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According to the Central Statistics Agency for 2019-2021, the harvested area and area of ​​corn plants according to districts/cities, corn production comes from five districts, namely Bualemo district, Gorontalo district, Pohuwato district, Bone Bolango district, North Gorontalo district and Gorontalo city with a total of 377 432.00 ha in 2019, 304 945.00 ha in 2020, and 334 945.00 ha in 2021. By the end of 2022 it is predicted that 340,500 hectares or 27.38 percent of the entire Gorontalo land area will be planted with hybrid corn with a total harvest estimated at 1.61 million tons. This research uses qualitative methods, with primary data sources and secondary data. Corn productivity affects the net income of corn farmers apart from the selling price, where low productivity causes minimal harvest results, so the farmer's income is also low. Apart from that, fluctuations in corn prices are also an obstacle in increasing net income, when corn prices are high farmers get bigger profits. However, when the price of corn falls, farmers' income will also decrease. To increase the competitiveness of corn commodities in Gorontalo Province, it is necessary to invest in improving agricultural technology, opening wider market access, and providing greater government policy support. In this way, corn commodities in Gorontalo Province can become more competitive in both local and international markets.    

According to the Central Statistics Agency for 2019-2021, the harvested area and area of ​​corn plants according to districts/cities, corn production comes from five districts, namely Bualemo district, Gorontalo district, Pohuwato district, Bone Bolango district, North Gorontalo district and Gorontalo city with a total of 377 432.00 ha in 2019, 304 945.00 ha in 2020, and 334 945.00 ha in 2021. By the end of 2022 it is predicted that 340,500 hectares or 27.38 percent of the entire Gorontalo land area will be planted with hybrid corn with a total harvest estimated at 1.61 million tons. This research uses qualitative methods, with primary data sources and secondary data. Corn productivity affects the net income of corn farmers apart from the selling price, where low productivity causes minimal harvest results, so the farmer's income is also low. Apart from that, fluctuations in corn prices are also an obstacle in increasing net income, when corn prices are high farmers get bigger profits. However, when the price of corn falls, farmers' income will also decrease. To increase the competitiveness of corn commodities in Gorontalo Province, it is necessary to invest in improving agricultural technology, opening wider market access, and providing greater government policy support. In this way, corn commodities in Gorontalo Province can become more competitive in both local and international markets.

This research was carried out in December 2023 at Batanghari. The location of this research is determined deliberately (purposive sampling) with the consideration that Batanghari has good potential to carry out catfish farming business activities. Business Catfish rearing cultivation in Batanghari has been established since 2010. The total income obtained by farmers in carrying out a catfish rearing business, namely Rp. 110.000.000 and the income is obtained for one harvest, and the annual income is Rp. 440.000.000. Based on results of calculating the percentage of profits obtained from cultivators Catfish in Batanghari is 500kg, 10 fish per kg. Meanwhile, the value of the cost of production is 3,944. The profit value for the selling price of catfish is IDR 8,006/kg.

Salak farmers in South Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra, face the challenge of low prices during harvest season. To overcome this, they developed salak fruit processing into salak dodol. This step is expected to increase the economic value of their products. The biblical value that can be linked to the solution provided by the farmer group is Genesis 2:15. This verse reflects the value of hard work and human effort to cultivate and maintain natural resources, in line with the salak farmers' efforts in processing salak fruit into salak dodol. This study used a qualitative approach with interviews of salak processing industry employees and analysis of related literature. The processing process involves cleaning, cooking, adding brown sugar and coconut milk, and forming the dough into dodol. The result not only increases economic value, but also provides health benefits. Dodol salak has high economic value, opens local business opportunities, creates jobs, and supports regional economic growth. The product also provides a healthy and delicious food alternative. The positive impact is seen in the improvement of the welfare of the local community, diversification of farmers' income sources, promotion of cultural heritage, and tourist attraction. Processing salak into salak dodol not only increases economic value but also supports the economic growth and welfare of salak farmers, making this practice a sustainable solution.

The purpose of this research is to analyse the liability of farmers who make defaults on savings and loan agreements at KSP Kopdit Pintu Air Lembor branch. The type of research used by the author is Empirical Legal research, the type of data used in this research is qualitative data. The data used in the research based on the relevance of the source data, namely primary and secondary data. The results of this study are that the reasons for the default of farmers on savings and loan agreements at KSP Kopdit Pintu Air Lembor Branch as follows are reduced rice yields and crop failure. The existence of traditional events such as marriage, death and school parties. Income is divided due to financing the education of their children and financing sick families. Farmers borrow from local businesses and communities. Farmers are members of other cooperatives and make loans. Government programmes to improve irrigation have caused farmers not to plant rice. Liability for default by Farmers on savings and loan agreements, namely continuing to pay principal + interest + dues every month and Farmers can repay loans in the form of as much as the member or Farmer can pay or repay the loan and Farmers continue to pay monthly even though only to cover the interest.

Urban farming in Makassar City is one of the government programs called Lorong Garden where the people who carry out this activity are called alley farmers and they do chili cultivation to fulfill their daily needs and also as additional income. This study aims to identify the response of alley farmers to the implementation of chilli urban farming. This research was conducted in Makassar City, South Sulawesi Province. The selection of this location uses a purposive sampling technique based on the consideration that all districts in Makassar are the executors of this urban farming program. Respondents in this study are urban farming actors, namely the aisle farmers. To find out the description of the implementation of urban farming in Makassar, a qualitative descriptive analysis was used to see the activities of the executors of urban farming starting from land preparation, planting, maintenance, harvesting to marketing. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with respondents in the field in order to provide the information needed. It was concluded that the response given by the urban farming aisle farmers was very good at this activity, it was seen that the community was active in training, increasing household income, killing healthy and nutritious community food, improving the environment and the potential for chili agribusiness development.    

This research aims to determine the factors that influence the income of palm oil farmers. The sample used in this research was 87 oil palm farmers. The analysis used in this research is multiple regression analysis. The research results show that land area, capital and labor simultaneously have a significant effect on income with a significance value of 0.000<0.05. Partially, land area has a significant effect on income with a significance value of 0.000<0.05. Partially, capital has a significant effect on income with a significance value of 0.000<0.05. Partially, labor has a significant effect on income with a significance value of 0.003<0.05.

This research aims to determine the control of thrips pests on the production of cayenne pepper plants and the impact of controlling thrips pests on farmers' income in Lalopisi Village, Meluhu District, Konawe Regency. The location of this research is Lalopisi Village, Meluhu District, Konawe Regency. The number of samples in this research was 10 farmers. To complete the first and second research objectives, namely by using a qualitative descriptive method, based on the research results, it shows that thrips pest control on cayenne pepper plants in Lalopisi Village, Meluhu District, Konawe Regency is carried out in two ways, namely mechanical pest control and chemical pest control. . Control of thrips sp pest attacks. carried out by respondents or cayenne pepper farmers in Lalopisi Village, Meluhu District, Konawe Regency, had an impact on increasing the production and income of cayenne pepper farming.

Indonesia is a country that has extraordinary natural wealth because Indonesia is located in a tropical area which has high rainfall and sunlight almost all the time which makes plants grow fertile then has many mountains which are rich in minerals and has vast waters which are rich in minerals. marine animals and also Indonesia has abundant fertile land. Agriculture is the sector that receives the main attention in the development of food crop commodities. Indonesia is an agricultural country, where the main source of livelihood for the people is agriculture. This is motivated by geographical location. Indonesia is located in a tropical area, so the weather conditions, land and other resources in Indonesia have high potential to develop the agricultural sector. Based on these results, it can be concluded that all variables in this study are reliable. All variables have a normal distribution. This is proven by testing using the normality test. It is known that the Commodity Price, Land Area and Number of Areca Palm variables (X) and the farmer's income variable (Y) have values ​​greater than 0.05, so these variables have a significant effect. Based on the t test, the variables commodity prices, land area and number of areca nut have a significant effect on farmer income. The higher the price of commodities, the area of ​​land and the number of areca nuts owned and managed, the higher the price of commodities and the number of areca nuts and the area of ​​eating land that farmers' income will increase. Meanwhile, the analysis of commodity prices, land area and number of areca palms on farmer income based on test results (R2) has quite a large influence, namely 64.9%. Meanwhile, the remaining 35.1% was influenced by other factors not examined in this research. Thus, commodity prices, land area and number of areca nuts affect farmer income

One of the world's most famous native Indonesian cultures is batik. A good batik industry must be able to produce superior batik according to market needs with quality standards, the environment, human rights and employment issues. Batik craftsmen have weak tools, use velvet chemicals, handle water and a high amount of water, and are inefficient in handling wax and other processing agents. Batik Seni Pendopo is one of the batik businesses that practices GSCM. Dokani Svetsini needs to manage mezimuzi kineria green manufacturing at Batik Seni Pendopo so that it can continue to operate its business, maintain the surrounding environment, and implement the proposed semparikan persang mezimuzi results consistently. This research uses a qualitative case study type, using the green SCOR and AHP methods. From the results of Mezurisi Ergirden, the performance value is 77.43, which means good. Of the 13 KPIs, there are several KPIs that have unsatisfactory performance, namely energy use, waste produced by % of products produced, production costs, installation costs, waste management, efficiency, stamping, batik canting. Improvements that are important in this business are minimizing the handling of electricity, handling raw materials for candle wax and water, managing candle wax for business income, modifying the management so that the cash that goes to Milan can be milled, and where farmers design and canting so that the production process is faster.

The habit of storing the harvest in the form of nutmeg is something that has become a culture among the people of Morela village, Leihitu District, Central Maluku Regency. This research will examine theoretically the economic variables that influence the storage of dry nutmeg seeds by farming households. To analyze the relationship between variables that cause savings choices, an inter-time model is used. The choice is based on the meaning of the present and future times. If the present time is more meaningful then farmers will sell the nutmeg seeds they have and conversely if the future time is more meaningful it will increase the amount of nutmeg savings. The variables included in this research are relative price variables, current income and future income. This research uses primary data through interviews and questionnaires. The samples taken based on the purposive random sampling method were 75 farmers in Morela village. To analyze the magnitude of the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable, cross-section regression was used using the Eviews tool. The results of the research show that the price variables at harvest, the estimated future price of cloves, and future consumption influence the clove savings of farmer households.

The purpose of this activity is so that the environment of Batu Bersurat Village, XIII Koto Kampar District, Kampar Regency can become a clean and uncontaminated environment from cow dung. Cow dung can be processed into compost. Compost is an organic fertilizer made from animal waste that has undergone a fermentation process. The advantage of this compost is that it is environmentally friendly, can increase the income of farmers, and can increase soil fertility by repairing physical damage to the soil due to excessive use of inorganic (chemical) fertilizers. Batu Bersurat Village is an area with potential in agriculture, plantation and animal husbandry. The existence of cattle owned by the community has the potential to be used as compost which can be used for agriculture as well as for the fertility of plantation crops. However, the lack of knowledge of residents about the methods and benefits of making compost from cow manure causes cow manure to be thrown away, therefore people still use chemical fertilizers as a medium for the fertility of their plants. Therefore, a practice was held to make use of compost from cow manure in Batu Bersurat Village, District XIII Koto Kampar, Kampar Regency.

Swiftlet's nest is one of the most famous foods in the world. Swiftlet's nest is believed to have very good benefits for the health of the human body. This swallow nest besides having a high price, can also be beneficial for the world of health. In order to get high-value swallow nests, it is necessary to know the types of swallows that can produce good quality nests. This study uses the theory of income in the book development economics by  Sukirno Sadono. The research aims to determine the role of the swallow business in increasing the income of the Sumber Agung community. This research includes field research, with the method of observation, interviews and documentation, while the data analysis used is qualitative data analysis. The results of the study show that the swallow's nest breeding business in Sumber Agung Village is a side business where the average community in Sumber Agung Village has a livelihood as oil palm farmers. The swallow's nest breeding entrepreneurs aim to improve the family's economy by looking at the high selling price of swallow's nests and export value. The risks faced can also be minimized so that there are no substantial losses.

Surabaya city is one of the coastal cities in Indonesia and has potential in the fisheries sector. Apart from having a strategic role and having a large area of ​​land, the City of Surabaya can also increase its role as a shrimp pond farmer to increase natural resources for shrimp pond farmers in Surabaya. With good and optimal management can increase production and income levels so as to improve the welfare of the surrounding community. Especially for tiger shrimp pond farmers, it is hoped that they can provide employment and be able to become food ingredients providers. This study aims to prove and analyze the effect of education level, length of business and land area on the income of tiger shrimp pond farmers in Medokan Ayu Village, Rungkut District, Surabaya City. In this study using a causal quantitative approach. This study uses 1 dependent variable (income) and 3 independent variables (education level, length of business and land area). The type of research data used in this research is quantitative data. The data analysis method used in this study is multiple linear regression, F test (simultaneous), T test (partial), and the coefficient of determination. The results of this study indicate that the level of education (X1), length of business (X2) and land area (X3) simultaneously or together have a significant effect on the income of tiger shrimp pond farmers in Medokan Ayu Village, Rungkut District, Surabaya City. The level of education (X1) partially has a significant effect on the income of tiger shrimp pond farmers in Medokan Ayu Village, Rungkut District, Surabaya City. The length of business (X2) partially has no significant effect on the income of tiger shrimp pond farmers in Medokan Ayu Village, Rungkut District, Surabaya City. Land area (X3) partially has a significant effect on the income of tiger shrimp pond farmers in Medokan Ayu Village, Rungkut District, Surabaya City.  

The goal of this PKM is to solve partner issues through digital sales applications (digital marketing) so that PPL products can reach a wide number of people. via a participatory approach, activities for farmers are being implemented by working together to develop answers via digital sales methods. Indonesia, like the rest of the world, is going through difficult circumstances. This is because the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, causing people's income to fall. As a result, one must be able to comprehend the numerous benefits and roles of using digital tools, motivating citizens and entrepreneurs to use digital tools in all activities. The advancement of digital marketing has an impact on the advancement of product advertising. The strategy employed to attain this goal is discussion combined with direct training at the Luwuk Farmers Association. By always following health rules, keeping your distance, and wearing a mask, this method is deemed in conformity with the goal of this service. It is intended that by participating in this activity, people would gain a better understanding of what it means to use digital marketing to boost corporate competitiveness. The majority of members feel optimistic about carrying out this activity.

Process and efforts to strengthen or enable the weak. This study aims to find out how the process of community empowerment by the PT industry. Manakarra Unggul Lestari and the impact of this empowerment. The research method used was phenomenological qualitative. The data obtained were analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). The results of the study explained: (1) The empowerment process begins with socialization carried out by the PT, this socialization contains methods for planting and developing what is called an oil palm plant. Those who are already members of independent farmer groups are given the opportunity to order oil palm seeds at a low cost. So that many people who previously did not have a job, now work as oil palm farmers. (2) The positive impact of this independent farmer group is the ability of the community to get more optimal results and income than usual. While the negative impact is the emergence of environmental pollution caused by four-wheeled vehicles used as transporters of oil palm crops, the presence of air pollution such as the amount of dust that appears during the dry season can cause people to experience a decrease in body immunity.

Corn is one of the world's most important food crops besides wheat and rice. Aside from being a source of carbohydrates, corn is also grown as animal feed. Corn farming is a business developed by the community in Ntonggu Village, Palibelo District, Bima Regency, so that it becomes the main commodity when summer arrives. Scarcity of fertilizers and pesticide costs, seed costs and labor wages that often increase every year are obstacles for corn farmers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of production factors (land area, cost of fertilizer, cost of pesticides, cost of seeds, number of workers, output prices and labor wages) on the income of corn farming and to determine the feasibility of corn farming in Ntonggu Village, Palibelo District, Bima Regency. The data used were obtained from observations and interviews with 35 respondents, the sampling technique used was purposive sampling method. The method used in this study is multiple linear regression and using the B/C ratio. The results showed that the factors affecting the income of corn farming in Ntonggu Village, Palibelo District, Bima Regency were the Factors of Land Area (X1), Number of Labor (X5) and Labor Wages (X7) and Based on the results of the analysis of income and feasibility of corn farming in Ntonggu Village, Palibelo District, Bima Regency, the average income of respondents was Rp. 11,673,773 of the total cost of Rp. 4,747,286. The feasibility analysis shows that the B/C ratio is 1.5 so that corn farming in Ntonggu Village, Palibelo District, Bima Regency is profitable and feasible.

 In Indonesia, there must be a business entity that plays a role in creating an advanced, just and prosperous society, which prioritizes mutual welfare, and a form of business called a cooperative.  One of the cooperative performance indicators that is important to analyze is the remaining results of operations, which can be used as a source of income for the cooperative and its members.  Through this analysis, it is hoped that detailed and comprehensive information can be obtained regarding the performance of cooperatives in the province of East Java, especially in terms of remaining operating results.  This information can be used as a reference for cooperatives and the government in formulating more appropriate strategies and policies in developing cooperatives in the region, as well as encouraging more inclusive and sustainable economic growth.  In the economic structure of this province, there are two types of cooperatives that play an important role, namely sharia cooperatives and conventional cooperatives.  One of the provinces in Indonesia that has a large number of cooperatives is East Java.  Such as consumer cooperatives, savings and loan cooperatives, agricultural cooperatives, farmer cooperatives, fishing cooperatives, credit cooperatives, producer cooperatives, and a large number of other types of cooperatives are among the many types of cooperatives.  In East Java, there are various cooperatives that have succeeded in increasing the welfare of members through good and efficient business management.  Apart from own capital, there is also capital from outside the cooperative which affects the SHU level in East Java Province.

The research was conducted in Medan Krio Village, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. The purpose of this study was to analyze the variables of crop production and the exchange rate of farmers to the income of rice farmers in Medan Krio Village both partially and simultaneously. The research data used are primary. In addition, secondary data is also used as support for primary data. The data analysis technique used is a direct interview of respondents with the help of a questionnaire that has been prepared. The data analysis method used is Multiple Linear Regression. The results of this study variable crop production have a significant effect on the income of rice farmers in Medan Krio Village. And the variable exchange rate of farmers has an insignificant effect on the income of rice farmers in Medan Krio Village. The simultaneous variables of crop production and farmer exchange rates simultaneously do not affect the income of farmers in Medan Krio Village. The suggestion in the research is that there is a need for intervention from the government and the private sector to increase farmers' crop production to improve the welfare of farmers.

Based on the results of the data analysis conducted, it was found that the variable land area has a significant effect on the income of corn farmers because the wider the land owned will increase the income of farmers because the more land planted is also encouraged by other factors such as plant care. The variable cost of fertilizer has no significant effect on the income of corn farming because the use of fertilizer must be in accordance with the recommended dosage. If it exceeds it can cause plant death and continuous application of fertilizers can have a bad effect on soil conditions. Soil becomes quickly hardened, less able to store water. The cost of pesticides has no significant effect on the income of corn farming because the excessive use of pesticides is not friendly to the environment and the health of farmers, because nutrients in the soil are eroded in the long term and productivity decreases. Seed costs do not have a significant effect on corn farming income. That is, the more seeds used, the greater the production yields, but there is still a maximum limit for this use, if it is used beyond this limit it will reduce production yields. The variable amount of labor does not have a significant effect on the income of farmers because the more labor used will reduce income to provide wages, the labor used in this case is daily workers and only at harvest time. The output price variable does not have a significant effect on farmer income where the increase or a decrease in the total output price will result in an increase and decrease in corn income in the Waterfall Village, Pantai Cermin District.