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The method applied in this study is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and this work examines the pertinent literature between 2020 and 2024. The sources included here were Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar while using the following keywords; digital communication and profitability. The findings indicate that firms that engage in anticipatory digital media communication receive higher customer interactions of between 10-30% and continued patronage and sales. Furthermore, AI and big data help organizations tailor their communication strategies, maximize CLV and minimize operation expenditures. However, the study also revealed that digital skills’ dearth and organizational reluctance to embrace digital technology are a thorn for firms, particularly MSMEs, regarding the appropriate execution of digital communication strategies. Based on the findings of this study, the conclusion is that enhanced digital communication can enhance the profitability of the company as long as adequate technological platform and increased digitization of company’s employees are in place. As for the suggestions for future research, they include examining the effects of data privacy legislation on Digital Communications Planning and analyzing how manufacturing and, especially, financial service industries can leverage Digital Technology to create a sustainable competitive advantage.

This study explores the role of transformational leadership within the context of Christian Religious Education, emphasizing its ethical foundation and implications for shaping the future of humanity. In an era marked by moral ambiguity, rapid technological progress, and declining spiritual values, Christian education faces the urgent challenge of cultivating ethical character, spiritual maturity, and social responsibility. The problem addressed in this research is the gap between leadership practices in Christian educational settings and the transformative outcomes expected in students’ moral and spiritual development. The objective of this study is to analyze how transformational leadership can be effectively applied to Christian Religious Education to foster ethical behavior and visionary thinking. Using a qualitative descriptive method supported by literature analysis and interviews with Christian educators and leaders, this research identifies core principles and strategies that align biblical teachings with transformational leadership theory. The findings reveal that transformational leaders who model Christ-centered values, inspire through vision, and mentor with compassion significantly impact learners’ ethical formation and worldview. The synthesis of ideas highlights the integration of faith, leadership, and pedagogy as a holistic approach to addressing the ethical and existential challenges of the 21st century. In conclusion, transformational leadership within Christian Religious Education is essential in guiding learners toward a life of purpose, integrity, and contribution to a humane and spiritually grounded society.

Indonesia's micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) continue to encounter a range of obstacles, particularly in enhancing their productivity and competitiveness. The 2020 survey conducted by the Ministry of Education and Cultural Affairs indicates that Indonesia still has substantial challenges in terms of education quality, especially in rural and underdeveloped urban areas. Several factors, such as the availability of high-quality education, access to educational resources, and the level of teaching excellence, can significantly impact individuals' capacity to effectively manage their enterprises and promote innovation (Kemendikbud RI, 2020). This study investigates the link between knowledge sharing practices, innovation, and employee performance within Indonesian MSMEs. Through exploratory analysis, it offers fresh insights into how innovation and knowledge sharing behaviour can affect employee performance in Indonesian MSMEs. The main objective is to analyse and explore the impact of innovation and information sharing behaviours on employee performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. Based on this research and its findings, several strategies have been identified. These strategies aim to explore the complex relationship between an employee's performance, their willingness to share knowledge, and their ability to demonstrate innovative behaviours in MSMEs. Future study could focus on improving the quality of human resources, specifically in areas such as knowledge, expertise, competence, and entrepreneurial attitude. Investing in the development of human resources yields benefits for both MSME business owners and the overall well-being of workers..

This study aims to analyze the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) and its contribution to enhancing organizational performance using a bibliometric approach. The research method involves analyzing data from Scopus and Crossref databases with the help of VOSviewer software to map research trends, keyword relationships, and publication distributions. The findings reveal that AI plays a significant role in optimizing HR processes, such as data-driven decision-making, productivity enhancement, and more efficient talent management. Key trends include innovations in HR practices, the utilization of big data, and sustainability practices (green HRM). The analysis identifies a significant increase in publications since 2020, reflecting growing academic interest in this topic. This research provides practical significance by helping organizations understand the strategic benefits of AI in addressing HR challenges and driving sustainable performance. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference for future research exploring AI implementation across various organizational contexts.

This research aims to explore, analyze, and formulate ALCPT passing score standards for prospective officers graduating from the Naval Academy regarding improving the quality and abilities of AAL cadets as well as improving the quality of the Naval Academy Institute. This research uses a Development or Research and Development approach. The findings of this research indicate that the ALCPT passing score standards are focused on the skills to read and understand question texts that are linear and relevant to the future needs of cadets. So that cadets after completing their education at the Naval Academy are ready to become officers who master English both theoretically and practically, even in understanding grammar. So, the standard ALCPT passing score for AAL Cadets can be a reference or basis for cadets to improve their English language skills in later service so that English is positioned as the main medium in international communication. These findings have implications for the importance of academic policy from the leadership of the Naval Academy, in this case, the Governor of AAL, for developing curriculum, syllabus, teaching materials, learning strategies, and methodologies, as an effort to formulate standards for ALCPT cadet passing scores.

Teacher leadership is critical in shaping the educational environment and promoting positive change within schools. Teacher leadership fosters educational innovation and creates supportive learning environments. This study investigates the self-perceived leadership qualities of pre-service teachers, focusing on essential domains of teacher leadership, including self-awareness, leading change, communication, diversity, instructional proficiency, continuous improvement, and self-organization. Utilizing a structured survey instrument adopted and adapted from TLSA (Teacher Leadership Self-Assessment) by Katzenmeyer and Moller (2009). Data was gathered from a sample of teacher candidates to assess their competencies in these domains. The teacher candidates were the final-year Primary Teacher Education Program students at Esa Unggul University.  The findings indicate varying levels of readiness among the participants. The categorical analysis provides insights into specific areas where future teachers demonstrate potential and highlights domains where further development may be beneficial. This research contributes to the understanding of teacher leadership in the context of teacher preparation programs and underscores the importance of targeted support in nurturing well-rounded teacher leaders. Implications for curriculum adjustments and the integration of leadership training in teacher education programs are discussed.

This seminar entitled “The Important Role of Facebook Ads as a Marketing Strategy for MA Darul Arqam Students”, was attended by 32 participants consisting of XII social studies students. The purpose of the seminar was to increase students' understanding of the use of Facebook Ads as an effective marketing tool in business. Problems faced by students include a lack of knowledge about digital marketing and limited access to information regarding marketing strategies. Many students do not understand how to optimally use social media such as Facebook Ads for promotion. The benefits of this seminar include an increased understanding of students in managing digital ads and an understanding of market segmentation. By utilizing Facebook Ads, students are expected to implement modern and efficient marketing strategies, increasing competitiveness in the business world. In addition, the knowledge gained can be used to promote their school products or independent businesses in the future, making them better prepared to face challenges in the digital era.

The training titled "Innovative Studentpreneur: Integrating Design Thinking into the Business World" is designed as a solution to enhance students' entrepreneurial competencies through creative and innovative approaches. This training focuses on providing an in-depth understanding of the principles of design thinking to create business ideas that are both solution-oriented and sustainable, thus fostering the development of competitive ventures. The target participants of this training are final-year students from the Faculty of Economics at Universitas Nasional PASIM Bandung, located at Jalan Dakota No. 8A, Bandung. This training aligns with the vision and mission of both the university and the faculty, which aim to produce graduates capable of creating businesses and becoming studentpreneurs. The training is designed to be engaging and interactive by combining various methods such as discussions, simulations, and lectures to enhance participant involvement. Based on the implementation of this Community Service (Abdimas) activity, it can be concluded that the event met the needs of the partner, Universitas Nasional Pasim, and that the material presented was well understood by the participants. However, for future Abdimas activities, it is recommended to focus on more technical training, such as the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI), data analysis techniques, and the use of Microsoft Office, especially Excel. This training is expected to continue supporting the development of students' skills and their relevance to the demands of the workforce.

This study investigates the impact of real and accrual earnings management on idiosyncratic risk, with a focus on the moderating role of good corporate governance, proxied by managerial ownership, in manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2022. Using moderated regression analysis, the findings reveal that both real and accrual earnings management practices negatively affect idiosyncratic risk, suggesting that earnings management may serve as a risk mitigation tool under efficient contracting perspectives. However, managerial ownership exhibits divergent effects: while it strengthens the risk-reducing impact of real earnings management, it unexpectedly amplifies the idiosyncratic risk associated with accrual earnings management, potentially due to managerial motivations to meet financial targets. These results highlight the complex role of corporate governance in earnings management, as it may act as both a stabilizing and risk-amplifying factor depending on the type of earnings management practiced. The study underscores the need for stakeholders to critically evaluate earnings management and corporate governance practices, while encouraging future research to include additional variables to further explain idiosyncratic risk determinants. The study's Adjusted R Square value of 8.1% indicates that other significant factors affecting idiosyncratic risk were not captured in this analysis.

This research is motivated by the low number of sales of typical food products in Dua Koto District, which is caused by the lack of promotion and innovation of products. The purpose of this research is to analyse the right strategy to increase product sales in the future. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the most effective strategy is the ST strategy, which utilises existing strengths to overcome various threats that arise. This strategy includes increasing promotions, product innovation, and improving service quality to make products more competitive in the market. With the implementation of this strategy, it is expected that managers and sellers of typical food products can be more active in promoting their products, both through social media and direct marketing. In addition, innovations in packaging and product variations also need to be considered in order to attract more consumers. If this strategy is implemented optimally, it is expected that the number of sales of typical food products in Kecamatan Dua Koto will increase significantly in the future.

This community service program aims to equip students with knowledge and skills relevant to facing the challenges of the digital workforce. The activity was attended by 40 students, with materials covering four main topics: Understanding the Digital Era Workforce, Key Soft Skills for the Digital Era, Building Competencies for the Digital Workforce, and Preparing for Career Success. In addition, participants were guided in creating an individual Action Plan to prepare themselves for career success in the future. The methods used in this program included material presentations, interactive discussions, and the development of personal action plans, aiming to enhance both technical and non-technical skills needed in the digital workforce. Evaluation results show that 75% of students rated the material as excellent, 20% as good, and 5% found it somewhat beneficial. This indicates the program’s success in providing significant value to participants. This program is expected to enhance students' readiness to enter the increasingly digital and technology-driven job market, while providing valuable insights for planning and developing their careers. Moving forward, this activity can serve as a model for developing more effective community service programs that align with the needs of the modern workforce.

Innovation in service delivery is essential for the progress of the public sector, particularly in the issuance of death certificates by the Bandung City Population and Civil Registration Office (Disdukcapil). This study aims to identify and evaluate service innovations in this field, focusing on their impact on efficiency and user satisfaction. Using a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach, data were collected through direct observation, staff interviews, and document review. Findings reveal that Disdukcapil has implemented innovations like an online messaging and registration system, enabling citizens to apply for death certificates online, upload required documents, and complete electronic payments. These changes have reportedly enhanced service delivery, with user feedback indicating improved accessibility and time savings. However, challenges such as initial user adaptation and technical constraints were encountered, which affected the implementation process. This research highlights the sustainable benefits of service innovation in public administration, offering insights for further improvements in future practices..

Teenagers today are filled with a number of rapid technological changes and developments. From a financial perspective, teenagers at this stage have a growing ability to understand the principles of saving and spending money, not only the basics, but also long-term goals. The three main areas that parents should focus on are income, savings, and responsible spending (shopping or investment). Problems that often occur in society (including teenagers) are such as wasteful living (lifestyle), online loan debt, and being trapped in online gambling. The emergence of several entertainment venues, cafes, and angkringan makes spending difficult for teenagers to control. The methods used in this service are lectures, simulations, discussions and questions and answers regarding the usefulness and benefits of understanding financial literacy. The results of this service show the different nature and patterns of financial management of teenagers requiring presentation patterns that need to be adjusted. In the implementation of the activity, there were participants (some) who were more enthusiastic or serious about this series of training. Presenters (speakers) require the application of andragogy model learning. This model is intended so that the presenter (material provider) and participants are not bored, comfortable in communicating and feedback appears quickly. In the future, training or workshops will be more directed to more technical or specific, for example capital market investment, mutual funds or other investment models.

Children's emotional development during childhood is a very important basis in forming attitudes, values ​​and behavior in the future. Parenting styles play a very important role in the formation and emotional development of children. This research examines various types of parenting patterns applied by parents and their impact on children's psychological well-being. Based on literature analysis from ten journals, it was found that positive parenting styles, such as authoritative, can support the development of children's emotional regulation and self-confidence. On the other hand, authoritarian or permissive parenting can actually hinder a child's ability to express emotions in a healthy way. The results of this study show that early social experiences and a positive family environment greatly influence children's emotional development, which ultimately has an impact on their success in the future. This research highlights the importance of parental attention in implementing parenting patterns that support children's emotional

This study explored the adaptation strategies of pre-service English teachers during their teaching practicum (PPL) in junior high schools implementing the Kurikulum Merdeka framework. The aim of the study is to explore how pre-service English teachers integrate the flexible and student-centered curriculum while adjusting to a variety of problems in a real-world classroom environment. Semi-structured interviews and non-participant observations were used in this qualitative study to collect data from six pre-service teachers. The results showed that pre-service teachers used a variety of strategies to deal with procedural, managerial, psychological, instructional, and cultural obstacles, such as reflective practices, collaborative mentoring, and differentiated instruction. In addition to highlighting the necessity of successfully promoting Kurikulum Merdeka, the study emphasizes the value of mentorship and reflective practices in promoting professional development. These findings help to enhance programs for preparing future teachers and offer insightful advice to pre-service English teachers as they enter into professional teaching roles.

This research examines the application of contextual theology in the organisation of worship and the discipleship process as an effort by the church to remain relevant in the face of social and cultural dynamics and the times. Through a comprehensive literature review, this research integrates various theories and models, including translation, anthropology, praxis, synthetic, and transcendental models, to reveal how the church can translate the teachings of the Christian faith adaptively and thoroughly. Contextualised worship does not only serve as a religious ritual, but also as a means of interaction between faith and the daily life of the congregation, thus encouraging active engagement and continuous spiritual growth. In addition, structured and holistic discipleship has proven effective in shaping character, faith maturity, and spiritual leadership, through the integration of spiritual, intellectual, and emotional aspects. The research also discusses the evolution of worship practices from the Old Testament to the New Testament, as well as identifying contemporary challenges such as the shift between traditional and modern worship. The results show that the implementation of church principles that are constantly renewed is key to success in maintaining fidelity to biblical values while remaining responsive to changing times. Future research recommendations include empirical studies across different cultural backgrounds, comparative analysis of contextual worship models, evaluation of discipleship programmes, and exploration of technology integration in worship settings. The findings make a significant contribution to the development of church practices that are inclusive, adaptive, and able to build vibrant communities of faith that are responsive to today's global challenges. The research also highlights the importance of inter-generational dialogue and community strengthening through innovative ministry activities, thereby encouraging positive social transformation and supporting the sustainability of the church's mission in an era of complex globalisation. The findings affirm the commitment of the real church.

System dynamic models have been recognized as an effective approach in projecting and designing sustainable urban waste management systems. This study aims to explore the potential of system dynamic modeling in urban waste management. This study uses a literature study method with a qualitative descriptive approach that refers to various relevant previous studies. The results of the literature study show that the system dynamic model is able to map the complex relationships between variables in the waste management system, such as population growth, waste production, waste processing capacity, environmental impacts, and others. In addition, the system dynamic model can project future waste management conditions and prepare the most effective policy scenarios. Through simulations of various policy scenarios, the system dynamic model can provide insight into the impact of each scenario, both in terms of technical efficiency, operational costs, and reduction of waste generation in landfills. In implementing policy scenarios, collaboration between the government, community, and stakeholders is also needed in optimizing waste management programs.

The fusion of cultural heritage and digital technology has opened up new opportunities in the art of motifs and pottery making. This article explores design innovations that utilize digital technology to recreate traditional motifs in ceramic crafts. The research examines how techniques such as parametric design, 3D printing, and virtual reality can be used to preserve, adapt, and introduce cultural motifs to a wider audience. Case studies from several traditional artisan communities are analyzed to understand the impact of technology on the creative process, production efficiency, and preservation of cultural values. The results show that the integration of digital technology not only increases design flexibility but also strengthens the connection between tradition and modern innovation. This article provides important insights into the role of digital technology in fostering the sustainability of traditional crafts, while motivating future cross-disciplinary collaborations.

Education is the main key in building an intelligent and competitive generation. However, in remote areas such as Werwaru Village, Southwest Maluku, the challenges in education are quite significant, especially in increasing children's interest in learning. Gaps in facilities, lack of motivation, and limited resources are the main obstacles to their academic development. This research aims to explore the role of free tutoring activities carried out by KKN students at Pattimura University PSDKU MBD in increasing children's interest in learning in Werwaru Village. This program is carried out for 30 days with a frequency of three times a week and involves various interactive and creative learning methods, such as group learning, personal approaches, and educational games. The research results showed an increase in children's motivation and enthusiasm for learning, which was reflected in improvements in understanding of subject matter and increased student test scores. However, challenges related to program sustainability remain a major concern, especially after KKN students complete their assignments. This research suggests the need for partnerships with local institutions to ensure this program can continue to run and have a positive impact on future generations.

This study explores the impact of cybersecurity risk disclosure on customer-supplier relationships in corporate supply chains through a qualitative literature review approach. The findings reveal that transparency in cybersecurity risk disclosure enhances trust, relationship stability, and operational efficiency within supply chains. Conversely, a lack of disclosure or poor risk management can damage reputations, create uncertainty, and weaken collaboration between business partners. The study also highlights the importance of adequate regulations, risk mitigation strategies, and the adoption of new technologies in managing cybersecurity. While offering significant insights, this study has limitations, including reliance on secondary literature and variations in industry contexts. Future research is recommended to include empirical testing and the exploration of new technologies to strengthen cybersecurity risk management in supply chains.