work–life balance policies can substantially enhance the competitiveness and productivity of medium-scale Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises. This study contributes to theoretical advancement in innovation-oriented human resource management and offers practical implications for developing adaptive human resource systems to ensure sustainable business performance in the digital era.

The principle of comparative advantage explains that every country or society, like individuals, can gain benefits from their trade activities by exporting goods or services in which they have a major comparative advantage and importing goods or services in which they do not. Based on the law of comparative advantage, even though a country may be less efficient (having an absolute disadvantage) compared to other countries in the production process, the structure of industrial performance can be seen through the analysis of industrial sector behavior analyzed through various strategies such as Price, Product, and promotion. The theory of comparative advantage related to the exchange of goods is relevant as long as the traded goods are still useful. In other words, Performance is defined as the result of activities influenced by the structure and behavior within the industrial sector, where these results are often measured by the size of a company's market share or profitability in an industry. In more detail, performance can also be reflected in the form of efficiency, development (including market expansion), job creation, employee welfare, and a sense of group pride.

Digital transformation has significantly reshaped human resource management (HRM) through the adoption of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS), artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, e-learning platforms, and remote work technologies. Although these innovations improve efficiency and decision-making, they also generate ethical challenges related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, transparency, and employee monitoring. This article examines the role of professional ethics in HRM within the context of digital transformation, highlighting both emerging challenges and potential opportunities. This study employs a conceptual research approach supported by a comprehensive literature review of scholarly works on HRM, professional ethics, and digitalization. The analysis focuses on core ethical principles such as integrity, fairness, responsibility, professionalism, and confidentiality, and evaluates their implementation in digital HR practices. The findings indicate that unethical use of digital technologies may lead to discrimination, reduced employee trust, and violations of individual rights, particularly through biased AI-based recruitment systems and opaque performance evaluation mechanisms. However, digital transformation also offers opportunities to strengthen ethical HR governance. The use of ethical data management, algorithmic audits, digital transparency, and e-learning-based ethics training can enhance accountability and fairness in HR processes. The study concludes that integrating professional ethics with digital HRM is essential for developing human-centered, sustainable, and trustworthy organizations in the digital era.

Job placement is a brief and concise summary of the process of placing employees in positions that match their expertise, skills, and knowledge within an organization. Human capital refers to the knowledge, skills, competencies, and attributes of individuals that contribute to economic and social performance. Teamwork is one of the important factors in increasing effectiveness and productivity in an organizational environment. Employee performance is one of the main indicators in determining the success and competitiveness of an organization. This study aims to analyze the effect of job placement, human capital, and teamwork on employee performance at PT. Faithfull The Brand. This study was conducted at PT. Faithfull The Brand. The research population was employees of PT. Faithfull The Brand. The sample in this study was 87 respondents who were determined based on the Slovin formula. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS program. The results of testing the hypothesis stated that job placement had a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Faithfull The Brand, human capital had a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Faithfull The Brand, and teamwork had a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Faithfull The Brand.

Human resource development is the process of preparing individuals to take on higher or different responsibilities within an organization, including enhancing intellectual abilities to support efficient task performance. This study aims to determine the extent to which human resource development contributes to improved employee performance at the East Lombok Regency Health Office. The qualitative, descriptive approach involved eight informants, consisting of officials familiar with the implementation of human resource development and staff who had participated in the program. The results indicate that education and training conducted by the East Lombok Regency Health Office have supported improved employee performance, as evidenced by more structured task implementation, public health monitoring surveys, and a decrease in maternal and infant mortality rates. However, in terms of human resource management, there are still shortcomings, with an average of 28 health workers per health facility, both civil servants and non-civil servants, reflecting an imbalance in workforce needs. Furthermore, the implementation of human resource development is supported by leadership commitment, inter-agency collaboration, and budget support from the provincial and central governments. However, it is hampered by limited qualified personnel, frequent policy changes, and the impact of natural disasters.

This study focuses on the dynamic relationship between transformational leadership and work motivation, and how both elements contribute to increased productivity in modern organizational environments. By employing a literature review approach, this study synthesizes existing research to explore the powerful impact of transformational leadership in fostering heightened work motivation among employees. The research highlights that transformational leadership acts as a catalyst, significantly enhancing employees' intrinsic motivation, which in turn serves as a mediating factor in boosting individual productivity. The study identifies two key dimensions of transformational leadership that contribute most significantly to motivation: the leader's ability to provide inspirational encouragement and their attention to the unique needs of each employee. These aspects are crucial in fostering an environment where employees feel valued, supported, and motivated to perform at their best. The positive effects of this leadership style are evident in improved work quality, increased accuracy in task completion, and a stronger sense of responsibility among employees. Ultimately, this study confirms that a leader who is adaptive, communicative, and inspiring is essential in building superior, consistent, and sustainable performance within an evolving organizational structure. The findings underscore the critical role of leadership in cultivating motivation and driving long-term productivity in organizations.

This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how psychological well-being (PWB) influences employee performance through a Systematic Literature Review approach. By analyzing a range of relevant and open-access studies, this review synthesizes key findings to identify patterns that explain the relationship between psychological well-being and work outcomes. The analysis reveals that PWB is a crucial internal factor shaping productive, stable, and consistent employee behavior. Individuals with higher levels of psychological well-being tend to demonstrate stronger motivation, higher discipline, and better adaptability when facing pressure or organizational changes. Beyond its direct influence, PWB also acts as a connecting variable between other determinants such as job satisfaction, work-life balance, and organizational support and improved performance. Overall, the review highlights that psychological well-being is not merely a personal condition but a strategic resource that significantly contributes to long term organizational productivity. Therefore, enhancing employee well-being should be integrated into human resource management practices as both a preventive measure and a long term capacity building strategy.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of transactional leadership, servant leadership, and work integrity on employee performance at PT. Istana Argo Kartika (Sanken) Surabaya Branch. The research applies a quantitative approach with an associative design to examine the relationships among variables. The population consists of all permanent employees, and because the total number is limited, a saturated sampling technique was used so that every employee could serve as a respondent. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and later analyzed using multiple linear regression to determine both partial and simultaneous effects. The findings reveal that transactional leadership, servant leadership, and work integrity each have a positive and significant impact on employee performance when tested individually. In addition, the combined influence of all three variables also shows a significant contribution to overall performance levels. These results suggest that firm direction, supportive service-oriented leadership, and strong adherence to integrity can effectively improve employee outcomes. Therefore, this study is expected to provide useful insights for management in designing leadership development programs and strengthening human resource strategies.

This study aims to deltelrminel thel influelncel of work facilitiels, compliancel, and compeltelncel on elmployelel pelrformancel at thel Bungku Sellatan Subdistrict Officel. Thel samplel useld in this study consists of 39 elmployelels from thel Bungku Sellatan Subdistrict Officel. Thel sampling telchniquel elmployeld is non-probability sampling, spelcifically celnsus sampling. Thel data analysis telchniquel useld is multiplel linelar relgrelssion analysis. Baseld on thel data analysis relsults, thel relgrelssion elquation obtaineld is as follows: Y = 0.554 + 0.164 X1 + 0.142 X2 + 0.259 X3. Thel relsults of this study indicatel that work facilitiels, compliancel, and compeltelncel havel a significant influelncel on elmployelel pelrformancel at thel Bungku Sellatan Subdistrict Officel simultanelously. Furthelrmorel, individually, both thel work facilitiels variablel, thel compliancel variablel, and thel compeltelncel variablel significantly affelct elmployelel pelrformancel at thel Bungku Sellatan Subdistrict Officel. Thel coelfficielnt of deltelrmination shows an R squarel valuel of 0.588, indicating that 58.8% of elmployelel pelrformancel is influelnceld by thel variablels of work facilitiels, compliancel, and compeltelncel, whilel thel relmaining 41.2% is influelnceld by othelr factors not elxamineld in this study.

This study aims to describe and analyze the factors that influence employee job satisfaction at PT Trans Jaya Papua by employing a qualitative descriptive method supported by observation and semi-structured interviews with 12 employees across different departments. The findings reveal that job satisfaction arises from a combination of internal and external factors that interact to shape employees’ overall perceptions of their work. Internal factors consist of individual attitudes, motivation, and the quality of interpersonal relationships, all of which determine how employees respond to daily tasks and workplace dynamics. External factors include leadership style, salary, work environment, and organizational support, each playing a crucial role in shaping employees’ sense of stability and fairness. The results highlight that positive work attitudes and effective communication are the most dominant contributors to employee satisfaction, strengthened by adequate compensation and supportive supervision from leaders. The study concludes that job satisfaction can be further improved through transparent communication, equitable reward systems, and consistent leadership involvement in employee development. These findings provide practical implications for management, particularly in formulating more responsive human resource strategies aimed at enhancing employee performance and organizational effectiveness.

In an era of increasingly intense business competition, an organization's success heavily depends on the quality of individual performance within it. Achieving optimal performance becomes key in realizing organizational goals. In the golf industry, the role of service staff, particularly caddies, is vital as the frontline service that directly interacts with customers. This ongoing research aims to analyze the influence of performance management systems on employee performance of golf caddies at Senayan golf Club. Using a quantitative approach, this research involved 167 respondents and employed multiple regression analysis. The research results show that goal setting, performance feedback, performance assessment, and rewards have a significant positive effect on employee performance, while training has a positive but low significant effect. Meanwhile, the simultaneous influence of independent variables positively affects employee performance. The implications of this research demonstrate the importance of developing a comprehensive performance management system focusing on goal setting, feedback, performance assessment, training, and effective reward systems

Employee performance is a key factor in supporting organizational success, particularly in public service companies like Perumda Air Minum Tirta Moedal Semarang City. Various factors can influence performance, including perceived organizational support, work motivation, and individual competence. This study aims to analyze the influence of perceived organizational support, work motivation, and competence on employee performance. This study used a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to employees of Perumda Air Minum Tirta Moedal Semarang City. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression to determine the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable. The results of this study are expected to demonstrate that perceived organizational support, work motivation, and competence have a significant and positive influence on employee performance. These findings are expected to provide a basis for management in formulating human resource development policies to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of company services. This research also provides theoretical contributions to the field of human resource management and practical implications for employee performance management in regional companies.

Digital transformation has changed the way modern organizations measure their success, but traditional performance measurement models have not fully adapted to the needs of the digital age. This study conducted a systematic literature review of 25 high-quality publications from the Scopus, Web of Science, and Emerald Insight databases to identify models and indicators of organizational performance measurement in the digital era. Using the PRISMA 2020 framework and strict inclusion-exclusion protocols, this study analyzes research from the period 2021-2025 with a focus on the integration of the digital dimension in the performance measurement framework. Key findings identify 13 categories of key indicators that consistently appear in the literature, including financial performance, operational efficiency, innovation performance, digital transformation readiness, customer experience, and employee digital capability. The analysis of influence mechanisms found three ways in which digital transformation affects performance: direct effects, mediating effects through dynamic capability and organizational agility, and moderation effects from contextual and organizational cultural factors. The research proposes a three-level integrative framework (strategic, operational, and individual-cultural) that can be differentially adapted according to the size of the organization and the industry sector. The theoretical contribution of this research enriches the academic literature with a systematic synthesis of digital performance measurement, while practical contribution provides evidence-based guidance for organizations in designing a comprehensive performance measurement system that is responsive to the evolving dynamics of digital transformation.

This study aims to assess extent to which leadership, communication, and competence influence employee performance at Point Coffee Medan. The research was motivated by field findings that indicated a decline in work quality, such as delays in task completion, miscommunication among employees, and a lack of capability in carrying out tasks effectively. These issues highlight the need for improvements in human resource aspects, particularly in leadership style, communication effectiveness, and employee competence. A quantitative research method with a descriptive approach was employed. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 38 employees of Point Coffee Medan. The research instruments were tested for validity and reliability, and the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The goal of the study was to determine both the partial and simultaneous effects of the three independent variables on employee performance. The analysis results indicate that leadership, communication, and competence have a positive and significant impact on performance, both individually and collectively. Effective leadership helps guide and motivate employees in completing their tasks. Clear and open communication fosters collaboration and a harmonious work environment. Meanwhile, strong competence enables employees to work more efficiently, accurately, and productively. In conclusion, the improvement of employee performance is strongly influenced by the leader's ability to manage the team, the quality of internal communication, and the mastery of work-related competencies. Therefore, the company is advised to enhance these three aspects as part of its human resource management strategy

This study examines participatory leadership styles and their influence on organizational innovation in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesia. Participative leadership involves subordinates actively in the decision-making process, which contributes to increased motivation, productivity, and individual performance within the organization. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study explores the concepts and practices of leadership and innovation applied in SOEs. The results show that participatory leadership not only increases employee engagement but also creates a collaborative and innovative work environment. By involving different generations in decision-making, leaders can leverage the experience of senior generations and fresh ideas from younger generations, thereby encouraging more creative and relevant innovation. The implications of this research indicate that the application of a participatory leadership style is very important for SOEs to strengthen their competitiveness, adapt to market changes, and make a significant contribution to national development. This research provides valuable insights for leadership development and innovation strategies in the SOE sector in Indonesia.

Transformational leadership is an important paradigm in strengthening modern governance that is oriented towards innovation, accountability, and public service. This research aims to examine the concepts, roles, and challenges of transformational leadership in the context of the Indonesian public sector through a literature study approach. The study was conducted on 15 open academic sources relevant to digital bureaucratic issues, apparatus work motivation, and organizational reform. The results of the study show that transformational leadership is able to increase performance effectiveness, strengthen employee commitment, and accelerate the digital transformation of the bureaucracy through an inspiring vision, intellectual stimulation, and individual attention to subordinates. In addition, this leadership contributes to the formation of a collaborative work culture and the improvement of public service innovations that are adaptive to the needs of the community. However, its implementation still faces structural obstacles, such as hierarchical culture, resistance to change, weak digital competence of the apparatus, and limited policy and human resource support. Therefore, a strong integration between transformational values, adaptive leadership competencies, and good governance principles is needed to drive sustainable and performance-oriented bureaucratic change that is superior to public performance.

Work-life balance refers to a condition in which individuals are able to manage and allocate their time, energy, and attention proportionally between work demands and personal life. Performance is defined as the measurable outcomes achieved by individuals in carrying out their duties. This study aims to examine the effect of work-life balance on employee performance at the Secretariat of the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) of Deli Serdang Regency. The proposed hypothesis states that there is a positive influence between work-life balance and employee performance. The study population consisted of 200 employees, and the sampling technique used was probability sampling, which provides equal opportunities for each member of the population to be selected. Based on the Yamane formula with a 10% error rate, a total of 67 respondents were obtained. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using a simple linear regression test. The results show a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that the hypothesis is accepted. This means that work-life balance has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The contribution of work-life balance to performance is 62.4%, while the remaining 37.6% is influenced by other factors.

The use of technology in data management has become the key to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of company performance. PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk has implemented a computerized employee attendance system through the Employee Self Service (ESS) application. However, so far there has been no evaluation regarding the level of user satisfaction with the application. This study aims to measure ESS user satisfaction to provide input in future application development. The method used is End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) which includes five variables: Content, Accuracy, Format, Ease of Use, and Timeliness. Data was obtained through the distribution of questionnaires and analyzed using the SPSS application. The results of the t-test showed that the Format variable had the most significant influence (t = 4.281), while the other variable showed an insignificant influence individually. However, through the F test, an F value was obtained of 3.791 with a significance of 0.003, which shows that simultaneously all EUCS variables have a significant effect on user satisfaction. These results are expected to be the basis for companies to improve the performance of ESS applications and support the overall work efficiency of employees.

Transformational leadership is an approach that emphasizes inspiration, empowerment, and individual development in order to achieve organizational goals holistically. This study aims to examine the concept of transformational leadership theoretically, while reviewing its application in the context of general organizations and churches, and its relevance according to the biblical perspective. Using the literature study method, this study collected data from various scientific literature and theological sources to build a solid conceptual framework. The results of the study indicate that transformational leadership has significant benefits, such as increasing employee engagement, innovation, and performance. On the other hand, this approach also has limitations, especially in the context of organizations that are bureaucratic or still in the early stages of formation. From a biblical perspective, transformational leadership is in line with the examples of Deborah and Jesus Christ, who led through service, example, and personal transformation. Thus, transformational leadership is not only relevant to the development of modern organizations, but also has a strong spiritual basis in Christian teachings.

This study examines effects of resilience, social support, and psychological well-being on employee performance at CV Duta Jaya Tehnic. Resilience refers to an individual’s capacity to handle work pressure and challenges. Social support includes assistance from coworkers and family. Psychological well-being denotes a healthy mental state. The study proposed significant partial and joint effects for the three predictors. A quantitative survey design was used. Questionnaires were distributed to 38 employees. Multiple linear regression evaluated partial and joint relationships between predictors and performance. Results show a significant positive effect of resilience on performance (p = 0.001 < 0.05). Social support (p = 0.573) and psychological well-being (p = 0.700) show no significant partial effects. Jointly, the three predictors explain performance significantly (p < 0.001). The findings highlight a central role for personal resilience in improving performance at CV Duta Jaya Tehnic, while social support and psychological well-being show no standalone effect within this sample. Overall, the regression model with the three predictors provides meaningful explanatory power for employee performance in this company. Managerial implications follow from the evidence. Prioritize initiatives to build resilience, including brief coping-skill sessions, energy management, and recovery practices. Maintain support systems and well-being programs, yet direct resources first toward resilience building.