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Abstract: Lesson Study is a collaborative process where teachers identify learning problems, plan improvements, implement instruction with one teacher teaching and others observing, evaluate, revise, re-teach, re-evaluate, and disseminate results. This method serves as a reference for HOTS-based classroom instruction aimed at enhancing learning motivation, student achievement, and critical thinking. The community service was conducted at the Tadris Social Sciences Study Program, FTIK, UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah, and MI Podorejo, Sumber Gempol, Tulungagung, through planning, implementation, and reflection stages. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method with a sequential design covering preparation, micro-teaching training, school mentoring, Lesson Study implementation, and comprehensive final evaluation. Observations from this Lesson Study revealed that students demonstrated critical thinking and active participation in learning. This activity is expected to foster synergy among lecturers, teachers, and pre-service teachers in designing, implementing, and evaluating teaching-learning activities, making instructional methods more creative, innovative, and adaptive to technological advancements.

This community service program aims to enhance teachers’ competence in developing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)-based assessment items to support improved performance in the Computer-Based National Assessment (ANBK) at SMP Negeri Kletek. The main problem faced by the partner school is the limited understanding of teachers in designing assessment instruments that measure higher-order thinking skills, as well as insufficient ability to develop literacy- and numeracy-oriented questions aligned with ANBK characteristics. This condition has resulted in suboptimal learning evaluation quality and limited student readiness for national assessment. The program employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, emphasizing the active involvement of participants throughout all stages. The implementation included the planning stage through needs assessment and problem identification, the action stage through training and mentoring in HOTS-based item development, the observation stage through evaluation of participants’ work, and the reflection stage to identify achievements and challenges. Data were collected using pre-test and post-test, observation, and reflective discussions. The results indicate an improvement in teachers’ understanding and skills in developing HOTS-based items, as reflected in higher post-test scores. Teachers were able to design competency-based blueprints, contextual stimuli, and analytical, evaluative, and creative questions. This program effectively strengthens teachers’ professional competence and school readiness for ANBK.

This study was conducted to review the quality of test items in Business Economics and General Administration subjects using a classical analysis approach. The assessment process included examining validity, reliability, difficulty level, the ability of questions to differentiate student abilities, and the accuracy of distractors. The research approach used was descriptive quantitative, with 32 students from grades XI and XII majoring in Accounting as subjects and 50 multiple-choice questions as instruments. The main focus of this study was to ensure that the evaluation tools used were truly capable of describing students' competency achievements. Data analysis was conducted through observation results and student responses on Google Forms, which were then processed using the Anates Version 4.0 application. The results of the analysis showed that most of the questions had high validity and reliability, good discrimination power, and a moderate level of difficulty. However, the overall quality of the distractors was not good enough, and there were no questions in the difficult category. Overall, the quality of the questions in this subject can be categorized as good and suitable for evaluating the learning of vocational high school students in grades XI and XII.

Indonesian EFL senior high school students. Traditional EFL instruction often emphasizes lower-order cognitive skills, limiting students' ability to analyze, evaluate, and create in English. This research explored student experiences with PBL and its impact on HOTS development. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five 11th-grade students participating in environmental-themed PBL activities. Thematic analysis identified patterns in student experiences and perceptions. Findings reveal that students perceive PBL as significantly more engaging than traditional instruction, fostering enhanced motivation, deeper understanding, and collaborative competencies. Students demonstrated active engagement in higher-order cognitive processes through research activities, critical discussions, and creative project development. Collaborative dimensions particularly enhanced analytical and evaluative thinking as students examined diverse perspectives. Implementation challenges emerged, including time management difficulties, group dynamics issues, resource limitations, and presentation anxiety. These challenges highlight PBL's complexity and the need for comprehensive support systems. The study concludes that while PBL effectively promotes HOTS development in EFL contexts, successful implementation requires systematic support, including project management instruction, collaborative skills development, adequate technological resources, and continuous professional development for educators.  

The low scientific literacy of elementary school students, influenced by the use of conventional learning methods and lack of interactivity, encourages the need for new innovations based on digital technology. This study aims to test the optimization of the use of digital technology as a strategy to improve scientific literacy through a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects consisted of 60 fifth-grade students from one elementary school, namely SDN Pondok Labu 03, taken from 2 classes, each consisting of 30 students (30 students in the experimental group and 30 students in the control group). The experimental group was given a digital technology-based science learning treatment, namely a virtual laboratory (Labster), and an educational application (Quizizz), for 8 weeks, while the control group used conventional methods. The research instruments included a scientific literacy test (HOTS questions) and student activity observation sheets. Data were analyzed quantitatively using t-test and ANOVA to compare the increase in scientific literacy scores between the two groups. The results showed that the experimental group experienced a significant increase in scientific literacy scores (N-Gain 0.72) compared to the control group (N-Gain 0.32). The research conclusion proves that the systematic integration of digital technology is effective in improving the scientific literacy of elementary school students at Pondok Labu 03.

The purpose of this community service is to improve the understanding and competence of teachers at MTs in Teluk Lake District  Jambi City in compiling HOTS questions based on the independent learning curriculum. The implementation method of this community service uses participatory training, with stages of providing a pretest on the HOTS concept, providing training materials and practice in compiling HOTS questions, providing a posttest, and providing an evaluation sheet for the implementation of the training. The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistical techniques using a percentage approach and graphics in presenting data. The partners of this community service are teachers at MTs Muhammadiyah Tajurhalang Bogor. The results of this community service show that MTs in Teluk Lake District  Jambi City teachers have a good conceptual understanding of HOTS questions and increased skills in compiling HOTS questions based on the Independent Learning curriculum, so that they can be practiced in every learning evaluation in the classroom.

The workshop on the preparation of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions at MI Islamiyah Palangka Raya aims to improve the competence of educators in designing problems that challenge students' high-level thinking skills. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a participatory approach, which involves interactive lectures, group discussions, hands-on practice in the preparation of questions, and integration of learning technologies. The results of the activity showed that participants gained a better understanding of the concept of HOTS, active learning strategies, and problem preparation techniques that can develop students' critical, creative, and analytical thinking skills. Practice sessions involving the creation of questions and presentation of the results provide an opportunity for teachers to share experiences and constructive feedback. In addition, the introduction of educational applications and digital media opens up new insights into the importance of technology in supporting the learning process. Despite the challenges in mastering technology, the enthusiasm of the participants to implement technology in their learning was very high. In conclusion, this workshop makes a positive contribution to improving the professional competence of teachers, and to ensure the sustainability of the workshop results, follow-up is needed in the form of further training and support from the school.

The implementation of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)-based questions in primary school education aims to enhance students' critical and creative thinking abilities. However, the biggest challenge in its implementation is how to assess and improve students' understanding of HOTS questions. This study aims to evaluate the understanding of 6-C grade students at SDN 101766 Bandar Setia regarding HOTS questions in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) learning, identify existing gaps in understanding, and provide recommendations for more effective teaching strategies. The research method used is direct observation complemented by a HOTS questionnaire consisting of five questions focused on students' abilities in analysis, evaluation, and creation. The study participants involved 17 students from grade 6-C who were observed in November 2024. The results showed that only 23.5% of students were able to answer the questions well, while the majority, 58.8%, did not understand the questions at all. The students with moderate understanding amounted to 17.7%. Based on these results, it is recommended that HOTS questions be introduced gradually, with improvements in teaching methods and the creation of a learning environment that supports the development of students' critical thinking skills.

Tropical diseases remain a serious public health challenge in Southeast Asia, particularly malaria, which has high morbidity and mortality rates. The complexity of their spread is influenced by various factors, including climate, environment, and population, requiring a spatially-based analytical approach to understand their distribution patterns. This study aims to develop a regression-based spatial model to predict the spread of tropical diseases and identify hotspots in high-risk areas. The data used include tropical disease case reports from national health agencies, climate data (temperature, rainfall, humidity) from BMKG and WorldClim, and population data (density and mobility) from  BPS and other official sources. The analysis was conducted using a Geographic Information System GIS for spatial mapping, as well as the application of spatial regression models, namely the Spatial Lag Model SLM and Spatial Error Model SEM. The results show that the developed model is able to predict disease distribution with a high level of accuracy, demonstrated by statistical validation through AIC, and Morans I. One of the main findings is the identification of malaria hotspots with a confidence level of 93, as well as the mapping of tropical disease risk predictions covering the Southeast Asian region. These results have significant implications for public health policy, particularly in resource allocation, prevention program planning, and priority area-based interventions. Furthermore, this study recommends the integration of big data and machine learning technologies to enrich predictive models and develop more adaptive early warning systems. Thus, this research contributes to strengthening tropical disease control strategies in Southeast Asia with a comprehensive spatial data-driven approach.

Tropical forest fires pose a serious threat to ecosystem sustainability, particularly in Kalimantan, which is prone to seasonal fires. Early detection is key to prevention efforts, but conventional and satellite-based monitoring methods often face limitations, particularly in identifying small-scale hotspots obscured by forest canopies. This study aims to test the effectiveness of integrating drone technology with thermal sensors in tropical forest monitoring as an early fire detection system. The research method uses a field study design with an experimental approach. Drone flights were conducted over tropical forest areas in Kalimantan, systematically capturing thermal imagery according to a predetermined flight path. Thermal image data were analyzed to identify hotspots, then compared with satellite hotspot data (MODIS and VIIRS). Field validation was also conducted through direct temperature measurements using a portable infrared thermometer. Data analysis involved comparing detection results, accuracy testing, and measuring system sensitivity with a confusion matrix. The results showed that drones with thermal sensors were able to detect more hotspots than satellites, with a higher level of accuracy compared to field validation results. For example, in several study areas, drones successfully identified small hotspots that were not detected by satellites. This confirms that drones with thermal sensors have high sensitivity and can be used as early detection tools for tropical forest fires. In conclusion, the integration of drone technology and thermal sensors has proven effective as a monitoring system that complements satellite-based methods. Further development using big data and machine learning, as well as cross-institutional collaboration, is needed for optimal implementation on a large scale.

The implementation of HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) based PJOK learning for PJOK teachers in the Karangpucung sub-district needs to be studied to improve the quality of PJOK learning. Therefore, this research aims to find out how to implement HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) based on PJOK learning. Through this research activity, it is hoped that it will contribute to fellow PJOK teachers. This research is qualitative research with data instruments using observation, interviews, and documentation. The research was conducted for PJOK teachers in the Karangpucung sub-district. Data were analyzed using data triangulation. Data sources include school principals, fellow teachers, and FGD activities. Based on the research results, it is known that it is necessary to increase understanding regarding HOTS. Apart from that, PJOK teachers have implemented HOTS learning starting from planning, implementation, assessment, and evaluation. The research concludes that the implementation of HOTS-based PJOK learning for PJOK teachers in the Karangpucung sub-district has been implemented. This can be seen when PJOK teachers carry out planning, implementation, assessment, and evaluation of learning and have implemented HOTS

Hasil kegiatan penilaian pada materi gerak lurus peserta didik kelas MIPA 5 semester 1 tahun pelajaran 2021/2022 nampak bahwa banyak siswa yang mengalami kesulitan menyelesaikan soal-soal yang termasuk pada ranah berpikir C-4. Hal ini mencerminkan bahwa kemampuan peserta didik dalam hal keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi perlu ditingkatkan. Mengacu keadaan tersebut penulis terdorong untuk mengadakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan tujuan mengetahui sejauh mana penggunaan unit kegiatan belajar mandiri (UKBM) memberikan pengaruh pada keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi/ higher order thinking skill (HOTS) peserta didik pada materi gerak lurus. Dengan subyek penelitian peserta didik kelas MIPA 5 semester 1 SMA Takhassus Al-Qur’an tahun pelajaran 2021/2022 yang berjumlah 33 peserta didik. Penilaian diberikan pada setiap akhir siklus untuk mengukur sejauh mana keberhasilan peserta didik dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal tingkat tinggi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pada setiap siklusnya. Pada prasiklus, peserta didik yang mampu menyelesaikan soal-soal kategori HOTS adalah 13 peserta didik dari 33 peserta didik atau 39,39 %. Pada siklus I, peserta didik yang mampu menyelesaikan soal-soal kategori HOTS meningkat menjadi 22 peserta didik dari 33 peserta didik atau 67,7 %. Pada siklus II, peserta didik yang mampu menyelesaikan soal-soal kategori HOTS meningkat menjadi 30 peserta didik dari 33 peserta didik atau 91 %. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan UKBM dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi peserta didik sehingga peserta didik mampu menyelesaikan soal-soal yang menggunakan ranah berpikir C-4, C-5 dan C-6 pada taksonomi Bloom versi penyempurnaan Anderson & Krathwohl.    

The problem faced by Vocational High Schools Accounting teachers in Tulungagung Regency is that the concept of higher order thinking skills has not been implemented optimally in compiling accounting questions. The purpose of holding this community service is to increase understanding of by Vocational High Schools Accounting teachers in compiling accounting questions based on higher order thinking skills. The method of community service activities is in the form of training for members of the Vocational High Schools Accounting Teachers Organization in Tulungagung Regency. This activity consists of the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the monitoring and evaluation stage. The results of the evaluation of this activity showed that vocational Accounting teachers in Tulungagung Regency had a better understanding of the concept of higher order thinking skills and their application in compiling accounting questions.

This study aims to develop a higher order thinking skill (HOTS) test instrument which is used to measure students' critical thinking skills on circular material. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 7 Putussibau using the research and development method of the Borg and Gall research design with 10 stages, namely, potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, product revision. , trial use, product revision and mass product. But in this study only up to stage 8, namely the use trial. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it was found that the results of the validation of the HOTS test instrument from the three experts were in the valid category. While the effectiveness of the HOTS test instrument based on the results of the analysis is included in the effective category. The final form of the product of this research is the HOTS test instrument as many as 3 essay questions which are used to measure students' critical thinking skills.    

field study yang penulis lakukan di UIN STS Jambi terfokus kepada kegiatan belajar mengajar yang dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan, dari bulan April-Juni 2022 di program Pendidikan Bahasa Arab. Materi yang dibahas adalah tentang majrurat wa majzumat dengan menerapkan k-13. Kurikulum 13 menjadikan para mahasiswa untuk lebih bersikap aktif dan inovatif untuk memfokuskan kepada kompetensi sikap, pengetahuan dan juga keterampilan secara terpadu. Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan oleh penulis adalah campuran. Dengan mengetahui rata-rata nilai kelas dan mendeskripsikan hasil akhir dari penilaian yang akan dilaksanakan dengan observasi dan tes. Lalu prosedur penelitian yang akan dilakukan penulis adalah dengan cara tindakan kelas yang sudah dilaksanakan ini mencakup empat tahap, yakni : rencana, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Penilaian yang diujikan dengan soal HOTS pada mahasiswa semester 4 Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab UIN Sultan Thaha Saiffudin Jambi menghasilkan penilaian dengan nilai rata-rata kelas 80,95 yang termasuk dalam kategori grade A.