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This study analyzes the sociolinguistic phenomena of code-switching and code-mixing in the academic context of students in Pekalongan, Central Java. As a region with diverse backgrounds dominated by the Pekalongan dialect (Ngapak Javanese), interactions between students create space for complex language dynamics. This study aims to identify variations, roles, and factors that cause code-switching and code-mixing in student interactions. The method applied is descriptive qualitative with data collection through inactive participant observation, recording, and in-depth interviews at various universities in Pekalongan. Data analysis is carried out through the steps of data reduction, data presentation, and verification using triangulation techniques. The results show that the application of language codes is divided into two categories: an internal category that includes Indonesian and regional languages (Javanese), and an external category that includes foreign languages (English or Arabic). Code-mixing can be found at the word, phrase, and clause levels. The main factors that drive this phenomenon include participants, conversation themes, situational circumstances, and the purpose of communication in building solidarity among group members (ingroup).  The Pekalongan dialect plays a crucial role as a means of communication to build closeness and demonstrate local identity, amidst the need to use formal language on campus. This research concludes that code-switching and code-mixing are not merely linguistic phenomena, but also ways in which students adapt socially to balance their cultural identity with academic demands.  

This study analyzes the sociolinguistic phenomena of code-switching and code-mixing in the academic context of students in Pekalongan, Central Java. As a region with diverse backgrounds dominated by the Pekalongan dialect (Ngapak Javanese), interactions between students create space for complex language dynamics. This study aims to identify variations, roles, and factors that cause code-switching and code-mixing in student interactions. The method applied is descriptive qualitative with data collection through inactive participant observation, recording, and in-depth interviews at various universities in Pekalongan. Data analysis is carried out through the steps of data reduction, data presentation, and verification using triangulation techniques. The results show that the application of language codes is divided into two categories: an internal category that includes Indonesian and regional languages (Javanese), and an external category that includes foreign languages (English or Arabic). Code-mixing can be found at the word, phrase, and clause levels. The main factors that drive this phenomenon include participants, conversation themes, situational circumstances, and the purpose of communication in building solidarity among group members (ingroup).  The Pekalongan dialect plays a crucial role as a means of communication to build closeness and demonstrate local identity, amidst the need to use formal language on campus. This research concludes that code-switching and code-mixing are not merely linguistic phenomena, but also ways in which students adapt socially to balance their cultural identity with academic demands.  

This study is a scholarly work by a student of the Early Childhood Education Teacher Education Program, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, supervised by Dra. Rapi Us. Djuko as the first advisor and Mr. Nunung Suryana Jamin, SE, M.Si as the second advisor. The objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of foreign language development achievements among early childhood learners in Group B at TK Nurul Ilmih. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation as data collection methods. A total of 22 children participated as the primary subjects and were actively involved throughout the observation process. The research focused on several linguistic aspects, including language comprehension, verbal expression, basic vocabulary usage, pronunciation ability, and children's responses to bilingual instructions (in both Indonesian and English). The findings indicate that the children’s foreign language development falls within the "developing as expected" category, although it has not yet reached an optimal level. Some children still encounter difficulties in pronouncing English vocabulary, constructing simple sentences, and understanding verbal commands. Several factors influence the progress of their language development, including family background, parenting style, the intensity of teacher-provided stimulation, and habitual exposure to foreign languages in daily school activities. The study concludes that consistent, engaging, and developmentally appropriate stimulation from both teachers and parents plays a crucial role in fostering bilingual proficiency in early childhood.

In German language courses at universities, students must learn four skills: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. To master these four skills, students must have a good command of vocabulary, as this is the foundation needed to master the German language. This software does not require programming code, so users can easily add graphics and sounds to the game. Without vocabulary, skills such as reading, writing, speaking, and listening cannot be performed. This study aims to create a Construct 2 application that can be used by college students to increase their A1 level German vocabulary. The data for this study is A1 level German vocabulary with the theme “Guten Appetit,” and another source of data is the book “Netzwerk neu A1 Kursbuch” published by Ernst Klett Sprachen GmbH in 2019. This research will be conducted in the foreign language laboratory at UNIMED. The application will be tested by subject matter experts and learning media experts. This research will be published in a nationally indexed journal.

This research explores the dual impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the academic writing experiences of English Literature students learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). AI tools like ChatGPT, Grammarly, and QuillBot are commonly used for grammar correction and sentence construction. These tools are integrated into students' writing processes, providing valuable assistance in refining their written work. However, their psychological effects, particularly in terms of emotional and ethical implications, have not been sufficiently explored in previous research. This study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach, utilizing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), to examine the experiences of ten final-year EFL students who actively use AI tools for academic writing. Through semi-structured interviews, the research identified three major themes: reduced technical stress, heightened dependency on AI tools, and ethical concerns about authorship. The findings suggest that while AI tools act as cognitive scaffolds, aiding students by improving fluency and reducing the burden of technical writing tasks, they also introduce psychological challenges. These challenges include increased dependency on the tools and concerns about the authenticity of their work, raising questions about academic integrity and self-efficacy. This study sheds light on the complex relationship between AI as an assistive technology and its potential to cause writing anxiety and dependency. By emphasizing both the positive and negative psychological impacts of AI, the study contributes to the growing body of literature on AI in education. It calls for the development of pedagogical frameworks that balance AI literacy, emotional resilience, and ethical considerations to ensure responsible and effective use of AI in academic contexts.

This study examines youth slang (Jugendsprache) in the film Into the Beat (2020) through semantic and morphological approaches. The background of the research is based on the phenomenon of youth language development, which is dynamic, creative, and rich in socio-cultural meaning, yet often difficult for foreign speakers to understand. Youth language is chosen as the object of study because it reflects identity, group solidarity, and the communicative creativity of young people, and frequently appears in media, particularly films. The theoretical framework refers to experts’ perspectives on the characteristics of youth language, including the use of Anglicisms, abbreviations, metaphorization, and the formation of neologisms. The research method applied is descriptive qualitative, with data sources taken from the dialogues and subtitles of the film Into the Beat. The analysis is carried out based on Helmut Henne’s theory of youth language characteristics. The results reveal that youth slang in the film functions not only as a means of communication but also as a medium of emotional expression, lifestyle, and identity construction among German adolescents. Vocabulary such as alter, bro, krass, cool, and scheiße demonstrates creativity in morphological processes, including abbreviation, prefixation, and borrowing from foreign languages. The study concludes that youth slang plays an essential role in shaping characters, inter-character relationships, and the authenticity of the storyline. Furthermore, youth language reflects the evolving cultural and social dynamics of adolescents. This research is expected to contribute to linguistic studies, particularly semantics, and to serve as a valuable resource in German language learning by expanding vocabulary and fostering an understanding of authentic communication patterns among German teenagers.

This study aims to analyze the role of trainees in supporting the quality of concierge services at Lorin Solo Hotel. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, collecting data through observation, interviews, and literature review, with participants consisting of concierge trainees, bellcaptains, and the trainee coordinator. The findings reveal that trainees play a crucial role in daily concierge operations, such as welcoming guests, assisting with luggage, providing basic information, and supporting light administrative tasks. Their presence helps speed up service delivery, reduce the workload of permanent staff, and strengthen guest interaction, particularly during high season periods. However, several challenges were identified, including limited experience and practical skills, insufficient knowledge of hotel products and local destinations, lack of active supervision, and short internship durations. These factors impact certain service dimensions, such as assurance and reliability. The study recommends comprehensive pre-placement training, the development of specific SOPs for concierge trainees, improvement in foreign language skills, and regular mentoring from senior staff. These measures are expected to enhance trainee professionalism and overall concierge service quality.

This study analyzes the quality of content and the ineffectiveness of sentences in opinion texts found on the "Liputan6.com" website in February 2025 as reading material and sources of information for students. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods and a syntactic approach. Qualitative research and syntactic approaches are used to analyze the quality of content and effective sentences. The research data is the result of identifying ineffective sentences used in opinion texts on the "Liputan6.com" website, February 2025 Edition as reading material and a source of information for students. The data collection technique in this study uses a syntactic approach in the form of listening and note-taking techniques. In this study, data presentation was carried out using informal methods. The data is presented in a table containing several ineffective sentences and their corrections. The results of the analysis of opinion texts found on the February 2025 edition of the "Liputan6.com" website found 263 structured sentences, consisting of 140 effective sentences and 133 ineffective sentences. From this study, ineffective sentences are classified into 5 categories, namely 14 ineffective sentences due to excessive use of words, 19 due to inappropriate word choice, 12 due to use of foreign languages, 5 due to inappropriate use of conjunctions, 9 due to illogical sentences, 6 due to incorrect use of punctuation, 3 due to use of sentences that are too simple. This study can help writers pay attention to how they write opinion texts that are in accordance with linguistic rules and are useful as a guideline for writing effective sentences.

Student motivation is crucial to success in learning a foreign language. This study focuses on analyzing the motivation of students studying Indonesian as a foreign language in the Bipas in-country learning program at Udayana University in Bali. Specifically, the study is aimed at investigating the motivations of foreign students learning Indonesian in the program, and whether students' learning motivation shifts by the end of the course. The study involved 38 foreign students and five Indonesian lecturers during the Spring 2024 semester as respondents, and applied an explanatory sequential mixed methods design which consists of two phases, namely a quantitative phase and a qualitative phase to collect data. The results show that, despite strong support from the Balinese community for using the Indonesian language, students' motivation shifted from instrumental to integrative at the end of the course. Integrative motivation, which is prevalent, is defined as a desire to connect with the culture and community. Instrumental motivation ,on the other hand,  such as the expectation that learning Indonesian will open up career opportunities or improve social status, remains relatively low. To increase overall motivation, the learning programme should combine the two types of motivation, strengthening the sense of social connection and emphasising the practical value and tangible benefits of learning Indonesian.

This study investigates the effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR) based activities in supporting vocabulary retention, motivation, and engagement in foreign language learning. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test–post-test control group was employed, involving university students enrolled in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) courses. The experimental group engaged in AR-supported vocabulary learning, while the control group used conventional methods such as flashcards and text-based materials. Data were collected through vocabulary tests, motivation and engagement questionnaires, and classroom observations. The findings indicate that AR significantly enhanced vocabulary retention, with students in the experimental group outperforming those in the control group. AR also increased learners’ motivation by providing immersive and enjoyable learning experiences, and it fostered greater engagement as students actively interacted with digital media. These results support the integration of AR into language learning as an effective instructional approach that combines contextualization, interactivity, and gamification. The study contributes to the growing body of research on technology-enhanced learning and highlights the pedagogical potential of AR in modern language education.

This study investigates the impact of Thai students' first language (L1) on their English pronunciation within the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at Bakong Pitthaya School in Thailand. The researcher used a descriptive qualitative method design on a case study with Contrastive Analysis Theory on English pronunciation. Recorded interviews and pronunciation testing were the main techniques of data collection instruments. The subjects of this research were secondary grade students of Bakong Pitthaya School Pattani, Thailand. The results of this study aimed to provide actionable recommendations for the teachers to enhance pronunciation instruction and improve student pronunciation skill. This research contributes to the understanding of L1 influence on L2 pronunciation, offering insights that can inform teaching practices in similar EFL contexts.

This study analyzes the use of non-standard words in a thesis entitled "Effectiveness of Waste Management Based on Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (TPS 3R) Waste Disposal Sites at TPS Jokotole, Barurambat Timur Village, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency". The use of language is an essential thing in communicating, both orally and in writing to convey messages and information so that they are conveyed effectively. However, language errors are often found, especially the use of non-standard words, even by someone who has a deep understanding of Indonesian language rules. The use of standard language is very important to avoid misunderstandings, especially in the context of scientific writing such as theses. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collected then analyzed, classified, and evaluated standard and non-standard vocabulary based on KBBI. The results of this study indicate that many uses of non-standard words include errors in phonology, morphology, use of the preposition "di", punctuation, and non-standard spelling errors, as well as word wasting. These errors are mostly caused by habits, the influence of foreign languages, and a lack of understanding of standard language rules. The research findings highlight the importance of understanding the application of standard language rules in scientific writing to improve the quality of students' writing.  

This study aims to thoroughly examine the phenomenon of the use of standard and non-standard words found in various types of written texts in public spaces, particularly in promotional media and visual information. The method employed is qualitative descriptive with a content analysis approach. Data were obtained through direct observation of visual elements in public spaces and analyzed with the support of literature from previous studies, including social media posts that reflect the everyday language habits of the community. The study focuses on various visual media such as banners and business signboards that display language use. The results indicate a significant gap between the language rules stipulated in the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling (PUEBI) and the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) and the language practices developed in society. Several factors influencing the use of non-standard words include the community's habitual use of certain forms, the inheritance of habits from previous generations, and the influence of foreign languages and local dialects. The consequences of this phenomenon may include misunderstandings in communication and challenges in maintaining the standard and purity of Indonesian as the national language.  

This research was conducted at the Foreign Language Laboratory of the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Medan, with the aim of developing a student worksheet (LKPD) for learning the topic "Guten Tag" for Grade XI students in the first semester. The worksheet was designed based on the ADDIE development model, which consists of five phases: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The data for this research were sourced from the textbook Netzwerk Neu A1, specifically from pages 8–17, which cover the subtopics: greetings and farewells, introducing oneself and others, and asking about and responding to well-being. The developed worksheet was evaluated by a content expert and a media expert. The content expert assigned a score of 87.5, which falls into the “good” category, while the media expert assigned a score of 92.8, categorized as “very good”. The worksheet was also implemented and evaluated with a group of ten students from MAN 1 Medan, yielding an average score of 86.95, indicating it is “very suitable”. These findings suggest that the worksheet is appropriate for supporting A1-level German language instruction and can serve as an alternative teaching material for enhancing vocabulary, grammar understanding, and communicative competence in contextually relevant situations.

This research discusses the comparison of Mandarin curriculum in six ASEAN member countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines. Mandarin is increasingly considered strategic in the ASEAN region as economic, educational and cultural ties with China increase. However, teaching approaches and curriculum policies in each country show significant variations. This research uses the literature review method to analyze the policies, curriculum structure, teaching methods, and challenges faced in each country. The results show that Singapore and Malaysia have the most structured and responsive approaches, while countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines still face various barriers in the provision of learning infrastructure and teaching staff. This study recommends the importance of regional collaboration in the development of curriculum standards, teacher training, and the development of contextualized teaching materials so that the quality of Chinese language learning in the ASEAN region can be improved equally.

This study aims to analyze the views and attitudes of the community towards the use of Indonesian in everyday life, and to identify the factors that influence it from social, cultural, educational, and media aspects. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and interviews with 10 respondents from the community who use Indonesian and regional languages. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian plays an important role as a national identity, a unifying tool, and a reflection of the nation's culture. However, the influence of globalization and the development of digital technology have caused a shift in language attitudes, marked by the increasing use of foreign languages ​​and slang in everyday communication. However, there is still a high level of awareness in some communities to use Indonesian properly and correctly. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening language literacy through education and media so that Indonesian remains existent, adaptive, and dignified in the modern era.

The evaluation of textbooks is a strategic step to ensure the alignment of instructional materials with curricular goals and the needs of learners. In the context of teaching Arabic at the university level, writing skills (mahārah kitābah) are an essential component in shaping productive and communicative language abilities. This study aims to evaluate the representation and development of writing skills in the Arabic Language Book Marhalah Three, published by the Language Center of UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau in 2018. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a document analysis method. Data were collected through content analysis of the textbook using a foreign language textbook evaluation rubric, which includes aspects such as content, instructional approach, and the suitability of the material to students' competencies. The findings indicate that although the book is organized with a systematic instructional structure and thematically relevant content, the development of writing skills is still primarily based on a structural approach and lacks diverse, communicative exercises. These findings suggest the need for improvement in the textbook by integrating communicative, integrative, and contextual approaches in order to enhance the effectiveness of mahārah kitābah instruction in higher education settings.

This study discusses the limitations faced by young people in facing the dilemma of standardization of labor recruitment, with a case study on the implementation of the Job Fair held by the Manpower Office (Disnaker) in Bekasi. In an era of an increasingly competitive labor market, the recruitment process tends to refer to certain formal standards that do not always reflect the real potential of young job seekers, especially those from lower-middle economic backgrounds. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through field observations, in-depth interviews with job fair participants, and documentation of materials and selection mechanisms used by companies. The results of the study indicate that many young people experience obstacles in meeting administrative and technical standards, such as expertise certification, work experience, and foreign language-based communication skills, which are now dominant requirements in labor selection. The gap between the actual abilities of young people and the demands of the labor market indicates hidden social exclusion in the recruitment system. These findings also highlight the minimal role of the state in equipping young people with skills that are in accordance with industry needs. This study recommends that the government not only facilitate recruitment through job fairs, but also be active in building a vocational training system based on local needs and reformulating a selection mechanism that is more inclusive and fair for all levels of youth.

This study investigates the implementation and effectiveness of artificial intelligence-driven adaptive learning platforms in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms across urban and rural Indonesian educational settings. Through a mixed-methods approach involving 247 students and 12 teachers from eight institutions, this research comparatively analyzes three prominent AI language learning platforms: LinguaLearn AI, AdaptEd English, and AI Tutor Pro. The findings reveal significant differences in learning outcomes, with AI-enhanced platforms demonstrating a 27% improvement in language proficiency compared to traditional methods. However, implementation challenges including digital literacy barriers, internet connectivity issues, and cultural adaptation requirements were identified, particularly in rural contexts. The study proposes a contextually responsive framework for integrating AI language learning technologies in developing EFL environments, contributing to the growing discourse on educational technology in linguistically diverse settings. This research highlights the potential of AI to personalize language acquisition while emphasizing the necessity of culturally and infrastructurally appropriate implementation strategies.

Language is closely related to social and cultural aspects, including in the process of learning foreign languages such as Mandarin. Effective Chinese language learning does not only focus on linguistic aspects, but also requires an understanding of the culture of origin of the language. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the application of culture-based learning in increasing motivation to learn Chinese. The method used is literature study or library research, with documentation technique as data collection method and content analysis technique as data analysis method. Based on the analysis of twelve research articles, it was found that the integration of cultural elements such as traditional games, visual media, and Chinese pop culture can create a learning experience that is fun, interesting, and encourages students' curiosity towards Chinese. In conclusion, culture-based learning is proven to have a positive influence on motivation to learn Chinese and can be used as an alternative teaching strategy that is more contextual and fun.