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International Trade is an economic transaction carried out between countries. Among the items commonly stored are consumer goods, such as televisions and clothing; capital goods, such as machinery, raw materials and food. In almost all countries, international trade is an effort to increase GDP. Economic growth is an increase in the ability of a country's economy to produce both goods and services in quantity. In general, the high or low population of a country, the birth rate and death rate greatly influence a country's economy because productivity, education, and investment in physical capital since improving longevity create greater needs. The type of research used is qualitative research, qualitative research is research that produces several findings that cannot be obtained using statistical procedures or quantitative methods. With the existence of International Business in Indonesia, Economic Growth will increase. The reason is that the supply and increase for foreign products from the Indonesian people will continue to increase. For this reason, companies or industries in Indonesia will often experience increases and growth, such as the development of the textile, shrimp, coffee and so on industries. With the existence of international business, the prosperity and welfare of society in Indonesia is developing well due to the opening of various kinds of employment opportunities, so that there can be a reduction in the level of poverty in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine the effect of independent variables (Foreign Exchange Reserves, Foreign Direct Investment, Inflation Rate, and Interest Rate) on the dependent variable (Import Value) in Indonesia for the last five years. This study uses quantitative analysis with descriptive methods used to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of Foreign Exchange Reserves (X1), Foreign Direct Investment (X2), Inflation Rate (X3), Interest Rate (X4), and Import Value (Y). Panel data regression analysis was used with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the variables of Foreign Exchange Reserves, Foreign Direct Investment, Inflation Rate, and Interest Rate had no significant effect on Import Value in Indonesia. Foreign Exchange Reserves, Foreign Direct Investment, Inflation Rate, and Interest Rate simultaneously have a significant effect on Import Value in Indonesia.

 This article discusses the dynamics of the development of mining management policies in Indonesia. Where mining activities in Indonesia itself have been going on for a long time. The study of this article shows mining regulatory policies in Indonesia to date, which have experienced many ups and downs in several regions of Indonesia. Starting from the licensing system, utilization of natural resources, policies towards mine workers and several other things, both national and international companies. The various dynamics of these developments show that mineral and coal mining is always seen as a strategic commodity economic center so it is worth fighting over, especially Indonesia which has a lot of natural resources whether it was once by domestic or foreign entrepreneurs and even recently by the central and regional governments, and the law was then held to support these goals.

This research aims to determine foreign currency transactions that occur at PT. Ramayana Lestari Sentosa Tbk in its financial reports is because countries have different currency values. Foreign currency transactions at this company involve the sale and purchase of currency to support business needs and control company risks. The data collection technique used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the discussion stated that, PT. Ramayana Lestari Sentosa Tbk noted that foreign currency transactions occur due to import-export, foreign funding and foreign investment. Foreign currency transactions are important in company risk management as a source of good financial strategy.

Multinational corporations are involved in a country's economic sector because they are important in absorbing labor and increasing a country's per capita income. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of detailed knowledge about multinational companies that may have some impact on Indonesia's economy. The research method used is a qualitative research method using the technique of collecting library research data using multiple references and information from relevant institutions of the Indonesian economy. The findings show that the role of multinational corporations has both positive and negative impacts. On the positive side, the role of Multinationals could provide Indonesia with adequate opportunities to develop the country's economic sector through Indonesia's foreign exchange contributions. Apart from that, Indonesia is attracting attention from other countries as other countries believe that Indonesia can increase foreign investment due to Indonesia's rich resource potential and emphasis on labor wages in developing countries like Indonesia increasingly recognized. On the negative side, the Indonesian government does not emphasize multinational companies in terms of domestic trade and industry regulations, providing opportunities for domestic companies to compete domestically.

This research aims to analyze FDI, Exports, and Inflation on the Determinants of Economic Growth IMT-Gt for the 2000-2021 Period. This research uses a quantitative approach with panel data for 22 years. This research uses secondary data obtained from the World Bank. The analytical tool used in this research is SPSS 23 with multiple regression analysis techniques. The research results show that the partial FDI variable has no effect on Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. The partial inflation variable has no effect on Indonesia and Thailand. In Malaysia, the inflation variable is significant. Meanwhile, partially the Export variable has a significant impact on the Economic Growth of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Simultaneous research on the variables FDI, Exports and Inflation influence the Economic Growth of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand.    

Trade liberalization or free trade is a condition in which a country engages in trade with other nations without any barriers. The process towards achieving free trade is referred to as trade liberalization. One of the goals of trade liberalization is to promote economic growth by capturing both static and dynamic benefits of trade through more efficient allocation of resources. This research aims to examine the impact of international trade liberalization on export-import growth in five ASEAN countries. The study employs a qualitative descriptive research approach using literature review methods, drawing information from previous research journals and utilizing data obtained from the World Bank. The research is conducted in five ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The results of this research explain that trade liberalization and economic openness provide access to knowledge for developing countries and create a more competitive environment, forcing domestic producers to improve the quality of their products to remain competitive with foreign producers. Trade liberalization is associated with opening market access for a country's export products to the world. The increasing foreign investment leads to a rising flow of investment profits (income) to foreign countries

The exchange rate is the value of one unit of local currency for one unit of foreign currency. Currency exchange rates are one of the most important economic elements that affect a country. Currency changes may have a sizeable effect on various sectors of the economy, including international trade, foreign investment, inflation, and general economic stability. The analytical method used in this study is to see the effect of the inflation rate (X1) and Bank Indonesia interest rates (X2) as independent variables on the US rupiah/dollar exchange rate for the 2018 – 2022 period (Y) as the dependent variable, namely Statistical Descriptive Analysis and Regression Analysis Multiple Linear. The results of the study show that the inflation rate has a positive effect on the rupiah/US dollar exchange rate and Bank Indonesia interest rates have a negative effect on the rupiah/US dollar exchange rate.

Numerous businesses are capable of implementing a wide range of tax planning techniques. Tax avoidance, or legally lowering taxes, is one tax planning tactic. Tax avoidance strategies typically use loopholes in the tax code without breaking any of them. In addition, they use tax law gaps to perpetrate tax evasion. While this tax evasion tactic is legal, the corporation using it is still receiving funding from the state. In 2013, 832 foreign investment companies were suspected of engaging in tax fraud in Indonesia due to their five consecutive years of loss reporting and nonpayment of taxes. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the effects of capital intensity, profitability, leverage, and majority share ownership on tax evasion. The Current Effective Tax Ratio is used in this study to generate tax avoidance. Mining businesses that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2017–2021 make up the population and sample for this study. With 37 observational data points, 7 mining companies make up the research sample. A multiple linear regression model is the research methodology employed in this study. Version 22 of the IBM Statistical Package for Social Science was used to process the data for this study. The study's findings demonstrate that tax evasion is not much impacted by profitability or leverage. Conversely, capital intensity and majority share ownership have a detrimental impact on tax evasion.    

Indonesia, with its long-term economic development plan spanning 20 years, divided into five-year medium-term plans, recognizes the importance of both foreign and domestic investments in driving its economic growth. The country presents opportunities across various sectors, as the increasing income levels can influence Indonesian consumers' interest in imported products and services. However, investing in Indonesia comes with unique risks and challenges, considering the country's dynamic context. To ensure successful investments, it is crucial for investors to understand Indonesian culture and the preferences of local consumers. This understanding can help tailor products and services to suit the local market, thus enhancing the chances of success. Additionally, the Indonesian government has implemented strategies to diversify the economy, focusing on priority sectors that can further stimulate economic growth. Foreign and domestic investments play a vital role in contributing to Indonesia's economic growth. These investments not only infuse capital into the country but also bring in technological advancements, job opportunities, and knowledge transfer. To attract investments, the Indonesian government has been implementing policies to improve the ease of doing business and create a favorable investment climate.

Foreign investment in Indonesia is one of the efforts to develop the country's economy. Foreign investment is carried out by doing business in Indonesia, which is to invest in the form of foreign capital entirely or collectively with domestic investors. This practice is carried out by foreign investors with the existence of international treaty between Indonesia and its country as legal protection when investors invest in Indonesia, which can also choose a dispute resolution forum as a preventive action agreed by both parties. Through the Washington Convention, Indonesia ratified Law Number 5 of 1968 which is a form of Indonesia's commitment to resolved at the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes or ICSID. ICSID is an international arbitration institution that can be chosen based on certain provisions. This research was conducted using normative juridical method. The results are found that ICSID becomes a forum when Indonesia is in dispute with foreign investors who are also countries that ratify the Washington Convention. The Government of Indonesia has several times defended its international standing on the investment climate in the country through the ICSID forum. Therefore, this paper will examine ICSID as an investment dispute settlement institution and its practices.

International bilateral agreements in the form of investment have an important role and significance in promoting development growth and economic progress. Through such agreements, the host country has the opportunity to attract foreign investors to operate and invest in various sectors in its territory. As a result, the home country can freely invest in various industrial sectors in the host country. The home country and the host country conclude an agreement in the form of international bilateral agreements called "investment promotion and protection agreements" or bilateral investment treaties/BITs. One such agreement is the international bilateral agreement between Indonesia and Singapore on industrial promotion and protection signed in 2018 and effective in 2021, which will be discussed in this journal.

The Ciptaker Law functions to increase investment and create new jobs, but is controversial because of workers' rights. Analysis of the relationship between the Ciptaker Law and employee welfare needs to pay attention to the concept of Competency-Based Employment, which allows companies to appoint and terminate employment based on employee capabilities and performance. However, this threatens the rights of employees, especially regarding termination and wages. The Ciptaker Law also expands the types of work for foreign workers in Indonesia. Even though it can increase investment and create jobs, the Ciptaker Law has the potential to reduce employee wages and make it easier for companies to terminate employment. The implementation of the Ciptaker Law needs to be closely monitored and evaluate especially in terms of protecting employee rights so that this Law can improve welfare and decent employment opportunities. Sorry, please add the text you want shortened. Thank You.

The practice of the Nominee Agreement, which involves an agreement between the legal shareholder and the beneficiary, is often the method used for shareholding in limited liability companies, especially Joint Ventures. In this agreement, the registered shareholder (nominee) is the shareholder, while the beneficiary is the party who actually controls and receives direct benefits from the company. Even though this practice is expressly prohibited in foreign investment in Indonesia, especially based on Article 48 UUPM, and the agreement can be canceled by law because it does not meet the requirements of a legal cause in accordance with Article 1338 Paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, the use of nominee shareholders has not been prohibited explicitly by the government. Therefore, this can be considered as an attempt to circumvent the law or an act of legal manipulation. The type of research used in this study is empirical research, which includes research on legal identification and research on legal effectiveness.

National treatment is one of the fundamental standards in the implementation of foreign direct investment. An important element determining the applicability of national treatment standard is the existence of ‘like circumstances’ between foreign and domestic investors. However, the application of ‘like circumstances’ concept is often inconsistent, due to the absence of touchstones necessary to determine the ‘like circumstances’ itself. This study analyzes the significance of the application of ‘like circumstances’ concept in national treatment standard and its regulation in national treatment clauses in international investment agreements, showing that the absence of provisions on the touchstones to determine ‘like circumstances’ might contribute to the inconsistency of the application of national treatment standard, thus the insertion of the touchstones to determine ‘like circumstances’ is necessary.

Abstract: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a pivotal role in the economic development of many countries, especially in emerging markets. This paper explores the relationship between FDI and sustainable development goals (SDGs), with a focus on sectors like renewable energy, infrastructure, and education. By analyzing case studies from Latin America and Asia, the study highlights the contributions of FDI to sustainable development, such as job creation, technology transfer, and economic growth. Additionally, it examines the limitations, including dependency risks and environmental challenges. Findings suggest that targeted FDI policies are essential for maximizing FDI's positive impacts on sustainable growth.